Domestic Violence Against Men: A Study

This assignment delves into the critical issue of domestic violence against men. It involves conducting a study to understand the prevalence, contributing factors, and societal perceptions surrounding this often-overlooked form of abuse. The research will analyze data on male victims, examining their experiences, challenges in reporting abuse, and the effectiveness of support systems available to them.

Female-on-male domestic
abuse

ABSTRACT
Domestic violence against women is quite common but when it comes to men, views of
society differs to a great extent. It is because of dominating nature of men in the society and their
aggression towards the women. Owing to this, issue related to violence against male is neglected
and they are provided less public services in comparison to women. There are several studies
reflect that women and men are about equally contributing towards initiate domestic violence on
almost similar causes. However outcome of such kind activities might be severe for any of the
parties and accordingly create disturbance in entire family.
The study aims to analyze the scenario of female-on-male domestic abuse in context of
public services and society. In this regard, factors affecting or contributing towards such kind of
violence against men by women have been presented by referring varied studies. Along with that
consequences of such kind of issues have also been disseminated.
The study is based on qualitative type of investigation under which social media as
effective tool has been applied for collection of primary data. For this purpose, questionnaire
method has been adopted through which respondents provide their response and accordingly 50
people will be considered as the sample.
The findings shows that financial aspects, unemployment, care of children are some of
the important aspects which tends to from the abusive relationship. In addition to this, proper
public services should be provided for the protection. Moreover, awareness programs should be
there along with easy access to health care services.

TABLE OF CONTENTS
CHAPTER 1: Introduction..............................................................................................................5
1.1 Background............................................................................................................................5
1.2 Rationale of the study............................................................................................................6
1.3 Research aim and objectives..................................................................................................6
1.4 Structure of the study.............................................................................................................7
CHAPTER 2: LITERATURE REVIEW.........................................................................................8
2.1 Introduction............................................................................................................................8
2.2 The reason behind domestic violence against male ..............................................................8
2.3 Publicly available services for male victim.........................................................................11
2.4 The consequences of domestic violence..............................................................................12
CHAPTER 3: RESEARCH METHODOLOGY ..........................................................................15
3.1 Introduction..........................................................................................................................15
3.2 Type of investigation...........................................................................................................15
3.3 Research design...................................................................................................................15
3.4 Research approach...............................................................................................................16
3.5 Research philosophy............................................................................................................16
3.6 Sampling design...................................................................................................................17
3.7 Data collection.....................................................................................................................18
3.8 Data analysis .......................................................................................................................18
3.9 Research limitations.............................................................................................................19
3.9 Ethical consideration ...........................................................................................................19
CHAPTER 4: DATA ANALYSIS................................................................................................21
4.1 Introduction..........................................................................................................................21
4.2 Thematic analysis................................................................................................................21
CHAPTER 5: CONCLUSION AND CONCLUSION..................................................................35
5.1 Conclusion...........................................................................................................................35
5.2 Recommendations................................................................................................................36
REFERENCES..............................................................................................................................39
APPENDIX:QUESTIONNAIRE..................................................................................................41

ACKNOWLEDGE
The completion of entire report without taking help of anybody is quite typical task. I got
the immense support from my mentor and colleagues in the process of data collection and
analysis. Hence, I would like to impart my sincere thank for their great support. Furthermore, I
would also extend my sincere thank to friend of mine who helped me in completing the entire
study and methodology section.

CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION
1.1 Background
Domestic violence against men is experienced by boys or men in an intimate relationship
such as dating, cohabitation and marriage etc. On the other hand, women who suffer from
domestic violence are encouraged to report of the same to their respective authorities. However,
men suffer many issues while doing the same as they need to prove it with lot of efforts along
with evidence. It is has been heard that violence between men and women is very common into
domestic relationship. Most of the studies reveal that men are more violent than women but there
are some areas where women behave in a more aggressive manner with their partners. It can be
in several ways under which women are likely to be killed by their former or current partners due
to severe injury. Furthermore, majority of the cases reflect that women do kill their partners
during the phase of domestic violence (Wilson and Jasinski, 2004). This kind of domestic
violence covers emotional or psychological abuse, sexual and physical violence.
There are several studies reflect that women and men are about equally contributing
towards initiate domestic violence on almost similar causes. However outcome of such kind
activities might be severe for any of the parties and accordingly create disturbance in entire
family (Men and domestic violence: what research tells us, 2017). Also, it has become personal
problem rather issue related to society. However, it is highly ignored by the society due to
several unveil issue of abuse related to women. It is considered that normally in every society
men are more dominating and stronger gender who usually not allow female to dominate.
Another fact is that male victims generally do not freely admit that are being violated from the
female side (Swan and et. al., 2008). It is the major reason they do not go for professional
assistance. At the same time, information societal control too affect such kind of practices where
it take time to get that male is abused by female.
At this juncture, it is important to shed light on point of view of nursing, policy and
society so that appropriate action can be taken against such kind of practices. However, pre-
defined belief that male are more aggressive, sometimes becomes typical as they cannot go to
report for the abuse. It is because in-depth inquiry leads to get them a label of aggressor even in
case of domestic violence against men (Domestic violence against men, 2017).

