Evaluating and Conducting Educational Research

This article explores the process of evaluating and conducting educational research, including conceptualization, research design, reliability and validity, ethical considerations, and data analysis procedures. It focuses on a specific case study that examines inclusive education for students with refugee experience in a South Australian primary school.

Running head: EVALUATING AND CONDUCTING EDUCATIONAL RESEARCH
Evaluating and conducting educational research
Name of the student:
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1EVALUATING AND CONDUCTING EDUCATIONAL RESEARCH
Table of Contents
Introduction................................................................................................................................2
Conceptualisation of the research study.....................................................................................4
Research design and methodology.............................................................................................6
Reliability and validity...............................................................................................................7
Ethical consideration..................................................................................................................8
Data analysis procedure.............................................................................................................9
Summary of the findings..........................................................................................................10
Limitations...............................................................................................................................10
Conclusion................................................................................................................................11
References................................................................................................................................13

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Introduction
Exploration of education is so important to make an increase in the required facts on
any particular topic which is already given or problem in hand. Due to this particular reason,
the researchers of education customarily make better skills use of the research of their own
for ensuring that the messages and information that are being shared with the available
audience about the purposes of the future. For instance – all the researchers may determine
for using accurate rationale and statement of problem for outlining the issues that had led to
all of them for conducting studies of their own. At that particular time, referring to the earlier
literatures is a better way in order to collect appropriate information and data on every of the
specified topic (Creswell, 2012). This means that the position of the researcher will help them
to relate about the matter that have already done by other researchers to what it means by
their individual studies. This all means that any sort of research needs his own applicability in
their society for it so that it is valued cleanly.
By considering the above written information, this work is going to demeanour of an
article’s review and critical analysis named “Inclusive education for students with refugee
experience: whole school reform in a South Australian primary school” by the three author
namely Robert Hattam, Danielle Every and Karen Pugh. The objective of the analysis are
going to prove whether the research meet up with some of the study necessities which is real.
This particular paper of research has suggested numerous means by the help of which the
above mentioned school may change for accommodating the remaining requirements of all
the students of refugee. Based on this paper, the respected author will be going to analyse
about how the presentation of the researchers of the above mentioned article that is based on
the count of components of research. This paper will also going to analyse about the
researcher’s ability in order to make the article a bit interesting as well as easy to be

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understandable by analysing the design and the methodology of research, reliability and
validity, data analysis procedures, the summary of the findings as well as limitations, and the
ethical consideration.

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Conceptualisation of the research study
A way which is effective in which the process of proper conceptualization that are
being used by the researchers is by directing a major literature review of any other scholars
and researchers as the background of the study (Schwandt, 2014). Pugh, Every, and Hattam
(2012) uses this literature in order to outline few challenges that the students of refugee have
faced back since then in rapports of education and any other amenities of society. As the
authors also properly cite as well as referencing the researchers along with their findings, it is
obvious enough that they are having an approach of sound towards the review of literature as
a part of any study.
The researchers are using one of the approach to bring out the problem in order to
outline few gaps that already exist in the last literature. In this particular case, the author is
mentioning that the last literature inclined in order to overlook the faced challenges by the
refugees. Their disadvantage is that they did not try to estimate all the possible ways in which
the policies could be executed in order to enhance the comfort of the refugees at the school.
All these gaps in the literature helps me out to bring about the approach of direction of the
study (Creswell, 2012). Her working credibility has been increased by the nature
transparency of being addressed the limitations of model.
The other aspect of the review of the literature is that the current literature that
includes the dates back to the year of 2007 as well as another sources are considerably older,
including the publication from the year of 1990, 1997 and 1999. This is included in the list of
weak points of the review of literature. Creswell (2012) suggested by using the newest
findings in a review of literature in order to ensure a full completed study.
Creswell (2012) proposing that the initial step, by forming the foundation of research
of education, is to recognise the issue of the research. A clear statement that relates with the

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problem are being used by the researchers, though they are not bound to straight away outline
them. From the introduction as well as the abstract of the research, it is all clear about the
number of refugee students found in the U.S., the United Kingdom, Australia and Europe that
has increased and many of the students are having negative experiences about seeking refuge
in some of the new countries. As a result, the key issues addressed by the particular paper is
the respected experiences of all the refugee students in looking for in order to obtain quality
education in a completely new country (Pugh, Every, and Hattam, 2012). The rationale about
the study, hence, is the issues that is experienced by all the refugee students when they are
trying to cope up with the available programs and policies. The working basis is to check
whether or not schools, in aggregation with the suitable government authorities and
departments, which can implement the changes to their available policies in order to
accommodate all the refugee students (Creswell, 2012). Pugh, Every and Hattam (2012)
inaugurate the issue, justification and rationale for their own study in a commonly logical as
well as easily recognisable manner. This is valuable for the development related to the model
of conceptualization, which additionally gives specific guidance on how to improve operative
research (Creswell, 2012).
This research resolution are depended upon the questions of the research or
hypotheses (Creswell, 2012). A statement of the problem has provided a perfect reason in
order to undertake the research, particularly at the time when the given research is completely
based on a rationale that is clear enough. The key problem here is the issue with the clarity of
the given issues of the research. The statements of purpose is being provided by all the
researchers by stating that this particular report is based on the changes of structures, the
implementation of the school in its curriculum, staff roles and class organisation (Pugh,
Every & Hattam, 2012, p. 125). In this particular framework, the statements of the purpose
are very clear for persuading the reader that the ongoing process of research will advantage a

