Tourism Research Paper

This assignment presents a collection of academic articles on various aspects of contemporary tourism research. The papers delve into topics such as responsible tourist behavior, the influence of social engagement, green tourism attitudes and behavior, destination value co-creation, sustainability education for tourists, and the impact of technology on tourist preferences. Additionally, the assignment touches upon challenges faced by tourist destinations, including post-disaster recovery strategies and the evolving nature of tourist activities in a changing world.

Tourist destination
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Table of Contents
INTRODUCTION................................................................................................................................3
TASK 1.................................................................................................................................................3
1.1 Analyse main tourist destinations and generators of the world in terms of visitors number and
income generation............................................................................................................................3
1.2 Analyse statistics to determine tourist destination trend and predict future trend.....................4
TASK 2 ................................................................................................................................................7
2.1 Analyse the cultural, social and physical features of tourist destination explaining their appeal
to tourists..........................................................................................................................................7
2.2 Compare features of developing and leading tourists destination.............................................7
TASK 3 ................................................................................................................................................7
3.1 Compare the appeal of current leading tourists destination with that of currently developing
tourists destination...........................................................................................................................7
3.2 Evaluate how characteristics of a tourist destination affect its appeal.......................................8
TASK 4...............................................................................................................................................10
4.1 Analyse issues that affect the popularity of tourists destinations............................................10
4.2 Discuss the potential for responsible tourism to enhance the host community at worldwide
tourists destinations........................................................................................................................11
CONCLUSION..................................................................................................................................12
REFERENCES...................................................................................................................................13
2

INTRODUCTION
Travel and tourism is one of the fastest growing industry in the United Kingdom because of
its wonderful tourist destinations which attract large number of visitors across the globe. TUI travel
Plc is a leading travel group organization which is headquartered in Crawley, West Sussex. It is a
public organization which was established in the year 2007. It has 4 tour operators, 1800 travel
agencies, online portals, six airlines, more than 130 aircraft, 13 cruise liners and more than 300
hotels with 210000 beds. It is serving more than 30 million customers in 180 region in the world.
Present assignment will describe some of the exciting tourist destination of UK with the average
number of visitors and income generation. Moreover, cultural, social and physical factors will be
analysed which impact UK tourism. Along with this, characteristic and popularity of tourist
destinations will be examined so as to attract more and more tourists. In the end, discussion will be
made about potentials for developing a responsible tourism to enhance host community at
worldwide tourist destinations.
TASK 1
1.1 Analyse main tourist destinations and generators of the world in terms of visitors number and
income generation
United kingdom is very popular in the world because of its fantastic and natural tourist
destinations. Every year large number of tourist came in UK to see inherent and exhibited natural or
cultural values, historical places, scenic beauty, leisure services, adventures and amusements. As per
the scenario, TUI Travel group is facing some challenges hence, they are desired to develop best
holiday package so as to enhance customer loyalty. It will provide assistance to retain its existing
customers and attract more and more visitors across the world. In order to design a holiday package,
TUI's business development analyst is responsible to identify new opportunities by determining
exciting products to increase turnover. However, its product development team pay focus to identify
and develop new travelling experiences for the tourists (Angeloni, 2016). They are intended to
create a holiday package for the customers at wonderful and leading tourist destinations so that
large number of visitors can be attracted. United Kingdom, Spain, France, Italy and Turkey are
leading countries in respect to tourist destinations, described below:
United Kingdom: London is the leading country of the world because of its famous tourist
destinations like British Museum, National Gallery, Natural History Museum, Tate Modern, Tower
of London, Victoria and Albert Museum, Coca Cola London eye, parks etc. In 2015, it attracted
31.5 million people in 2015. While, international visitors were 18.6m and domestic visitors were
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12.9million. Contrary to it, visitors spend £15billion on accommodation and other leisure services
like hotel, restaurant, shopping and at attractive destinations. However, total of foreign investors
spending is 21.8 billion (Leonidou, 2015).
Spain: In Spain, Eiffel Tower, Louvre, Notre Dame De Paris, Arc De Triomphe, Monmatre
are some of the exciting places which attract visitors to the country. In 2014, total number of
tourists were 65million people while total tourist receipts is 65,100,000,000.
