Tourism Management and Sustainability

This assignment delves into the multifaceted aspects of tourism management. It examines various theoretical frameworks for understanding tourism planning, policies, and the intricate relationships involved. The focus extends to managing change within tourism destinations and exploring sustainable practices in a rapidly evolving industry. Concepts like brand equity, stakeholder perceptions, and the influence of word-of-mouth marketing are also analyzed.

TOURIST
DESTINATION

TABLE OF CONTENTS
INTRODUCTION...........................................................................................................................3
TASK 1............................................................................................................................................3
1.1 Analyze main tourist destinations and generators of the world in terms of visitor numbers
and income generation.................................................................................................................3
1.2 Analyze statistics to determine tourism destination trends and predict future trends............4
TASK 2............................................................................................................................................6
Covered in PPT............................................................................................................................6
TASK 3............................................................................................................................................6
3.1 Compare the appeal of current leading tourist destinations with that of currently
developing tourist destinations....................................................................................................6
3.2 Evaluate how characteristics of a tourist destination affect its appeal...................................7
TASK 4............................................................................................................................................8
4.1 Analyze issues that affect the popularity of tourist destinations............................................8
4.2 Discuss the potential for responsible tourism to enhance the host community at worldwide
tourist destinations.......................................................................................................................9
CONCLUSION..............................................................................................................................10
REFERENCES..............................................................................................................................10
2

INTRODUCTION
Travel and tourism is one of the fastest growing sector. Exploring and experiencing new
places is new trend in today's world. Tourism has developed within last few years and has scope
to grow at higher pace in coming years. Lifestyle , increased number of young population has
brought growth in the tourism industry. In the assignment, we will evaluate the scope of tourism
across worldwide and the factors affecting tourist destinations (Fyall and et.al., 2009). We will
compare statistics of various country to measure growth in number of visitors since past few
years. We will also discuss various issues that affects popularity of the tourist destination and the
need of sustainable tourism in order to conserve resources to be used by future generation.
TASK 1
1.1 Analyze main tourist destinations and generators of the world in terms of visitor numbers and
income generation
A country that is chose by tourists to visit is known as tourist receiver country. Tourism
is a key segment for any country as it helps in economic growth and provides many employment
opportunities (Morrison, 2013). France is the major destination for tourists worldwide . Highest
number of tourists visits France every year. On the other hand, if number of tourists are coming
from certain country then it would be called as tourist generating country. The biggest tourist
generating country is Germany from where highest number of tourists visits destinations
globally. Following statistics can be considered for countries receiving tourists:
Country Regional Market Visitors in 2015 Visitors in 2016
United States America 77.5 million 2.8 billion
UK Europe 33.9 million 37.3 million
Spain Europe 68 million 75.3 million
Italy Europe 50.7 million 54.3 million
China Asia 56.9 million 59.4 million
Table 1: Number of Visitors
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(Source: Record numbers of tourists visited UK in 2016, 2017)
Income generated from the tourism in theses countries can be given as:
Country Region Amount ( USD billion)
United States America 103.5
UK Europe 30.4
Spain Europe 52.5
Italy Europe 38.8
China Asia 45.8
Table 2: Income generation
(Source:Office for National Statistics, 2016)
A lot of revenue get generated due to tourism in Ireland . It is expected that tourism will
continue to increase revenue every year. Revenue generated through French tourist in year 2015
was €210m. To travel across the world for the purpose of pleasure or for promoting and
developing business is known as tourism. Tourism has many aspects associated with it such as
tourism is for attracting tourists, or for operating business or it can be for entertainment.
Government, government sponsored bodies and international agencies plays an important role in
tourism. They actively participate to promote tourism , provide many infrastructure facilities and
services required to promote tourism.