1.2 Rationale of the study
Domestic violence is prevalent in a general community and it is affecting all individual
in term of socioeconomic status, age and sexual orientation. Along with that, race, religion and
nationality are also covered. Generally lack of understanding become the common reason and
accordingly individual or partners face issue in living together. It is the main reason that physical
violence also take place along with emotionally abusive and controlling behavior as part of a
systematic pattern of control and dominance. It is very important to conduct research in this areas
and find out potential causes behind the same so that appropriate action can be taken to resolve
such kind of situations among partners. Furthermore, these kind of activities affect individual to
a great extent and they cannot leave their relationship due to several reasons.
The cases of physical or emotional abuse against men is increasing day by day which
create indiscipline into the society. This has direct impact on personal as well as professional life
of male partners and they cannot focus on their routine activities. Also, such kind of personal life
tend to increase stress level. Owing to this, current study is being conducted to find the reasons
behind domestic violence against men and potential ways to stop the same. It would be effective
to discover several factors and meet the requirement of all associated parties.
1.3 Research aim and objectives
The research aim and objectives of the study are stated as follows which shed light on
actual requirement of the study. This is helpful for scholar to access appropriate source of
information and accordingly draw valid outcome for the study-
Aim
To analyze the scenario of female-on-male domestic abuse in context of public services
and society
Objectives
 To identify the reasons behind domestic violence against men
 To examine the consequences of domestic violence against men for both partners; male
and female
 To recommend different ways to reduce domestic violence against men

1.4 Structure of the study
The structure of dissertation must be effective to present its findings and focus on results
of the same. For this purpose, appropriate structure of the dissertation is selected to present the
outcome effectively. The structure of current dissertation has been explained as follows- Chapter 1: Introduction- The chapter of introduction consists of information related to
topic under investigation. It broadly covers background, research aim and objectives,
rationale of the study etc so as that readers can clarify the scenario by referring even the
first chapter of the study. It proves detail overview behind the rationale of the study and
potential benefits of the same. Chapter 2: Literature review-The literature review section of the study is considered as
the most important chapter as it is completed by referring previous studies on the same
topic. This helps researcher to develop deep understanding of the study and adopt the
effective procedure for completion of the same bring valid outcome. It consists of major
portion of entire dissertation by dissemination of valid outcome regarding the selected
topic. Chapter 3: Research methodology-Third chapter of dissertation is of research
methodology under which all important information related to methods of data collection,
research design, philosophy and data collection as well as analysis are added. This
chapter is completed with detail discussion of methods and justification of the selected
one. Chapter 4: Data analysis-After the completion of research methodology section,
research moves to the next chapter as of data analysis. Under this, all collected data are
analyzed in the light of research aim and objectives. Furthermore, in-depth analysis is
done to reach the reach aim and present the findings in a more effective manner.
 Chapter 5: Conclusion and recommendations-It is the last chapter of the dissertation
which provide the conclusive form in the line of research objective. This chapter is
summary of data analysis and literature review. Furthermore, suggestions art also covered
to meet the last objective of the study under which scholar propose ways to reduce the
domestic violence against male.