France: Paris, Nice, Marseille, Bordeaux, Burgundy etc. are the famous places of France. In
France, total number of tourists were 83.7million while in 2013, it was 83.6 million. On the
contrary, total government receipts through tourism was 66,803,000,000. Domestic, overnight and
same day visitors were 265712300, 198085000 and 67627300. However, international and domestic
travel receipts were 52633 and 8160 euro million (Chon, 2015).
Italy: Its historical places, seaside resorts, and popular cultural destinations attracted 48.6
million foreign tourists in 2014. Besides this, total domestic visitors were 126,514,603. On the other
hand, total tourism earning was 45,547,000,000 from both inbound and foreign visitors.
Turkey: Hagia Sophia, Topkapi Palace, Sultan Ahmed Mosque. Chora Churhc, Basilica
Cistern etc. are the fantastic places of Turkey. In 2014, total number of inbound, overnight and same
day visitors were 561983000, 70894000 and 491089000. Thus, total number of tourists in 2014 was
39.8 million. While, total international tourist spendings was 37371000000 and domestic travel
receipts were 22601 US dollar million (Coldwell, 2015).
1.2 Analyse statistics to determine tourist destination trend and predict future trend
Total number of domestic as well as international tourists and their spendings on leisure
services like hotel accommodation, meal, transportation are given below:
Domestic visitors 2011 2012 2013 2014
United Kingdom
Domestic trips 1668635000 1836019000 1710910000 1699240000
Overnight visitors 126635000 126019000 122910000 114240000
Same day visitors 1542000000 1710000000 1588000000 1585000000
International
Visitors
56836000 56538000 57792474 60081883
Spain
Domestic trips 347695122 372811204 398422954 462760816
Overnight visitors 147407636 148369376 144527252 139614605
Same day visitors 200287486 224441828 253895702 323146211
International 56177000 57464000 60675000 64995000
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Visitors
France
Domestic trips 276752000 269784000 266647000 265712300
Overnight visitors 198784000 199577000 198707000 198085000
Same day visitors 77968000 70207000 67940000 67627300
International
Visitors
804999000 81980000 83634000 83767000
Italy
Domestic trips 126514603
Overnight visitors 67058511 61594008 49809249 50155449
Same day visitors 76359154
International
Visitors
461190000 46360000 47704000 48576000
Turkey
Domestic trips 104171000 106226000 113515000 561983000
Overnight visitors 65854000 64922000 68452000 70894000
Same day visitors 38317000 41304000 45063000 491089000
International
Visitors
34654000 35698000 37795000 39811000
As per the table, it can be seen that in UK, number of inbound and outbound tourists has
been declined in 2013. But still, in 2014, it has been increased to 1699240000 and 60081883
respectively. However, in Spain, it shows an continuous rising trend which indicates that number of
visitors in Spain has been increased over the period. While, in France, domestic visitors has been
declined in 2013 but thereafter, it has been improved to 265712300. and outbound visitors goes
beyond 83767000. In Italy, overnight visitor shows a very huge decline to 49809249 in 2013 but in
2014, number of tourists has been inclined (Oliveira, 2016). Visitors in Turkey shows an increasing
trend at faster rate. All the results, depicts that in future, all the countries will serve larger number of
tourists. This, in turn, government can generate more income through promoting travel and tourism
sector. Therefore, TUI travel business and product development team can construct a holiday
packages in these countries to enhance sales, customer satisfactions and loyalty as well(de
Oliveira,2016).
