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Failure of Peacekeeping Mission

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Added on  2020-05-04

Failure of Peacekeeping Mission

   Added on 2020-05-04

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Running head: FAILURE OF PEACEKEEPING MISSIONFailure of Peacekeeping missionName of the studentName of the universityAuthor note
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1FAILURE OF PEACEKEEPING MISSIONIntroduction In the current global political scenario, one of the key issues being faced by theinternational community is the attack on humanity. This is due to the reason that, recent years arebeing stuffed with the incidents of terrorism, civil wars and wars, which eventually lead to themass destruction and death of millions (Laqueur 2016). Thus, the current scenario is facing thehuge crisis in the field of humanity. Moreover, this trend is rapidly increasing with morecountries are being affected by terrorism and civil wars are being emerging in different regions.However, in this case, United Nations have a greater role to play in reducing the implications ofthese activities and preventing their future emergence (Hultman, Kathman and Shannon 2013).On the other hand, there are various cases where it is being seen that, in some countries thepeacekeeping mission of United Nations failed terribly due to various reasons. The two most notorious and infamous incidents of civil war, where the peacekeepingmission of United Nations failed are in Rwanda and Somalia. This essay will discuss about theincidents of mass destruction being happened in these countries and their implications.Moreover, it will also be discussed about the shortcomings of peacekeeping mission of UnitedNations in these two countries (Dwyer 2015). Accordingly a few recommendations will bediscussed in this essay in order to assist the institution to prevent the origination of sameincidents in future. Civil war in Rwanda In 1994, civil war emerged in Rwanda between the ethnic groups of Tutsi and Hutu. Thedifference between the Tutsi and Hutu was being emerged since the independence of Rwanda.The difference between them is mainly on the religious lines. However, the issues between them
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2FAILURE OF PEACEKEEPING MISSIONare mainly remained in smaller terms. Only in 1994, this existing issue got enlarged in to being acivil war and mass destruction of the millions of people (Yanagizawa-Drott 2014). The genocidebegan when the government of Rwanda dominated by Hutu groups started ethnic cleansing byexecuting the people from Tutsi community. This is due to the reason that, the then president ofBurundi was being killed and it was being concluded that, the Tutsi rebel group is responsible. Itwas being estimated that, nearly 500000 to 1000000 people are being killed in the civil war. The genocide got worse when Rwandan Patriotic Front representing the victimized Tutsigroup involved in the conflict. They were heavily armed and fought with the governmentcoalition force (Mamdani 2014). This in turn caused displacement of approximately more than2000000 Hutus. Thus, more than 70 percent of the total populations of Rwanda are directly andindirectly affected. In addition, the economy of the country crippled, which further lead to theorigination of the issues such as poverty, income inequality and malnutrition (Schaal et al. 2012).Further investigation in this matter revealed that, various government heads, military heads andother political elites were involved in committing this genocide in view to acquire the control ofthe country. Moreover, France and some other countries are also being accused for supportingand equipping the government coalition army. Failure of United Nations peacekeeping mission The key motive of peacekeeping mission of United Nations is to create stability in thewar torn regions and protecting the civilians from the militias. In addition, peacekeeping missionis also being carried out for countering the rebel or terrorist groups in different affected regions.In the case of Rwanda, the key objectives of the peacekeeping mission are the protection of thecivilians, reducing the face-offs between the government coalition army and the rebel groups and
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3FAILURE OF PEACEKEEPING MISSIONto maintain the stability in the region (Brattberg 2012). However, contrary to the popular beliefs,the peacekeeping mission in Rwanda failed to provide any solutions to the issues. There arevarious reasons that are being identified later as the cause of failures of the peacekeepingmission. One of the key reasons is the contradictory behavior of the major allies in the world.This is due to the fact that, countries such as France and Belgium had not shown any interest insolving the civil war in Rwanda. On the other hand, France contributed and helped thegovernment coalition forces to execute the rebels (Wallis 2014). Thus, a consensus has not beingcreated among the major economies in the world. This affected the decision making policy todeal with the issue of Rwanda. American factorThe second issue being identified is the lack of intervention of America in this issue.Being one of the leading superpower in the world, America is one of the prominent politicalpillars in determining the global policy especially in the policy of United Nations (Jacobson2012). However, in the case of Rwanda, America had not shown the interest in intervening intheir domestic matter, which further de-motivated the other world powers to not get involved inthe case. This is due to the reason that, the case of Rwanda was emerged during their presidentialelection during the tenure of Bill Clinton. Moreover, due to the death of American Rangers inRwanda, it becomes difficult for President Clinton to continue the keep the Americanpeacekeepers due to the fear of having more casualties, which will provoke the American peopleto give their mandate against Clinton (Cunliffe 2012).Due to the fact that, America is one of the major contributors in terms of providingmanpower and equipments in the peacekeeping mission of the United Nation, lack of
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