CHAPTER 2: LITERATURE REVIEW
2.1 Introduction
Literature review chapter provide detail overview about the selected topic as varied
previous studies are considered for the same. Here, sources like journals, books and online
articles are referred for collection of data. The current study also use varied source of
information in order to develop deep understanding of author and enable him to explore
appropriate source so as to produce valid outcome. However, researcher can effectively explore
the valid information in accordance with collected information. This proves to be the most
effective for researcher to extract valid outcome. In addition to this, literature review is done
with the help of framed research aim and objectives. This aids to construct appropriate themes
and accordingly complete the entire chapter of literature review. Moreover, this chapter also
includes that theoretical framework and models for exploring more information about the topic.
2.2 The reason behind domestic violence against male
As per the view of Bowyer, Swanston and Vetere (2015) over the past few years, there
has been a significant increase in the domestic violence carried out by females against their male
partners. Furthermore, the main problem associate here is that the assaults faced by men in terms
of domestic violence are completely ignored by police. According to the data published in the
Sun, it has been observed that more than 5500 girlfriends and wives has been convicted in terms
of carrying out domestic violence or assaulting their male partners. On the other side, the issue
has emerged as Taboo because majority of the male victims feels ashamed in context of taking
and sharing their experience about the domestic abuse and violence which they have faced. Most
of the time, biasness is carried out among men and women and this has also become a major
challenge which needs to be overcome. Has explained that most of time women thinks that they
have right to control their partners and for this purpose they often make use of practices such as
domestic violence and abuse. On the other side of this, has critically argued that the increasing
consumption of drugs and alcohol among women and this can be termed as another major cause
behind the domestic violence against male.
According Lichenstein and Johnson (2009)the dangerous pattern of behavior of women
should be understood at first in order to identify the cause behind such kind of issues. The first
one is violence prone behaviour women are actually the victim of their own aggression and

violence. At this juncture, they show all their aggression on male partners and pressurize them to
follow whatever they order for. This kind of practices affect their relationship to a great extent.
At this juncture, it is important to shed light on behavior of individual or female in a relationship
so that effectively its impact can be seen on relationship. It proves to be effective for individual
to focus upon having peaceful life. On the other hand, abused as child is another important fact
which shows that a person who is abused in the childhood will definitely behave in certain
manner. Such kind of circumstances do affect the human behavior to a great extent where they
need support from each other for managing the situation in a more effective manner.
In some of the relationship men consider the attack of female as funny or cute. It is
because they hit through things in some complicated situation which are generally considered as
the more common. It can be critically evaluated women with alcohol and drug make huge
difference and problem of conflicts between partners. Owing to this, such kind of situation is
resolved with the help of taking medication. Though, inappropriate situation tend to affect
human situation in a very bad manner. Apart from this, eating disorder among female also
become the potential reason behind their higher level of aggression and affect them in
completing all related task. Kracke and Hahn (2008) asserted that border line personality
disorder on the hand affect the relationship of individual. Here, women do not have idea
regarding their work and they are doing worst with their partners. It would affect their living
badly and accordingly they find issue in managing their personal life in a most appropriate
manner.
According to Walby and Allen (2004) other mental illness which consists of bipolar
disorder and malignant as well as attention deficit disorder have direct impact on the violent
behavior of an individual. Such kind of situation might prove very difficult for male partner to
tolerate the aggression of his own partner. This is because female partner who is suffering from
such kind of disease tend to behave in a very abnormal manner which become the potential
reason behind their higher level of dissatisfaction. This must need suitable solution for effective
bonding of both partners and ensuring well being of each other. Worcester (2002) further argued
that Psychopaths female partner is another potential reason behind increasing the domestic
violence against men. It can be understood with the help of three common indicators where men
is at risk from psychopathic partner in terms of paranoia, psychostimulants, and weapons. Here,

common factors of such kind of partners include pathological lying, grandiosity and short
attention span as well as manipulativeness etc. However, generally many of the women suffer
from the issue of emotional feelings. This in turn they seems that their partners are not
understanding their feelings and accordingly get dissatisfaction from the same. These kind of
situation make their relationship more critical and effect them. Though, emotional problem of
female partner forces them to opt abusive and violent behavior. In this situation domestic
violence occur with male partners and again they get in contact with depression and higher level
of tension.
According to Miller and Meloy (2006) there are many other forms of female aggression
include money and jealousy through which they hurt their male partner. Here, the first point of
money is considered under which it is observed that aggression level of women increased by
throwing things or hitting. Most of the time, there remain a common issue of money. Here, most
of the time, they feel scarcity of money and they start taking tension which then again reduces
their mental balance and affect their stable life in a very bad manner. It reflects that financial
stability matter a lot for better relationship of male and female. This is because when a person
find issue when he or she cannot manage the expenses and income effective for having better life
style. Generally female expect money from their partner to complete their routine activities. It
can be critically evaluated that, most of the female find their source of income at their own and
manage the same accordingly. Though, many of the times they do not get the good job and might
leave because of personal reason. Such kind of situations tend to disturb life of male partners and
other related affairs of their personal life.
On the other hand, jealousy on the hand, force women to attack on men in several
manner. For example, if a male partners is talking to another female for the purpose of business
and personal issues then it might make the women more aggressive. It is because they cannot
tolerate the excessive talking of male partner with another one. Such kind of situation tend to
affect their life to a great extent and make it more impossible for them manage the normal life in
an effectual manner. However, these kind of reasons are not identified by the society as they
considered as the most common.