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certain number of parties. In this particular case, the specific group that will get benefitted the
most from the above study is the students of refugee. Correspondingly, the educators will be
benefitted, as new approaches is being offered by this research in order to handle the settings
of multicultural education (Creswell, 2012). Additionally, all these means that all the
educators will be in their preferable position for attending the desires of the students of
refugee with being sensitive to their own feelings. It is also very clear that the author of the
outlines of the research about the research’s essence, that is in order to evaluate the way
societal and schools settings that can be develop programs and policies which accommodate
the refugee’s needs (Marshall & Rossman, 2014).
Research design and methodology
Pugh, Every and Hattam (2012) ethnographic design is being used. All the above research has
determined for using a case study in order to answer all the questions related to research. In
such sort of cases, all the researcher is being looked for a particular school which are having a
bit of similar problems ( the name of the school is ‘The United Primary School’) as well as it
focused on a particular group of people (the principal, the assistant principal, and the
available teachers) to change and challenge. According to Creswell (2012), a design of
ethnographic preferably focuses on a specific sole group of people and then tries to observe
them in their workplaces, interact and live. This being a difficult process as it completely
focuses on observation and involvement and requiring few researchers to have a vast
knowledge about the skills of research. As Creswell (2012) had suggested, the necessity of all
the researchers is to make use of some of the suitable methods in order to gather some of the
information and relevant data for the assigned research. This researchers are choosing any six
from the total participants who all are worked in a particular school namely ‘The United
Primary School’ in the suburbs of Adelaide – teachers, assistant principal and the principal as
the critical analysis of the given school that were conducted by them. The choice of the

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procedures of the collection of data was so suitable for this particular research. As they were
using a design and the qualitative approach, interviews of semi-structured had been chosen by
the researchers, analysis and observations of the documentation as one of the key methods of
collection of data. Moreover, they have also given the time duration of the pending interviews
(nearly one hour), that are used in the devices of audio-recording as well as recording the
data. It is flawless that each and every interview is being recorded for the references in future.
The main resolution of all these methods was to gain the information in first hand from the
administration of the school as well as students on some of the major common challenges that
are faced by the refugee students, and the way school has responded to them. All are clear in
the eyes of the reader that the particular research was aiming to obtain the information from
the staff in general, as well as from all the teachers. This particular approach was appropriate
for the purposes of the research of Pugh, Every, and Hattam (2012) as the choice of the given
school that is based on particularly the ability of that given school for the implementation of
the change, that has happened to be so real. The seven changes concept in this particular case
is very significant, because it gives numerous approaches and directions towards the program
and policies change which tends in order to distinguish against the students of refugee.
Reliability and validity
According to Creswell (2012) here has been three of the basic methods that are used
characteristically in order to measure the strength of its qualitative data: triangulation,
checking of the member and auditing. Triangulation is referred to the time when all the
researcher are being reported about the related information that they are being acquired from
the enduring process of interview. As Creswell (2012) mentioned earlier, the data
triangulation involves the use of most of the different evidence sources for contrast as well as
comparison. This research was used another literature for validating the obtained general
information. As this research is said to be naturally qualitative, the other validation methods

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like auditing as well as checking did not completely applied here. That is why the researchers
only has concentrated of the quality of information about the experiences of the refugees and
in what way every school is moving step by step forward straight towards an updated
experiences enriched. All of the researchers is making study dependable as well as referring
valid to another of the arguments as well as the conclusions of the researchers. After
completion of this, the majority of the researchers may relate their overall findings to all
those whom he is being referred in the prior studies. Additionally, this means that the overall
aspects of filling up the gaps of the earlier researchers which makes it possible to do such a
study which is reliable enough (Creswell, 2012). This research’s arguments was appeared to
be substantial enough. It is significant in order to discover one of the best ways for treating of
the refugees and the other available group of minority within the society. The restoring of
humanity is very much needed across the world. The research is not only apply in the country
like Australia but also it apply globally. This is applicable later because of the growing cases
of the problems that lead to the available people escaping their own countries (Punch, 2013).
Similarly other scholars are arguably correct that it is the role of governments and other
entities to try to limit cases that would lead to people seeking refuge in other countries.
Ethical consideration
The thing which is most essential to be done at the time of their study in order to
consider the ethics and morals within the society. By this sentence, it means that one can
desire to appraise whether or not the given study was affected the morals among all the
members of any of the society. The group which is mostly affected must be the applicants. In
most of the cases, it is very significant in order to check whether or not the data collection
method as well as analysis, or the study consequences, is having any effects that is
undesirable on the perceptions and the morale among all the participants (Creswell, 2012).
Pugh, Every and Hattam (2012) had taken care that the study’s proper owner was preserved

