Stages and Processes of Project Management: A Critical Review

This report provides an in-depth examination of the stages and processes of project management. It critically reviews the destination in the context of the project, focusing on the project summary, project plan, work-breakdown structure, procurement of resources, project schedule, key stakeholders, and risk management plan. The report is relevant for students studying project management or related courses.

Examine in depth the stages and processes of
project management. -Critically review the
destination in context of the project. In order for
businesses

TABLE OF CONTENTS
INTRODUCTION...........................................................................................................................3
SECTION-1 : PROJECT SUMMARY............................................................................................3
SECTION-2 : PROJECT PLAN......................................................................................................4
Work-breakdown structure..........................................................................................................4
Project goals and work packages.................................................................................................5
2.2 Procurement of resources.......................................................................................................7
2.2.1 Roles and responsibilities need to be completed by each project member.........................7
Review of existing skills, knowledge as Project management and identification of gap with
regards to completion of project..................................................................................................7
2.2.2 Physical resources...............................................................................................................8
2.3 Project schedule and timeline....................................................................................................8
2.4 Key Stakeholders...................................................................................................................9
Power/Interest grid of stakeholders...........................................................................................11
Three significant stakeholder related to the project...................................................................12
2.5 Risk Management plan........................................................................................................12
2.6 Project communication............................................................................................................14
2.6.1............................................................................................................................................14
TASK 1- Three possible challenges faced by project manager while working with diverse
team and engaging stakeholders................................................................................................14
TASK 2- Two significant challenges and the way information will be communicated to them
....................................................................................................................................................16
2.6.2 Version control..................................................................................................................18
2.7 Project quality management and key performance indicators.................................................18
SECTION-3 INTERIM REPORTING FORM..............................................................................19
CONCLUSION..............................................................................................................................20
REFERENCES..............................................................................................................................21
1

INTRODUCTION
Project management is process of managing the a project by effectively coordinating
diverse range of people to work in team for achievement of desired outcome. This report is
related to live project named as” Vintage Trains (VT) in Tyseley Birmingham, run express steam
trains on Britain Mainline railway offering fine dining, relaxation in order to provide charm and
comfort to people. So, it covered necessary information pertaining to the way project will be
managed for better outcome.
SECTION-1 : PROJECT SUMMARY
Project Scope
Provide a brief overview
of your project proposal
and how it aligns to
ONE of the 3 project
scopes (50 words)
The project has planned to provide guest with an experience of casino
so that they can have fun and enjoyment in Vintage train. The project
proposal is directly related to the first project scope that is repacked
of current project to new diverse market (LGBTQ).
Project Start Date: The project start date is 7 April 2021.
Project PEP
Completion Date:
The project will be completed within time frame of 8-9month.
Project Final Report
Completion Date:
The final report will be filled by 10 month.
2

SECTION-2 : PROJECT PLAN
Work-breakdown structure
3

Project goals and work packages
Number Project Goal/Objective
(Outcome focus)
Work
Package name
Specific tasks needed to
complete this WP/goal/
objective
1. To set realistic budget for
start of project of casino in
VT.
Finance
decision
making
a. Estimation of actual expense
need to be incurred in order to
implement the project.
b. Analysis the source from
which fund can be raised for
effective management of project.
c. Setting appropriate budget
that can be used to meet all
expense or necessary cost
associated with implementation
of project (Heldman, 2018).
2. To arrange and make best use
of available resource for
implementation of project.
Resourcing a. Identification and analysis of
total number of resource
required to implement the
project plan.
b. Type of resource related to
building casino in VT.
c. Evaluation from alternative
sources from resources
can be arranged.
d. Arrangement and optimum
utilization of resources.
3. To ensure effective
communication between team
Information
technology
a. To decided various type of
information need to be
communicated for better
4