Tourism
receipts
2011 2012 2013 2014
UK 44864000000 47052000000 53522000000 62830000000
France 66087000000 64001000000 66049000000 66803000000
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Spain 62447000000 57877000000 62584000000 65100000000
Italy 43241000000 40960000000 43829000000 45547000000
Turkey 30302000000 31566000000 65037000000 3737100000
Income generation 2011 2012 2013 2014
Spain (In Euro million)
International travel receipts 44711 45268.45 47109.86 490566.96
Domestic travel receipts 21970.86 20739.75 20459.57 19798
France (In Euro million)
International travel receipts 39333 50446 51596 52633
Domestic travel receipts 6885 6800 7200 8160
Italy (In Euro million)
International travel receipts 3241065 33677.71 34839 35963
UK (In Pound sterlling millions)
International travel receipts 27973 29775 34238 38112
Domestic travel receipts 22666 23976 23294 22692
Turkey (In Us dollar, million)
International travel receipts 30301 31565 35036 37372
Domestic travel receipts 15641 16725 18417 22601
The above table reflects that France is generating largest earning through tourism as in 2011,
it was 66087000000 got increased to 66803000000. Its total international and domestic travel
receipts got increased from £39333m and £6885m to £52633m and £8160m respectively. However,
in UK and Spain, total earnings got increased from 44864000000 to 62830000000 and
62447000000 to 65100000000 in the year 2014. In UK, foreign and domestic earning got increased
from £27973 to £38112 million and £22666 to £22692 million(Diallo, 2015). Whereas, in Spain, it
has been inclined from £44711m and £21970.86m to £490566.96m and £19798m. On the contrary,
in Italy and Turkey, total earning are comparatively less to 45547,000.000 and 3,7371,000,000
respectively (Leonidou, 2015).
All the results exhibited that these countries are generating increased tourism revenue thus,
by making holiday packages in these countries, TUI travel Plc can enhance their turnover to a
greater extent.
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TASK 2
2.1 Analyse the cultural, social and physical features of tourist destination explaining their appeal to
tourists
Enclosed in PPT.
2.2 Compare features of developing and leading tourists destination
Enclosed in PPT.
TASK 3
3.1 Compare the appeal of current leading tourists destination with that of currently developing
tourists destination
In past few years, the number of visitors in North Korea is increasing rapidly. It is attracting
visitors through its monuments, amusements parks, architectural style, water parks. Lakes,
waterfalls, historical and cultural heritage, Casinos etc (Olmedo and Mateos, 2015). Comparison
between the characteristics of UK and North Korea are enumerated below:
Basis United Kingdom North Korea
Number of visitors In UK, total number of visitors in the
year 2014 was 304414883 (Pappas,
2015).
In 2014, it welcomed 100000
visitors from neighbour country,
China. While, only 5000 visitors
were from Western countries.
Tourism earnings In UK, tourists came from all the
countries over the world. Henceforth,
its total earnings is very large to
62830000000 in 2014.
In 2013, Travel and tourism sector
in North Korea generated $30.6
million which has been increased
to $43.6million in the year 2014
(Leonidou and et.al., 2015).
Inbound and
outbound travellers
The number of inbound and foreign
travellers are increasing at very faster
rate. As in 2013, domestic and
international visitors was 171091000
and 57792474 which got increased to
1699240000 and 60081883
respectively (Olmedo,2015).
North Korea's domestic travellers
mostly comprises Chinese tourists
to have an exciting holiday trips.
Moreover, it is expected to have
200000 Chinese tourists by the
year 2020 (Pappas, 2015).
However, its foreign travellers are
increasing at slower rate.
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Attractive tourist
destinations
Stonehege, Tower of London, City of
Bath, Windor Castle, Historic
Yorkshire, Cambridge University,
Lake District National Park. Warwick
Castle, Chartwell, The Cotswolds etc.
are the famous attractive tourist
destinations In UK.
Tower of Juche Idea, Vicatorious
Fatherland Liberation War
Museum, Demilitarized Zone, Kim
ll-sung Square, Arch of
Reunification, Concrete Wall, State
Circus etc. are the famous tourist
point of North Korea .
Political conditions Its political condition is stable which
influenced tourists to a greater extent.
Moreover, the number of visitors are
increasing rapidly as in the year 2014,
industrial GDP contribution was
increased by 3.7% which was 2.6% in
2013. Further, its domestic visitors has
been increased to 35.4m by 2.8% in
2014 In addition, it has been expected
that in 2016, UK's inbound visitors
will be increase to 36.7 million by
3.8%. Moreover, total spendings will
be increase by 4.2% to £22.9billion.
By the year 2025, Britain has been
forecasted to have more than £257
billion earnings through tourists.
