Factors Affecting Oil Prices: Demand, Supply, and Elasticity

Answer 1)
The prices of oil usually gets determined by the changes in demand and supply. The
long term price movement will also change the demand. The rices of oil fell down in the
years 2008 and 2009 due to the recession. The rices however recovered when the global
economy recovered. In 2011, the economy also faced an oil shock in the year 2011. At that
time the price fell back to $80 per barrel. The price of oil however remains same in both 2011
and 2012. The prices of oil were the highest in the year 2012. The average price of oil was
$109.45 per barrel. Low interest rate also makes the price of oil high. However, the price of
oil came down in the year 2014. In the year 2016 the price went down the lowest of 40.68 US
dollars per barrel. In the year 2016, the price of oil went down to more than seventy percent
which was lower than the year 2014. One of the reason of such low price in the year 2016
was due to change in supply and demand. The demand for oil was much lower than the
supply in the year 2016. The United States have also produced more than double from the last
few years. Therefore it means the need for import decreases. Increase in the production of
energy efficient vehicles also means less demand for crude oil (Kayalar, Küçüközmen and
Selcuk-Kestel 2017).. The prices of oil increased in 2017 to 52.51 US dollar and 70.28 US
dollar. After the rise in price of oil, the members of Organization of the Petroleum Exporting
Countries agreed to reduce the output foil by 1.2m barrels from January 2017. The biggest
cut oil output was made by Saudi Arabia. From the year 2018, it has been predicted that the
oil consumption will be more than the production and then the shock will b falling at an
accelerating rate.

Answer2)
The oil prices in the year 2008 mostly went down due to presence of Great Recession.
The consumption of oil went down sixteen percent. Some of the reasons behind oil shock n
the year 2008 are the stagnant supply. The supply of oil remained stable for quite a long
period of time due to hurricanes in Mexico and turmoils taking places at the different parts of
the world. Also the decline of oil production from Saudi Arabia is one of the reason behind
the stagnant supply. The second reason behind the falling prices is although the supply of oil
may become stagnant the demand however grew strongly. Especially in case of China the
consumption of oil particularly increases (Teixeira, Madaleno and Vieira 2017). The
consumption of oil increases twice in the year 2008. The Energy Information Administration
went down to 9.6 percent lower. As a result of past oil shocks the price of oil in the year 2008
fell down. The prices of gasoline is one the factor behind fall in sales of the automobiles.
The oil industry is full of economic booms and busts. Some of the reasons behind the
fall in prices of oil in h year 2014 and 2015are oversupply of crude oil. After the result of

economic recession the price of oil fell down in the year 2008. However, after the economic
recovery the price it hovered between $100 and $125 in the year 2014 and after that the price
fell down steeply. The consumption of oil which increased heavily in the first decade went
down drastically after the year 2010. As China has the largest population, so the lower
demand had significant effect. This is one of the major reason for the fall in prices in oil.
Along with increase in the supply of oil, the demand for the oil started decreasing. Along
with that the economies of many developing countries along with Europe were also
weakening. There has also been increase in the energy efficient vehicles which will lead to
decrease on demand of oil (Teixeira, Madaleno and Vieira 2017). The devaluation of the
currency of China also affected hugely on the price of oil. As China was one of the largest
importer, decrease in demand of oil from China hugely affected the price of oil in 204 and
2015.
The collapse in the price of oil between 2014 to 2016 was mainly driven by the supply
glut and failed increase the price. Between the years 2014 and 2016 the global economy have
faced on of the largest decline in the prices of oil in the recent history. The price drop which
was nearly seventy percent was considered as one of the biggest declines since the World
War II. Rise in the U.S production of oil played very important role in the plunging price of
oil in the early 2016. Booming in the reduction of oil supply in the United States is also
considered as one of the major factors for the plunging prices of oil. The surge in the price of
oil in the year 2011
The prices of oil mainly gets affected by mainly two factors that are supply and
demand and the market sentiment. The market forces mainly affects the price of oil. The
production of oil also increased in the year 2004 by 4.2% one of the reasons behind the rise
in price of oil in the 2005 is the rise of supply above the level of 2004. One of the reason
behind the rise in price of oil is that as the developing nations like China and India have been