member. communication. implementation of the project.
b. On basis of
identification of type of
information, channel need to be
decide to share information.
c. Finally team member will
be motivated to actively
communicate with each others
(Sońta-Drączkowska, and
Mrożewski, 2020).
4. “To enhance team member
satisfaction for better
implementation of project.”
Satisfaction of
team member
a. Understand needs and
preferences of employees,
b. Encouraging them to share
their feedback.
c. Thereby finding alternative
method to motivate them to give
their best.
5. “ To increase client retention
ratio by fulfilling their needs
in better manner.”
Customers
retention
a. To identified existing wants
of client.
b. Find alternative method to
meet them.
6. Time completion of each task
schedule for starting the
casino.
Scheduling a. Understanding or estimating
of actual time that needs to be
complete a specific task.
b. Then scheduling time need to
complete particular activity.
c. Monitoring and controlling
each activity so that desired
outcome can be achieved in
5

specific time frame.
2.2 Procurement of resources
2.2.1 Roles and responsibilities need to be completed by each project member
Responsibility References
The project manager is mainly responsible for
planning several activities that need to be completed so
that project of opening a casino in VT can be
completed.
Bierwolf, 2017
Delegating the task and responsibilities that need to be
performed by each team member is also one of the key
responsibilities of project manager.
Martínez-Perales and et.al.,
2018
Ensuring time management and quality of project
through continuously monitoring and controlling
activities performed by different members.
Evdokimov, Domantsevich
and Konyhov, 2017
Cost estimation and development of budget is another
key responsibility that need to be complete by project
manager. In order to arrange sufficient fund or finance
resources to meet all expense and lead growth of
project.
McKevitt, Carbery and Lyons,
2017
Review of existing skills, knowledge as Project management and identification of gap with
regards to completion of project
Key Strengths Gaps
As a project manager, I have key skill and
knowledge pertaining to time management
There are key areas in which I need to
improve further likewise knowledge related
to the way resources can be organized so
6

that has help in scheduling the way particular
task need to be completed in limited time
frame.
that end objective of project can be
achieved.
I have ability to plan and take decision
pertaining to activities that need to be included
in order to implement the project of start a
casino in VT.
I lack analysis skills which create gap in
identifying and analyzing the impact of
associated risk on the project (Radujković
and Sjekavica, 2017).
Another strength that lies in me as project
manager is I have management skills that
helps me in motivating and handling various
resources so that their optimum utilization can
be done for better outcome of the project
(Frijns, Van Leeuwen and Bierwolf, 2017).
2.2.2 Physical resources
After arrangement of various human resources, there are numerous physical resources
that are required by project manager in order to complete the project pertaining to establishment
of casino in VT for LGBTQ. All these physical resources contribute in implementation of plan in
more effective manner.
2.3 Project schedule and timeline
Objective
Number
WPs & its tasks Wk1 Wk2 Wk3 Wk4 Wk5 Wk6 Wk7 Wk8 Wk9 Wk10 Wk11 Wk12
1. Conduct
destination
audit for
repackaging of
VT that is
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casino in order
to attraction
target
audiences.
2. Identification
of target
audience for
better return of
project
implemented.
3. Finding of
various
resources
required to
build casino in
VT for new
diverse target
customers
Setting budget
Implementation
of activities
related to
project
Final result
2.4 Key Stakeholders
stakeholders are key individuals that are interested in project thereby they need to be
provided relevant information related to it for satisfaction of their respective requirements in
better manner. Thereby the associated stakeholder related to the project can be illustrated as
follows:
8