2.3 Publicly available services for male victim
The study of Grady (2002) revealed that domestic violence is constructed socially as acts
done by female are generally ignored. He stated that crime which is taking place is society is
stereotype. It can be critically evaluated that legislation are framed on the basis of external
principles through which social belief is developed that crime is not social acceptable. However,
it is found that injury cause to both partners during the domestic violence but still the cases
reported for the abuse is less for men. It can be critically evaluated that they are suffered a lot
from abused relationship. Furthermore, Grady reported that female are getting advantages in
term of violence because of assumption of society that male always considered as dominant
partner. However, criminal system must initiate to adopt appropriate procedure in order to
protect the physical abuse among partners and support their peaceful life. Here, public services
such as police and social services are considered that how effectively they are contributing
towards securing right of an individual. However, crime is initiated on the basis of pressure
group, social idea and media where focus is laid on on the violence of male against female only.
Here, the fact remains non discovered which tend to affect life of people to a great extent. It is
the major reason that crime is increasing and male face issue in getting the advantage of public
services effectively.
At this juncture, people should be supported with the regulations and appropriate public
services. However, they face issue related to providing evidence of the fact in order to promote
their better life. For this purpose, efforts are put to show the evidence and accordingly resolve the
critical situation which is being faced by particular male through their female partner. On a
critical note, violence must be noticed by public services also so that male do not feel shame to
report for the same. It would be effective to reduce the level of stress they have. In addition to
this, study conducted by Grady reflects that availability of public services make the procedure of
fair treatment with male victim. At this juncture, necessary services related to police, justice or
court related provided for men in order to protect their right and get rid of abusive relationship.
However, many of the times it happens that services are not provided properly due to lack of
evidence and stereotype of domestic abuse do not allow people to file their complaints. For this
purpose, appropriate regulations can be formed for betterment of people or other parties to
promote good relationship and freedom of both partners. On a critical note, Hoyle and Young

(2002) police fail to notice the issue related to female on male domestic violence. Although, both
are equally liable for the conflicts which is taking place between them. It is because of lack of
understanding among both of them. Furthermore, female partners become more aggressive for
their self defense in case of conflict between partners. It is the major reason that men have to
suffer from abusive relationship. At this juncture, it is important to have necessary legislation
which support effective relationship among partners and prevent the criminal aspects among
them.
2.4 The consequences of domestic violence
It can be stated that domestic violence can impact the overall health and well being of a
person to a great extent. On the other hand, Jewkes, Flood and Lang (2015) has expressed that
domestic violence can results in different kinds of mental, physical and sexual injuries to male.
In some cases domestic violence carried out by women also results in bring up different types of
social economic problems. The serious consequences of domestic abuse also includes loss of
earnings and sometimes employment. As per the view of Pain (2014) the mental health condition
of males can be triggered with such kind of violence and abuse by their female partners. Apart
from this, the feeling of depression is another major consequences of such kind of abuse. Males
suffering from domestic violence suffers in both personal as well as professional life. Changes in
appetite, weight loss, loss of interest and energy level in different activities are some other
consequences which has been faced by males who suffer from domestic violence (Modi, Palmer
and Armstrong, 2014).
According to Kracke and Hahn (2008) domestic violence against men tend to affect the
personal life of both partners. In this manner, their personal life get affected to a greater level
which in turn do not support them to manage the life events in an effectual manner. Generally
higher level of aggression against male make them more disturbed towards their personal and
professional life both. Owing to this, they become less able to manage their personal and
professional life accordingly as they find issue in reducing the work load in a most effective
manner. Here, the work load can be understood in context of conflicts in a family and burden in
office or professional life. However, study conducted by Hines, Brown, and Dunning (2007)
revealed that male victims faced physical abuse due to their female partners. They further found
that 90% experienced controlling behaviors through, many of them reported frustrating