North Korea's political condition is
unstable because of having adverse
relationship with country like
South Korea (Leonidou, 2015).
Moreover, state government
strongly restrict all the travel of
US citizens. Further, use of
electronic and multimedia devices
like USB, CD, DVD, mobile
phones, laptops, tablets ec, are
strictly banned by the government
(Graham, 2015).
Forms of
government
UK follows constitutional monarchy
in which state head is the Monarch and
Prime Minister is government head.
While, its legislative authority is in the
hand of two chambers that are House
of Commons and House of Lords.
It comprises administrative
(Cabinet), legislative (President)
and judicial (which is managed by
Central court). Thus, North Korea
adopted democratic form of
government (Shoval and et.al.,
2015).
3.2 Evaluate how characteristics of a tourist destination affect its appeal
Characteristics of Cuba
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 Infrastructure- Infrastructure facilities of Cuba is good as there is presence of water,
accommodations, electricity, buildings etc. It promotes wide development of tourism within
the country. All the electric energy generation, transmission and distribution in Cuba is
controlled by the government (Moscardo, 2015). The country has consumed 13 million tons
of oil in 1989 of which, 40 million barrels, some 7 million tons was used for generation of
electricity. It brings revenue and entrepreneurial progress within the country.
 Social- Culture of the nation is a complex mixture of different, often contradicting, factors
and influences. The people residing in the country are based on African, European
influences (Sin, Oakes and Mostafanezhad, 2015). It gets a very good amount of support
from its citizens, local communities and authorities. It is largely recognised for its ancient
culture and heritage
 Political - Executive power is exercised by the government. Cuba has an elected nation
legislature which is denoted by the national assembly of people power.
 Travel and tourism film- This will make the travelling experience for the people more
advanced and effective. Cuba has long been an attractive destination for tourist with its
favourable climate, beaches, colonial architecture and distinct cultural history (Graham,
2015).
 Presence of biodiversity- it is a positive sign for the tourism in the country. Most of the
areas in the country are covered by Biodiversity Park.
Characteristics of North Korea-
 Culture- The culture of North Korea is based on traditional Korea culture, but developed
since the establishment of democratic people republic. A central themes of cultural
expression is to take the best from the part and discard capitalist elements. Popular
vernacular style and themes in literature, art, music and dance are esteemed as expressing
the truly unique spirit of the Korean nation.
 Political- In this country tourism is highly controlled by the government bodies and
authorities (Pan, 2015). This is responsible for development and progress of the country.
And political body of country has control over the all activities regarding tourism.
 People- in North Korea, the vast majority of people are Korean because of the immigration.
It is one of the most ethically homogeneous nation on the earth. At any one time, there are a
few hundred foreigners to be bound, most of them are tourist.
 Destination- North Korea is one of the safest country to visit. It also known as the
democratic people republic of Korea. It’s a country struck in time, outside of the system.
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North Korea is a stranger, beautiful, exotic place (Angeloni, 2016).
TASK 4
4.1 Analyse issues that affect the popularity of tourists destinations
There are numerous factors which impact popularity of tourist destinations and thereby
impact number of tourists of TUI Travel Plc to a greater extent. It can bring both challenges and
issues or possible threats. Some of the issues for the success of TUI travel Plc are described below:
Safety and security: One of the major challenge in travel and tourism sector is visitors safety
and security. Terrorism is the reasons for tourists threats and create an adverse impact on the
popularity of attractive tourist places (Current issues confronting Tourism, 2009). Higher the risk of
terrorists decline the number of visitors and affect TUI's customer base, sales and profitability in an
adverse manner. Thus, it is essential for the TUI's manager to ensure adequate safety and security so
as to deliver best travelling experience to the visitors.
Natural disaster: Threats of natural disaster in terms of earthquakes, floods and other natural
calamities like tornadoes slower the growth rate of visitors for TUI Travel Plc. Thus, suddenly
occurrence of natural calamities impact the success of industry in adverse way (de Oliveira and
Stanciulescu, 2016). Thus, it can be suggested that TUI must keep into account threats of natural
disaster when planning holiday trip for the visitors.
