Evidence Based Care For Breast Cancer Patients Assignment 2022

Running head: Evidence Based Care For Breast Cancer Patients
Evidence Based Care for Breast Cancer Patients
Name of the Student
Name of the University
Author Note

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Evidence Based Care For Breast Cancer
PatientsNowadays, cancer is one of the serious as well as significant health issues in Hong Kong.
Outpatient-based chemotherapy among cancer patients in Hong Kong are facing gradually
increasing demand for chemotherapy services. However, the opposing effects associated with
chemotherapy can impose great hardship on breast cancer patients of Hong Kong. This, in
turn, also gives rise to series of negative outcomes. Considering the effectiveness, safety,
high patient satisfaction Nurse-led care has been highly recommended. It is noteworthy to
state that this randomised clinical trial study depicts the effectives of nurse-led care for breast
cancer patients receiving outpatient chemotherapy from a few aspects, including clinical
information and psychological support, dealing adverse with effects, and improving
satisfaction with care. The following are the critical appraise for this randomised controlled
trial.
1aIn the study conducted on breast cancer patients the control groups and the experimental
groups were equally randomised (1:1). This, in turn, assures that there is equal participation
from all the participants. The study conducted in the participants were evaluated both before
and after randomization of trials. The control groups in such experiment minimises the effect
of variables (Warrington, Absolom&Velikova, 2015). The experimental group does not have
any test variable and are generally used to find answers in an experiment while control
groups do not receive any experimental treatment. There were two groups for this study: one
got routine hospital care and the other received nurse led interventions.
1bConsidering the fact that the study was an open-label, equally randomized trial which
means that no information was withheld from trial patients. Both the patients both control and
experimental group was made to know about all concerned information (Becker et al, 2017).
This study was a single-center, two arm parallel trial. The controlled arm (breast cancer
patients) received normal routine hospital care whereas the intervention group received the
nurse-led care along with routine hospital care. This study evaluated the quality of life,

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Evidence Based Care For Breast Cancer
Patientssymptoms associated with distress levels (after chemotherapy), self-efficacy as well as high
satisfaction level associated with proper nursing care. In order to evaluate these outcomes,
questionnaires were given to the breast cancer patients before randomization (T0), in the
middle of chemotherapy (T1), and after one month of chemotherapy (T2). Additionally, same
participants were interviewed in the intervention arm at T2.The intervention arm participants
expressed that they had significantly lower oral problems, fatigue,peripheral neuropathy, and
increased satisfaction with care in comparison to the control arm participants. They also
expressed the fact that the nursing led care was significantly useful in order to provide the
proper information and communication opportunities. It can be concluded from this paper
that the breast cancer patients received significant personalised and comprehensive care.
2a Cancer is one of the serious as well as significant health issues in Hong Kong. Outpatient-
based chemotherapy among cancer patients in Hong Kong are facing gradually increasing
demand for chemotherapy services for more than 10 tears. However, the opposing effects
associated with chemotherapy can impose great hardship on breast cancer patients of Hong
Kong. This, in turn, also gives rise to series of negative outcomes.Considering the
effectiveness, safety, high patient satisfaction Nurse-led care has been highly recommended.
Some significant reports on nurse-led breast cancer care exist. However, insufficient and
improper evidence associated with nurse-led breast cancer care patients during outpatient
based chemotherapy has to be avoided. Thus, the nurse-led care programme was developed
for the breast cancer patients in a Chemotherapy Day Centre (Haviland et al., 2013).
2bThe specific objective of this clinical study was to evaluate the significance of the effects
of a nurse-led care programme on improving the quality of life of the breast cancer patients.
This study hypothesized that no significance difference exists between the participant and
control arm in QOL during chemotherapy. The secondary hypothesis was to compare the two

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Evidence Based Care For Breast Cancer
Patientsarms for self-efficacy and understand the significance of nurse-led care programme on breast
cancer patients (Kleinpell, 2017).
3aThe trial design of this study included a single-centre, open-label, 2-arm parallel trial with
equal randomization (1:1). This study was also conducted in the chemotherapyday centr of an
acute care hospital in Hong Kong.
3b No significant changes were made after trial commencement.
4a In this study, the eligibility criteria for the participants included at least 18 years of age,
diagnosed with primary breast cancer, getting treatment with adjuvant chemotherapy, 60
score on Karnofsky Performance Scale, able to speak Cantonese and write Chinese, available
to be communicated through telephone.
4bThe nurse-led care program can significantly be applied to breast cancer patients in several
hospitals of Hong Kong.
5 In this study two types of intervention were conducted where participants are subjected to
both nurses led care and hospital care. The hospital led care was normal and put more
emphasis on chemotherapy while nursing intervention had tools of intervention which were
lengthy and more procedures. NNT refers to the therapeutic interventions while NNH was the
risk factor associated with a clinical trial. In this study the risk factor was small while NNT
was low which emphasis that the treatment or the interventions was high (Kotronoulas et al,
2017). The interventions by the nurses were quite significant in the clinical trials. The
intervention effect was quite significant in the clinical trial. The effect size between the two
group is significant in understanding the difference and the advantages over the use of tests.
The effect size in this clinical study is dimensionless which states the outcome of the two
study. Reporting the effect size is significant to interpret the significance of the clinical trials.
It is often referred as treatment effect, which also calculates the result of the treatment.