experiences in term of criminal justice system. However, they reflected that history of domestic
violence is persistent just because of mental illness, alcohol and drug related issues of partners.
At the same time, in case male partners try to control the situation then they face issue related to
suicidal acts of female partners. This actions create sense of fear among them and threaten their
entire experience to a great extent. Owing to this, suitable actions cannot be taken by them and
they face the greater level of stress in managing their personal life effectively.
On the other hand, Hines and Douglas (2009) explained that there is regulation for
arresting responsible partner in case of domestic violence incidents. For example, certain policies
are formed by jurisdictions for mandatory or preferred arrest. It can be critically evaluated that,
issue is faced in arresting the female partners as the incidents are not reported on time just
because of different perspective of individual. However, the number of cases are very high which
reflect that both are suffering from severe issue related to conflicts and unable to manage their
personal situation effectively. Though, results have not been drawn due to complex cases and
lack of promote solution of the same kind of situation. It shows that female part got the
advantages of the same in performing their task effectively. This reason is also increasing the
domestic violence against the male.
Here, male feel greater level of depression and they do not find their place to be more
effective and supportive for his life. Still, they survive in abusive relationship due to several
reason. The first and foremost reason is of blame and dependency of male on abuser for the sake
of survival. The another critical factor is attached with their children under which male find it is
easy to stay their kids and for their better life. However, they suffer from pain and stress still they
decide to live in the abusive relationship. Hines and Douglas (2010) critically evaluated that,
they have right to leave the relations but they want to accompany their partners for better life
styles and supporting each other. Furthermore, hope of having everything good is also the
another aspect which enable them to stay in abusive relationship. This in turn they focus on the
similar approach and try to compromise such kind of situation. It tends to bring two kind of
results where the first can be favourable and other can be worst. Here, favourable outcome is
extracted with the help of mutual understand. Through, the same cannot be possible without
cooperation of male partners. In this manner, wait for longer time span might become very
typical for male partners.

According to Miller and Meloy (2006) victim of abuse relationship or male partners
many a times come in the contact of physical or mental health state just because of domestic
violence. Here, they just want to move out of such kind of relationship but boundation affect
them to stay in the same. This is the major reason such commit suicide and some switch to
another country to get rid of their abuser or female partner. However, physical abused male
suffer from internal bleeding, bruises and broken bones as they got suffer from their female
partners. At the same time, trust issue develop among them and both start avoiding each other for
their own peace of mind. Kracke and Hahn (2008) asserted that impact of domestic violence are
very bad under which panic attack and anxiety occur to male partners. This in turn they start to
get addict with bad habits of taking more liquor and night out for many days etc. This in turn
become another potential reason behind conflict among both partners. Apart from this, health
risk factors of domestic violence consists of several risk such as chronic pain, suicide attempt
and brain damage etc. At the same time, sexually transmitted disease do have impact on male
partners as they might become wild doing the same. In this manner, their level of dissatisfaction
increases day by day. Worcester (2002) reported that abused man start feeling the need of care
home and it incur cost for the government of nation. It is because lack of financial resources and
health related issues tend to access free treatment for such kind of people. For this purpose,
higher cost is incurred on different kind of activities. Thus, increased cost of health care is the
negative sign for entire economic of particular nation. It is because such cost is increased
intentional which affect common citizen or community. In this manner, it becomes important to
shed light on varied issues which are being faced by male partners. Though, the focus might not
be fruitful due to higher level of aggression among female. Moreover, abused men are generated
suffered through several factors such as depression, stress and psychological perspective effect.
This tend to affect their entire lives and do not allow them to explore their career opportunities in
more effective manner. Among all these factors, depression remains at top whereby people are
highly affected from several kind of disease.

CHAPTER 3: RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
3.1 Introduction
Research methodology refers to systematic plan for conducting the research by
considering the qualitative and quantitative methods. Without application of effective tools for
data collection and analysis research cannot draw valid outcome. Owing to this, research
methodology chapter is very important which shed light on procedures and methodology selected
to reach the fruitful results along with justification of the most suitable strategy. Basically,
research methodology covers research design, philosophy, data collection as well as data analysis
methods. The methodologies covers for current study has been explained as follows-
3.2 Type of investigation
It is considered to be the most important part of research methodology under which
particular type of investigation is selected. There are two types of investigation such as
qualitative and quantitative and application of the same is based on requirement of the study.
Generally, qualitative type of investigation is used to conduct in-depth analysis of the collected
data whereas quantitative one is used to identify the relationship of one variable on other. This
shows that researcher can select more than two variables in order to carry out the study along
with assessment of relationship among them (Silverman, 2016). The study on assessing the
scenario of domestic violence against male in context of publicly available services, is based on
both qualitative and quantitative type of investigation. The main reason behind selecting both
kind of investigation is to carry out the in-depth analysis and draw valid outcome on the basis of
collected information. However, the available of time scale and funding with research support to
select the most suitable method for drawing valid outcome. In this manner, qualitative and
quantitative both methodology are selected. Therefore, selected methodology is most effective
to meet the purpose of investigation and draw valid outcome for the same.
3.3 Research design
There are different research designs such as descriptive, exploratory and explanatory. The
selection of research design is done on the basis of requirement of the study and other related
aspects which are considered by the research. According to the given scenario, researcher is
specific towards fund and time available to complete the study. For this purpose, descriptive
research design has been used for carrying out in-depth analysis. However, exploratory research