1.2 Analyze statistics to determine tourism destination trends and predict future trends.
USA 2014 2015 2016 2025 ( ESTIMATED)
Contribution
to economy
54398.46 USD 55836.79 USD 56343.05 USD 10 trillion
No. of visitors 75 million 77.5 million 2.8 billion 16.7 billion
Spain 29,718.50
USD
25,831.58
USD
26658.19 USD 7.67 trillion
No. of visitors 64.9 m 68 m 75.3 m 1.8 billion
UK 46278.52 USD 43734.00 USD 44040.13 USD 9.6 trillion
No. of visitors 17.4 m 33.9 m 37.3 m 1.14 billion
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Italy 35179.65 USD 29874.05 USD 30115.67 USD 5.04 trillion
No. of Visitors 48.6m 50.7 m 54.3 m 1.01 billion
China 7587.29 USD 7924.65 USD 8455.60 USD 28.25 trillion
No. of visitors 55.6 m 56.9 m 59.4m 1.26 billion
To understand the trend of tourism let's take example of France and UK to predict trends
in tourism . In tourism industry France I considered as the most visited destination by the tourists
across the world. The reason behind highest number of visits is the presence of visitors
attractions such as mountains and historic monuments and architecture. Beaches are the central
attraction for tourists (Pérez and et.al.,2017). France has come out as the most popular
destination in last few years and would continue to be the same in coming years. Other than
visitors attractions, another factor is responsible for increasing number of tourist visits in France .
As the prices of Euros falls, it makes better exchange rate which encourages tourists to plan trip
to France.
. There are many other destination across the world that offers competition to the tourism
industry in France. Other destinations includes China, India Italy and many more. India gets
attraction due to ancient culture and heritage restored within the country. India is famous for its
vivid colorful culture. In coming years it is expected to face many challenges by France due to
globalization. It may face environmental impact on tourism. To deal with such impacts “
Strategic Destination France 2010-2020” plan has been started by French Government. Such
issues could be handled properly with the growth of tourism all across the world where countries
are generating revenue from travel and tourism industry.
United Kingdom is one the most famous and popular tourist destination among the
tourists and tourism is the big source for revenue generation for the entire economy of the UK.
London has the highest number of tourists visitors because of presence of visitors attractions in
London(Mariani and et.al., 2014). Some of the most popular destination in London visited by
tourists are as follows: Coca Cola London Eye : Coca Cola London Eye is one of the most popular tourist
attraction and it is one the key attribute to the London's skyline providing breathtaking
views of the city from 32 capsules of it which has 10 tonnes of weight of each capsule
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and can hold around 25 individuals. Coca Cola London Eye is at the center of the
London city . Its experience is to showcase a view which is 360 degree that covers the
famous locations of London and it is considered as the most visited destination in the
past few years. Sea Life London Aquarium : Sea Life London aquarium consists of 500 species
including sharks, piranhas , Nome-style clown fish of marine life. It is one the most
famous destination of Sea life display. Visitors have enjoyment and fun whenever they
visit the place (Tyrväinen and et.al., 2014) . They always have an experience which is
worth remembering and interactive. It also provides the UK with the center for marine
life management and its conservation and preservation of marine species
 Tower of London : The Tower of London is a historic royal palace . It has the armory
section where the weapons used in the war are kept . It is a powerful castle that always
attract tourists. There are some other attractions as well which are: Jewels of Crown,
Prison , arsenal, Jewel house , zoo and many more. Tower of London is located on the
river bank of River Thames in Central London.
Tourism will tend to boom in future as well in United Kingdom due to following factors:
1. Social media promotion to promote tourism online among the people on social media
like Facebook, twitter , websites like visitbritain.com etc that promotes that attractions of
Britain .
2. UK government focuses on coastal resort to enhance tourists in the country.
3. There are several organizations that promotes Eco-tourism thereby increasing tourists
visits to the country.
TASK 2
Covered in PPT
TASK 3
3.1 Compare the appeal of current leading tourist destinations with that of currently developing
tourist destinations
Characteristics of tourist destination have impact on travel and tourism industry. Some of
the characteristics are listed below affecting tourism industry:
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 Economical
 Social
 Physical
 Political
Lets take example of Italy and North Korea to show difference in Characteristics that affects
tourist appeal.
Comparative table of Italy and North Korea.
Characteristic Italy North Korea
Climate Hot and dry summers, Wet and
cool winters.
Combination of four seasons.
Dry winters, warm summers,
humid and Koppen climate.
Population Estimated population is 60.8
million.
Estimated population is 25.16
million.
Physical Features  Peninsula surrounded
by Lonian, Tyrrhenian,
Adriatic , Ligurian
Seas.
 Varied
rivers,mountains,volca
noes.
 Physical attractions are
Adriatic Sea, Apennine
Mountains, Alps etc.
Located in east Asia. Border is
shared with China, Russia,
South Korea.
Medium sized mountains,
large hills, narrow valleys.
Physical attractions are Paektu
Mountain, Yalu River, Tumen
River and many more.