Environmental conditions: Emission of harmful gases like CO2 and industrial wastage
create an adverse impact on the environment security. TUI's sustainability manager is responsible to
ensure environmental safety by adopting various ways to not create harm to the environment. By
this, it can fulfil its environmental responsibility and ensure sustainability by delivering eco-friendly
products and services (Pan, 2015).
Global warming: Air pollution, noise pollution, water pollution etc. are the factors which are
responsible for global warming which decline the visitors to TUI Travel Plc. It is because every one
wants to go to exotic and clean places which are population free.
Infrastructure: Huge investment in infrastructure facilities like repair, maintenance etc.
affected governmental policy . For instance, historical monuments and supporting infrastructure
impact government's policy with regards to health and education.
Government policies: In case, when government design its policies so as to promote and
encourage number of travellers than it will encourage people to come at famous tourist destinations.
This in turn, TUI travel Plc can serve greater customer base and enjoy high success and growth by
getting larger turnover and profitability as well.
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4.2 Discuss the potential for responsible tourism to enhance the host community at worldwide
tourists destinations
Responsible tourism is about complying with the responsibilities of cultural and social
environment. It is about making the people within the society more responsible towards the
protection of tourism. This kind of tourism is not only better for pour world but it is also more
interesting and memorable. It facilitates a positive interaction between the tourist industry, the local
communities and the travellers. Tourism is one of the most important and largest industries on the
planet. It employs millions of people worldwide and most of them are relaying on tourism for daily
needs. For providing the more reliable and effective travel and tourism to the people, TUI plays an
important role in the industry (Bangwayo-Skeete and Skeete, 2015). The company provides
effective and protected tourism to the society. It contribute towards improving the environmental
conditions.
However these conditions can be improved by applying different kind of approaches. For
that purpose, population is required to be made more educated. They need to understand tourism
rules and the duties and responsibilities in better manner. Because it is very essential to identify that
everyone realize their responsibilities toward the tourism places (Chon, 2015). TUI must ensure that
visitors must not face any kind of trouble and problems in the country to which they are coming.
This helps to minimize the negative social, economic and environmental impacts.
It generate greater economic benefits for the local people and increase the well-being of host
communities. TUI also offers different types of services like food, accommodation, entertainment
etc, according to requirement of people. Responsible tourism always try to avoid and reduce the
things such as fraud and misrepresentation of facts. The company can use different kinds of
strategies and promotional activities in order to promote the popularity of destination (Olmedo and
Mateos, 2015). They always shared correct information and messages among the masses so that
traveller could not feel misguided. Such type of activities create the positive image in the mind of
travellers toward their destination. At last we can say that responsible tourism has to be practices at
all the levels. All the stakeholders such as firms, tourist, local authorities, social groups,
communities etc are required to fulfill their responsibilities in effective manner (Angeloni, 2016). It
will generate greater economic benefits for the firms like TUI and will also improve environmental
condition and access to the industry. This kind of tourism can provide more enjoyable experiences
for the tourists through more meaningful connections with local people and greater understanding
of local cultural, social and environmental issues. The authorities are required to provide an
effective and efficient services to their tourist (Mair, Ritchie and Walters, 2016).
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CONCLUSION
In conclusion of the entire project report, it becomes clear that beauty of the tourist
destinations and leisure services by the tourism industry attract visitors to a greater extent. By
offering best hotel accommodation, travelling, meal and other leisure facilities, TUI travel Plc can
attract larger the number of tourists and ensure long run sustainability. As per the report, France is
the leading tourist destination in the world which serve greatest number of visitors. Besides this, the
report concluded that India and North Korea are the developing tourist destinations while UK is the
leading tourist destination. Apart from that, it has been inferred that global warming, natural
disaster, safety and security, environmental protection etc. are the factors which influence popularity
of tourist destination to a major extent. In end, report concluded that excellent infrastructure, safe
environment, better employment opportunity, optimum use of natural resources etc. are the ways
available to TUI Travel Plc to ensure sustainable tourism.
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REFERENCES
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Pappas, N., 2015. Internet Use and Destination Preferences: Evidence from Crete and Cyprus.
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