Evaluating Theories of Autism

Running head: EVALUATING THEORIES OF AUTISM 1
Evaluating Theories of Autism
Name
Institution

EVALUATING THEORIES OF AUTISM 2
EVALUATING THEORIES OF AUTISM
Introduction
The ToM hypothesis remains the standard and mostly investigated theories of autism. It
was initially developed when researchers were analyzing the features which might or might not
be distinct to the human species. The notion was that the person with a ToM must identify the
mental conditions individually as well as in other people and utilize such info to predict the
behavior of the others. Following the reading regarding this idea, Simon Baron-Cohen (scientist)
created this autism’s theory. Simon recommended that it remains apparently this capability
which is compromised in kids with the autism. In a nutshell, ToM highlights that stays the
deficiency to take others’ viewpoint which leads to various shared shortfalls in autism including
deliberate communication, make-believe to play as well as conjecturing the beliefs and emotions
of other people. Such a gap is usually referred to us, “mindfulness.” The deficit in this theory
leads to people on autism spectrum to perform less in activities which need “mind reading” as
opposed to respective characteristically emerging peers.
Autism
Autism is a neural developmental condition which is pervasive, and it affects processing
of information in many ways. This disorder affects males more than female, and it manifests by
age two (Schurz, Radua, Aichhorn, Richlan & Perner, 2014). People with autism find it hard to
interact socially with other people, have difficulties in communication, have sensory deficits, and
their motor coordination is poor. This condition exists in an autism spectrum disorder because its
symptoms vary greatly. Some people with autism have low intellectual abilities while others are
quite intelligent. The cause of autism is still unclear.
Cognitive Theories

EVALUATING THEORIES OF AUTISM 3
Cognitive theories predominate psychological autism’s studies The have also cut through
issues of specificity that poses a question as for whether autism results from the domain-
particular variable or whether manifold aspects are engaged; uniqueness which also suggests
whether the variables exclusive to autism or it is further responsible for the development of other
disorders? Finally, a universality which poses another question whether the factor(s) found in all
autism/majority?
ToM deficit implies that ASD-infected individuals could brawl in such ways as:
explanation of respective conduct; comprehending; corresponding emotions; prediction of
emotional or behavior of states of other people; comprehending others’ viewpoints; inferring the
others’ intentions; knowledge that behavior influences how other people feel or think and
distinguishing facts and fiction. Because of such deficits, explicit teaching about how people can
fathom emotion of other people and how to solve the social situations problems remains essential
(Haker, Schneebeli & Stephan, 2016).
Approaches like social, role-play and visual tales to jog the memory of autistic people
regarding emotional conditions and proper behavior remains critical. Moreover, teachers and
parents working with people on spectrum must stay careful never to blame behavior which has
repercussions which are never entirely comprehended by that kid or adult. It is always essential
to think about explaining how behavior influences other people or make them feel before
reprimanding (Oakley, Brewer, Bird & Catmur, 2016).
Theory of Mind Hypothesis (ToM)
This is the most commonly researched theories of autism. It was created by Simon. It was
created initially when the investigators were investigating phenomena which could have been or
not distinct to humans. It primarily targeted that a person with a ToM must specify mental