External
Stakeholder
(Be specific to your project
scope)
Interest:
How much does the
project affect them?
Power/Influence:
How much
power/influence do
they have?
Identify the stage of
the project life cycle
that this stakeholder
is most critical.
The customers that is
LGBTQ
“ LGBTQ” is the
customers that are
somewhat interested
in the project of
Casino in VT . As
they provide an
opportunities to make
have enjoy and fun or
time to leisure.
They have maximum
power or influence
related to the project
as they are the main to
whom casino services
will be delivered
(Bierwolf, 2017).
Planning is the most
crucial stage of
project life cycle at
which LGBTQ
required as per them
services will be
arranged.
Project manager The manager is also
interest in the project
as it is handle all
function related to the
project so that end
outcome can be
achieved.
The project manager
have high power as it
is responsible for
taking all necessary
decision pertaining to
the project.
It have active role at
all of the five stage of
project that is
initialization,
planning, executing,
monitoring and
controlling and
closing.
Project team They have high
interest in the project
as they are individual
that are work in order
to get salaries or
wages by completing
their respective task
so they are interest in
success of project.
So they have lower
influenced in the
project as they does
not have any capacity
to take any decision
related to the project
(Ewin and et.al.,
2017).
They plays an active
participation in
implementation of the
project.
Government The another The government have Planning and closing
9

stakeholder related to
the project is medium
interest in the project
as through they are
able to understand
equal services or
facilities provided to
each individuals.
more power as it have
more control over the
project of casino in
Vintage Trains
(Sońta-Drączkowska,
and Mrożewski, 202).
are two significant
stage of project life
cycle in which
Government take
interest in order to
know about the
crucial information
related to the project.
Power/Interest grid of stakeholders
Low
Interest
Medium
Interest
High
Interest
High
Power
Customers that is
LGBTQ have high
power but low interest
related to the project.
Government have
medium interest but
more power to take all
decision related to the
project.
Project manager of
Vintage Trains have
more power as well as
interest in effective
operation of the
project (Lock, 2020).
Medium
Power
NO NO NO
Low
Power
NO NO The team member
have high interest but
lower power to take
any decision related to
the project. As they
have to complete task
assign or delegated by
project manager.
10

Three significant stakeholder related to the project
Stakeholder Interest/Influence Action needed by the PM –
identify the stage of the Project
Life Cycle
References
The
customers
that is
LGBTQ
They have high interest in
the project as it will
delivered better services to
them.
The project manager in order to
satisfied wants of LGBTQ needs
to ensure effectively
implementation of each steps
related to establishment of Casino.
Sońta-
Drączkowska,
and
Mrożewski,
2020
Project
manager
They are responsible for
ensuring effective
implementation of the
project. Thereby project
manager also have high
interested related to the
same.
It needs to understand wants and
preferences of LGBTQ to
identified relative project life
cycle.
Ferrer
Romero, 2018
Government Government also have
high interest in growth and
effective operation of
project.
The project manager need to
abide to all rules and regulation
while performing its respective
duties and responsibilities.
Abyad, 2019
2.5 Risk Management plan
Impact RISK MANAGEMENT ACTION
Significant Legal risk: It is
the risk that have
high impact on
the project as
change in the law
by government
have major
Cost risk: This
is another risk
that can be
highly happened
as there are
chance that
underestimation
Change in external environment:
There are numerous changes in
external environment that
adversely impact on operation of
the project of Casino or
repackaging of VT.
11

impact on
project.
of cost that result
in project delay
(Widianti,
Harihayati and
Sufaatin, 2018).
Moderate Time risk: All
the steps has
been taken by
project manager
to complete task
in limited time.
But due to
ineffective
completion of
task the project
can be delay.
Scope risk: Due
to ineffective
identification of
scope of project,
the objectives
cannot be meet.
Communication risk: Due to poor
communication, there would be less
coordination among team member
that have significant impact on
project.
Minor Strategic risk:
The last risk
associate with
the project of
starting casino in
Vintage Trains is
strategic risk.
The project
manager through
continuously
evaluating the
outcome of
strategies has
tried to
minimized the
Operation risk :
The chance of
poor operation or
performance by
several team
member is
moderate which
have minor
effects as project
manager is
taking necessary
steps to enhance
performance.
Resource risk: This is another risk
associate with new project as there
are chance where resources may not
be sufficient to meet project
requirements. That may lead in
delay of several operation related to
project (Gray and Ulbrich, 2017).
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risk of strategy
for benefits of
the project.
Low Medium High
Likelihood
2.6 Project communication
2.6.1
TASK 1- Three possible challenges faced by project manager while working with diverse team
and engaging stakeholders
Challenge Justify its inclusion References to support your
points
Multi-cultural The project manager is facing
challenge of multi culture as
there are number of team
member that are performing
different task and activities
related to the project
management. They all belong
to different culture, tradition
and preferences so the
manager is suffering challenge
pertaining to the way they all
can be coordinate and
communicate for effective
implementation of project.
Mutliculture has lead in
confusion and conflict among
team member, moreover
manager is not able to
understand the strategies that
Heldman, 2018
13

