Understanding Exponential Decay through Newton's Law of Cooling
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Added on 2023/04/21
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This document discusses an experiment on exponential decay using Newton's Law of Cooling. It explains the concept of exponential growth and how it relates to temperature change. The experiment results and equations are also provided.
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EXPONENTIAL1 NAME OF STUDENT: STUDENT NUMBER:170830H INSTITUTION AFFILIATION:
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EXPONENTIAL2 OBJECTIVE: To build understanding of the exponential decay through an experiment using the Newton's Law of Cooling INTRODUCTION The main aim of the experiment was to determine and understand the concept of exponential growth using Newtons law of cooling which states that the rate of change of temperature of an object is proportional to the difference between its own temperature and the ambient temperature. The temperature of a given surrounding is known as ambient temperature. In our case, the ambient temperature is 19⁰ c. So an experiment on the Newtons law of cooling was carried out and the results were obtained and a scatterplot was determined as follows: RESULTS Timetin Min utes Liquid Temper ature in °Cof T(t)at time t 9110 10109 11108 12107 13106 14105 15104 16103 17102
EXPONENTIAL6 DISCUSSION/CONCLUSION 2.Newtons law of cooling depicts that a dTtk TtT dt whereT(t) = temp of objects at any time t, Ta =ambient temp, k = growth constant 3. We will use the differential equation to come up with an equation to obtain the temperature at any time by a method known as integration or by a mehod of separable variables. (i) Using integration method, The resulting equation therefore has the form Y=Y0e-k.T(t)-Twhich is derived as : dT/dt=k(T-Ta)
EXPONENTIAL7 dT/dt-KT=-kTa IF=eintegral of -kdt= e-kt e-kt.Y = integral of e-kt. 0dt = 0+c+Ye-kt So Y=Y0e-kt+c Where Y= L,Y0=initial temperature change=B-S So introducing the new terms;L-(B-S)e-k.t+ C Where C=Ta=S SoL=(B-S)e-k.t+S Introducing an equation with zero equivalent;L-(B-S)e-k.t –S=0 where L = temp of liquid at any time, S = temp of surroundings, Y = temp of the liquid – temp of the surroundings. B = initial temp of the liquid (ii) Using the method of separable variables, the temperature difference at t=0 and the model is Y0=L S. Where L is the temperature of theliuid at time t, S is the temperature of the sorroundings, Y is the difference between the temperature of the liquid and the sorroundings. The assumption made was that there was no convective heat exchange but rather only conductive heat exchange due to temperature difference between the liquid and the sorrounding The final equation of the model isB-S)e-k.t+S=L
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EXPONENTIAL8 (ii) Where now B is initial temperature of the liquid= 110°C (i)t t=80 minutes, L=61°C, B=110°C, S=19°C and using these values and the equation above to calculate the value of k:61-(110-19)e-80.k19=0 So the growth constant k=0.00966 4. Time needed to cool the object to half its initial temperature difference Initial temperature difference is 110-19=91 Its half is 45.5 = 45.5-91e-0.00966t- 19=0 26.5=91e-0.00966t The value of t here is then 127 minutes 5. Showing that kThalftime= ln2 k=0.00966 T here is127 minutes Thalftime=127/2=63.5 kT then= 0.00966x63.5= 0.6341 which is almost equivalent to ln2 6.B-S)e-k.t+S=L So when we double the time and half the time of growth decay gives: L-(110-19)e-160x0.00966/2-19=0 L=91x0.4615 +19 L=61 So doubling the time and the half time of growth decay gives the same value of L
EXPONENTIAL9 7. Using both equations, the liquid temperature remains the same, i.e no cooling takes place.