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at most of the stages of most of the research. Before all the process of interviews, all the
participants was being informed by the researchers about the main purpose of the given
study, as well as the way in which it would mostly affect them. For this particular reason, all
the participants have to provide the information that is based on their highest priority level of
the truth spoken (McMillan & Schumacher, 2014). What was mostly significant to them that
has also been asked rather than the way they have thought about the said words? The ethical
consideration’s importance is to give the applicants, the self-esteemed in order to take part in
the above study. There is also a certain ways of the encouragement a bigger size of the
sample in order to enhance the validity and the reliability of the assigned study. The other
optimistic technique that are used by all the researchers was to more use of the pseudonyms
in order to describe the applicants for keeping their own privacy. The ethnographers are
willing to study the places and the individuals with a favourable attitude of privacy and
respect, as well as without causing any sort of harm (Creswell, 2012). This must be overrated
as one of the portion of the side of the ethical of any research which is related to each other.
Data analysis procedure
An inductive analysis approach has been adopted for the data analysis of this study,
basing the trustworthiness and data gathering factor (Creswell, 2012). Extensive focus has
been given on interviews and a fair bit of that share has also been given on literature review
for the purpose of validating the research paper. With the help of this, the researchers have
been able to come up with strategies to mitigate the risks associated with the situation, and
come up with action plans based on the same Creswell (2012) in other words, the research
addresses the issue of trustworthiness, with the help of triangular methodology of data
collection(Patton, 1999). The fascinating part about the research method which has been used
for the purpose of the research is the fact that this has made the entire calculation work look
immensely simple and comprehensible to the readers, thereby making sure that the work

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looks appealing overall. In addition, the researchers have come up with their own
experiences, as an attempt to better the lives of the refugee students (Merriam & Tisdell,
2015). Furthermore, the analysis has been done in a way which perfectly responds to the
research questions (Creswell, 2012). This acts as the catalyst to boost the credibility and
validity of the research.
Summary of the findings
Keeping the whole issue as the centre of the arguments, the entirety of he paper has
been conducted and presented in an extensive manner. This mainly involves two main
strategies. The first one is to involve staffs as being the initiators of change to better the lives
of the refugee students, with the help of diversity in management and curricula. The reason
for this is that the solution is involves humanitarian perspectives to make sure that the lives of
the refugee students are made better, which does not require expertise. Effective interaction
and coming up with suggestions for the refugee students to make their lives better can help in
achieving this.
Furthermore, it suggests that the study can be applied to various institutions as wel, as
it has succeeded under an educational institution. As per Creswell (2012, the society needs to
amend its acuities about expats, and assent them by means of an open heart.
Limitations
As per Atkins (2012), researchers need to be aware regarding the limitations that
persist in their research papers, for the purpose of further research scope. The research is
indeed credible, reliable and valid, but does not outline the main limitations that exist within
the research. For example, the research does not point out to the sources of the challenge,
despite explaining the challenges. Challenges would not arise in the first place if their sources
can be identified and mitigated. One must agree that this would have taken a lot of extra time,

11EVALUATING AND CONDUCTING EDUCATIONAL RESEARCH
but would have surely added value to the paper. The paper does not do an extensive review of
literature either, which could have been valuable in comparing methodologies (Willig, 2015).
The case study which the research does refer to, consists of a very small sample, indicating
that the research is unrepresentative. It is likewise that a pre-set model would be able to
discourse the socio cultural needs of the refugee students effectively.
Conclusion
From the study, it can be established that this work is a critical analysis and review of
the article, entitled, ‘Inclusive education for students with refugee experience: whole school
reform in a South Australian primary school’ by Pugh, Every and Hattam. The framework
which the researchers have taken up for the purpose, is highly valid and meaningful. There is
evidence that the researchers are highly knowledge in the field of research. The researchers
have been able to support their hypothesis in the research paper, with the use of rationales,
questions and methodologies. It can also be deducted from the study’s findings that the
research has a range of applications in the contemporary scenario, worldwide. Refugees are
subject to intense activities of the modern societies, which affect their psychologies in an
adverse manner. This study provides to fill that gap by being a source of information to aid
refugees by managing their experiences and schools and other institutions, thereby having
great importance in the modern world.

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References
Atkins, L. (2012). Qualitative research in education. California: Sage Publications
Creswell, J. W. (2012). Educational research: Planning, conducting, and evaluating
quantitative and qualitative research (Fourth ed.). Boston: Pearson
Garner, R., & Scott, G. M. (2013). Doing qualitative research: Designs, methods, and
techniques. Pearson Education
Marshall, C., & Rossman, G. B. (2014). Designing qualitative research. Sage publications.
Merriam, S. B., & Tisdell, E. J. (2015). Qualitative research: A guide to design and
implementation. John Wiley & Sons.
Punch, K. F. (2013). Introduction to social research: Quantitative and qualitative approaches.
Sage.
Willig, C. (2013). Introducing qualitative research in psychology. McGraw-Hill Education