can be used to motivate
specific team member belong
to particular culture.
Multi-generational teams It is another challenge that has
been faced by project manager
in context of development of
casino that is repackaging of
existing products of Vintage
Trains in order to delivered
more better services to target
customers.
There are many individual in
team belonging to different
age groups or generation or
difference in generation has
lead problem for manager to
influence them to work in
team.
Ferrer Romero, 2018
Risk management The project manager in recent
scenario is also facing
challenges related to risk
management as it is not able to
decide particular strategies
that could be used to manage
associated risk with project.
Ineffective of risk
management has result in
barrier of implementation of
plan.
Martínez-Perales and et.al.,
2018
14

TASK 2- Two significant challenges and the way information will be communicated to them
Challenge/Stakeholder Communication
Style/Mode/Frequency
Justify References
Multi culture In order to overcome
the challenge related to
multi- culture or team
member belonging to
various culture,
tradition, belief and
value. Assertive
communication styles
will be used that is
opinion of different
individuals will be
taken. Or they can
openly and freely
communicate
information with each
others. Encouraging
feedback from team
member helps in
understanding their
culture, preferences and
need thereby alternative
method to resolve their
multi culture issue for
better outcome of
project.
So, it can be
justified that
Assertive
communication
styles will be more
fruitful to overcome
the multi culture
challenges as it
helps in
understanding
culture of each team
member working for
the project.
Heldman, 2018
Multi- generation While in order to
handle the challenge of
multi- generation,
Furthermore, in
order to manage
multi generation
Ferrer Romero, 2018
15

Aggressive style will be
used as project manager
as per specific
individuals age group,
will communicate the
information so that it
can be transferred in
right sense and in
limited time frame.
Moreover,
communicating in
aggressive manner lead
in reducing chance of
conflict between multi
generation people.
people working
towards project
aggressive style is
used in order to
command them
specific order to rule
to follow to
complete specific
task. So there are no
chance of conflict
and confusion in
any circumstances
and better outcome
of project.
2.6.2 Version control
2.7 Project quality management and key performance indicators
Identification of 4 KPI- 2 based on project process and 2 on project scope
KPI
Number
Specific nature of
the KPI (ensuring
it is SMART)
Justify your inclusion of this KPI (link back to
project goals & WPs & other similar projects)
References used to
support your
decisions
Process 1
Employees/
team member
Satisfaction
level: It is
related to current
It can be stated that employees satisfaction
is necessary for effective communication
and completion of task in limited time
frame. Highly satisfied employees are
ready to openly share information with
each others that results in better outcome.
Sońta-
Drączkowska,
and Mrożewski,
2020
16