Religion Christianity Buddhism and Confucianism
and Christianity is also
followed by minority.
Festival January 1st New Year Day, Jan
6th Epiphany, Easter Sunday
and many more.
January 1st New Year Day,
Birth Day of Kim Jong : 16th
February, may Day Festival: 1st
May etc.
Language Italian Korean
Number of visitors visiting the destination has dependency on characteristics of destination
(Andergassen and et.al., 2013). The comparison among the countries Myanmar, North Korea
and Cuba is as follow.
 Culture
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All these countries are rich in heritage and culture that is capable enough to attract
tourists. Culture incorporates physical attributes that are inherited from the older generations and
are preserved for future generation.
 Entertainment
Entertainment is an appealing factor that attracts tourists to visit the destination.
Amusement parks , night life etc. appeals tourists seeking leisure. Gambling, cinemas and music
concerts plays a contributing factor in attracting tourists.
 Historic Features
Countries with historic features are greatly attracted by tourists. For eg, in China The
Great Wall of China has major tourist attraction. Historic features signifies the history
associated with it.
 Nature
Another factor that contributes in attracting tourists is nature . Beautiful surrounding with
natural waterfalls with birds chirping, dense forests and large mountains enhances beauty of the
place. Myanmar is reach in beaches. Country with beautiful beaches tend to receive large number
of tourists.
 Man made structures
Man made structure are build to gain attention of the tourists so that large number of
tourists can be attracted to the destination. Architecture of buildings and bridges appeals tourists .
3.2 Evaluate how characteristics of a tourist destination affect its appeal
Let's take an example of Myanmar to understand how characteristics affects appeal of a
tourist destination.
Myanmar is extracted from the Burmese Empire and is located at Southeast Asia.
Myanmar lies between latitudes 10° and 28° north. Capital of Myanmar is Naypyidaw that
means 'city of the kings'. Festivals celebrated are Ananda Temple Festival,, Popa
Ceremony,Kakku Festival etc. Buddhism is followed by people in Myanmar.
Characteristic Description
Languages Burmese
Climate Tropical monsoon climate. Average
temperature :22°C to 27°C .
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Attractions of Myanmar Inle lake, Shwenandaw, Shwedagon Pagoda
etc.
Population Estimated population is 54 million.
Physical Characteristics  Located near Indian ocean.
 Rich in mountains, river valleys, hills.
Tourism in Myanmar: Tourism industry of Myanmar generates more than 2.5 million
visitors every year. Tourism sector is one of the main sources of revenue generation in Myanmar.
Advocacy groups promotes tourism for economic development of the country. GDP of Myanmar
is 64.87 billion USD in 2015. Myanmar has soothing climate, varied culture and historic places
that attracts large number of tourists. The government of Myanmar has designed and constructed
safeguards to make sure safety and protection of environment from impacts of tourism.
Following factors are required to be considered that affects appeal to a tourist destination.
Physical Characteristics: Publicity plays an important role in the tourism industry. It may have
positive as well as negative impact on the tourists (Bergad, 2007). For example, In Myanmar
connectivity is the major problem. There is no availability of train or bus services to travel into
another country. In order to make comfort authorities provide services to the tourists so that they don't
bear difficulties to reach destination. Services like maps can be provided to reach the
destination, information center can be provided to query for help.
Political characteristics: TUI and its business activities gets affected by the political changes.
There are different political conditions around the world. Depending on the type of political
change a country is facing, country's attractiveness gets affected. Many political issues makes a
country unsafe to stay and explore and thereby decreases number of visitors in the country.
 Crime is a crucial factor to be considered. A country which has crime issues would not
be chosen by tourist to visit the destination even if it is rich in other segments. Safety is
prime factor consider by everyone. Lower crime rate would appeal higher number of
tourists.
 Terrorism is the most important and crucial issue affecting the inflow of tourists in a
country. If any country is facing terrorists attacks and the risk of terror is high then
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naturally people would not prefer to visit that destination ever because safety is the
major issue to be concerned. Lets take another example of China. Due to issues between Taipei and Beijing tourism
has dropped down to 20% . Thus, political unrest has to resolve its political issues to
make it popular tourist destination in allover the world. Though the country is locate in
such a large geographical area and is reasonable for the traveler to visit the place. But
still the tourism has become poor in the country because of political issues.
Economic Characteristics: Economic changes can leave negative impact on the tourism
industry. Increasing cost of infrastructure and exchange rates directly affects tourism sector
(Travel and tourism, 2016). Expansion of airport Chartres up high entry fee which increases
burden on the tourist.