Process 2
Financial
performance
index
This KPI need to be included because it
will help it identifying better utilization of
resources and higher finance outcome from
project.
Bierwolf, 2017
Scope 1
Client retention
rate/ LGBTQ
This will also help in identifying number
of customers or group of people belonging
to LGBTQ are satisfied.
Ferrer Romero,
2018
Scope 2 Awareness of
project among
people
It need to be included as it helps in
understanding that number of people are
aware of repackaging of Vintage Trains so
that needs of LGBTQ can be fulfilled.
McKevitt,
Carbery, and
Lyons, 2017.
SECTION-3 INTERIM REPORTING FORM
RAG Status*: RED / AMBER / GREEN
* RED "Major concern - escalate to the next level” Slippage greater than 10% of remaining time, or quality severely compromised.
Corrective Action not in place, or not effective. Unlikely to deliver on time or quality requirements
AMBER "Minor concern – being actively managed” Slippage less than 10% of remaining time, or quality impact is minor. Remedial plan in
place.
GREEN "Normal level of attention” No slippage. No additional attention needed
Key headlines to justify the RAG status (bullet point form)
The status of the project is Amber as necessary steps has been taken in order to complete the
project in limited time frame and better quality for satisfaction of LGBTQ requirements. So
presences of remedial plan has helped in better implementation of project plan.
17

Key gaps within your work to date [link to your project schedule]
The key gap pertaining to the work is that all activities have not be effective implemented and
monitor that has lead in delay of closure of project.
Identify actions needed to address these gaps.
In order to address the gap related to implementation of several activities project manager has
delegate task and responsibilities need to be completed by specific individual or team member in
limited time frame.
CONCLUSION
From the above report it can be concluded that project manager play an crucial role in
planning, organizing and making best use of available resources to delivered qualitative services
to customers. Furthermore, it can also be summarized that effective communication style helps
in reducing challenge related to project thereby leading in more better outcome. At last it can be
concluded that Key performance indicator helps in evaluating the outcome that has been gained
by implementing several steps related to the project.
18

REFERENCES
Books and Journals
Abyad, A., 2019. Project management: Science or a craft. Middle East Journal of
Business, 14(1). pp.4-16.
Bierwolf, R., 2017. Towards project management 2030: why is change needed?. IEEE
Engineering Management Review, 45(1). pp.21-26.
Evdokimov, I. V ., Domantsevich, V. S. and Konyhov, V. A., 2017. The use of online
applications for project management for planning in IT-management. Современные
информационные технологии, (25). pp.44-47.
Ewin, N., Luck, J., Chugh, R. and Jarvis, J., 2017. Rethinking project management education: a
humanistic approach based on design thinking. Procedia Computer Science, 121.
pp.503-510.
Ferrer Romero, E. F., 2018. Strategic project management: a methodology for sustainable
competitive advantage. Revista EAN, (spe), pp.15-31.
Frijns, P., Van Leeuwen, F. and Bierwolf, R., 2017, June. Project management-a more balanced
approach. In 2017 IEEE Technology & Engineering Management Conference
(TEMSCON) (pp. 234-238). IEEE.
Gray, K. and Ulbrich, F., 2017. Ambiguity acceptance and translation skills in the project
management literature. International Journal of Managing Projects in Business.
Heldman, K., 2018. Project management jumpstart. John Wiley & Sons.
Heldman, K., 2018. Project management jumpstart. John Wiley & Sons.
Lock, D., 2020. Project management. Routledge.
Martínez-Perales, S and et.al., 2018. Using certification as a tool to develop sustainability in
project management. Sustainability, 10(5). p.1408.
McKevitt, D., Carbery, R. and Lyons, A., 2017. A profession but not a career? Work identity and
career satisfaction in project management. International Journal of Project
Management, 35(8). pp.1673-1682.
Radujković, M. and Sjekavica, M., 2017. Project management success factors. Procedia
engineering, 196. pp.607-615.
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Sońta-Drączkowska, E. and Mrożewski, M., 2020. Exploring the role of project management in
product development of new technology-based firms. Project Management
Journal, 51(3). pp.294-311.
Widianti, U .D., Harihayati, T. and Sufaatin, S., 2018, August. Risk project management
analysis. In IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering (Vol. 407, No.
1, p. 012087). IOP Publishing.
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