TASK 4
4.1 Analyze issues that affect the popularity of tourist destinations
TUI Travel Group is working for sustainable development in tourism sector. Sustainable
tourism aims at the concept of trying to make positive impact on the environment and society
due to tourists. Two basic factors are required to be considered in sustainable tourism . First is
use of resources and impact on climate. Number of visitors visiting increases pollution that could
be water, air or noise. Smoke emitted from vehicles affects monuments and causes several
disease. Sustainable tourism aims at conservation and preservation of resources. Local people
running businesses should promote messages of environment protection. Number of tourists
visiting any destination should be managed so that environment damage can be prevented
otherwise the place would loss it beauty (Tyrväinen and et.al., 2014). There should be strict laws
by the government to ensure what things can be brought to the place. TUI aims at providing
better traveling experience to the customers (Holiday trend, 2015) .But several issues are
involved that affects popularity of a tourist destination and hence tourism industry as well. Let's
take an example of United Kingdom.
Political issues: Tourism industry has negative impact due to tourism leakage as more than 80%
of the revenue generated from tourism goes to airlines and hotels but not benefiting local people.
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 If we take an example of UK, they have political stability which results into high number
of tourists inflow in their country. The risk of terrorism is lesser there which attracts
tourist to explore their country concerning safety measures.
Economic issues: Packages that are offered to the tourists also affects the tourism industry as
local businesses such as coffee shops , bar and pubs are not benefited due to inclusive packages.
Such packages are highly expensive that would reflect that the destination also incurs high cost
which would ultimately affect tourism in the country.
Transportation issues: Government bodies provide various policies in travel and tourism sector
to promote tourism in their country. Thus , an import role is played by government in this sector.
In earlier days only local government was responsible for the development and growth of
tourism (Buda and et.al., 2013). Earlier when railway services became better and convenient way
of transportation and travel, tourism at that time started acquiring popularity.
Environmental issues: High number of tourists visiting has negative impact also as it would
increase pollution in the city (Dale, 2005). Pollution would have adverse impact on the
environment. Pollution gives rise to various diseases.
 If a region is prone to natural disaster then it would directly affect the popularity of that
destination. Nobody wants to be in such place where they do not feel safe.
4.2 Discuss the potential for responsible tourism to enhance the host community at worldwide
tourist destinations
Responsible tourism aims at
creating destination better and
safe to visit and stay. It is the
responsibility of government
to ensure security and
protection of destinations.
Responsible tourism ensure
people involved in it are paid
fair payments. Respecting
It is also needed to
ensure cultural and
social life of the area
remains protected. TUI
ensures sustainable
tourism (Dahles,
2013).Tourism industry
provides employment
opportunities to 1 out
Tourism industry
created job
opportunities for
various people and
helped in economic
growth of the country.
Harmful impacts are
needed to be reduced to
enhance overall. profit.
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culture and customs of the
country should be ensured. In
UK, every year number of
visitors are increasing due to
popularity and stable political
conditions. Thus, impact of
tourism in UK should be
minimized because due to
tourism various factors such as
emission of pollutants due to
transportation vehicles directly
affects environment. TUI aims
at avoiding harmful impacts of
tourism on country's economy
and society.
of 12 people. Directly
or indirectly tourism
sector is benefiting
people. Tourism
organizations provide
funds to various
heritage organizations
to preserve culture and
historic sites. United
world tourism
organizations promotes
several activities of
tourism to enhance
revenue that is
generated from tourism
industry and supports
local businesses.
Ecotourism is
emerging these days
with the aim of
building environmental
awareness, financial
help to preserve
attractions of
destination (Fyall and
et.al., 2009). Tourism
activities promote
preservation of natural
beauty and it also aims
at supporting local
business.
CONCLUSION
From the study on tourist destinations various aspects such as scope , factors that are
responsible for affecting tourist destinations, visitors number and income generated from the
tourism industry, cultural and physical features of tourist destinations have been examined. It has
been found that London is one of the major cities that experiences large inflow of tourists due to
presence of various tourists attractions. Sustainable tourism is the need of today's world. Several
factors contributes to the popularity of destinations. Certain factors are responsible for negative
publicity of the destination which is needed to be minimized. With the increase in business
opportunities it is expected that scope in tourism industry will gain growth in coming years.
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