shed light on exploring something new for the purpose of meaningful insight so as to draw valid
outcome (Vaioleti, 2016). Similarly, explanatory research design is based of cause and effect
relationship. Here, scholar focuses on identifying the impact of one variable on another which
proves to be effective to reach the aim of the investigation. However, qualitative type of
investigation usually uses the descriptive research design. It enables scholars to collect
appropriate information and present ht findings of the study in a most effective manner. It shows
that descriptive research design has been applied in the current study whereby it becomes easy to
effectively clarify the scenario of the dissertation in the mind of researcher. Thus, selection of
descriptive research design is considered as the most effective to accomplish research aim and
objectives in a most effective manner.
3.4 Research approach
Research approach refers to the process or pattern applied by scholar to collect the
information. Deductive and inductive are two common types of research approaches used in the
study. The pattern of deductive approach start with generalization of information and then
researcher move towards the specific content of the same. However, varied sources are used for
the purpose of application of deductive approach and accordingly find problem of research is
identified. On the other hand, inductive research approach starts with specific investment as
analysis of the particular problem and then specific outcome is drawn. This shows that present
study uses deductive research approach for effective completion of the entire study and reaching
the outcome of the same (Karp and et. al., 2016). Apart from this, both approaches are very
different and application of the same bring unique outcome for the investigation. At this juncture,
deductive approach has been utilized for the current investigation for better understanding of
concept associated with domestic violence against male and accordingly specific outcome such
ass whether public services are supportive for male or not. Hence, application of deductive
approach contributes towards drawing valid outcome and making it more specific for
approaching the end results in a right manner (Clandinin, Cave and Berendonk, 2017).
3.5 Research philosophy
Interpretivism and positivism are two types of research philosophy which affect the
outcome of investigation to a great extent. It reflects that assumption, belief and value of the
researcher towards a particular topic of research whereby it becomes easy to carry out entire

work effectively. However, philosophy of research proves to be effective to define the integrated
idea regarding different approaches applied by scholar for the purpose of completion of study.
However, application of positivism research philosophy is generally applied under quantitative
type of investigation through which it becomes easy to draw valid outcome. Furthermore,
interpretivism research philosophy shed light on several aspects of single fact and it is based on
knowledge of researcher to analyze the same (Caillaud, Rose and Goepp, 2016). This is the main
reason the current study is base don interpretivism research philosophy so as to understand the
reason behind domestic violence against make which is generally done through female. It proves
to be effective to follow the flexible approach for collection as well as analysis of the data.
However, research already have some knowledge about the availability of public service like
police and court for male domestic violence. Hence it would be effective to select interpretivism
philosophy and ensure to conduct the entire study in a structured manner.
3.6 Sampling design
Sampling is considered as the most important aspect for collection of information. It is
the general fact that entire population cannot be accessed for collection of information. Owing to
this, sampling design is selected to reach the respondents and collect data from them. There are
two types of sampling design such as probabilistic and non-probabilistic where the selection of
the most appropriate method is base don requirement of the dissertation. These both techniques
involve different kind of sampling designs such as stratified, cluster, simple random and
purposive as well as snowball. However, majority of the time, sampling designs such as
stratified, random and systematic sampling are used for the ease of the study (Snowball
Sampling, 2017).
The study on analysis of scenario of Female on male domestic violence, snowball
sampling has been employed. This comes under non-probabilistic sampling where research does
not have equal probability to get the participants selected the research. However, the main reason
behind selecting this sampling design is that participants are hard to find. Owing to this, initially
some participants would be found and then they will be requested to involve others. This
facilitates to carry out study effectively because without application of such kind of sampling
design studies on selected topic cannot be carried out. Furthermore, the topic of research is very
sensitive, hence, selection of snowball sampling is the most effective. However, sampling size

matters a lot and accordingly researcher need to select a particular number of people for conduct
the entire study. For this purpose, 50 male victim are selected in accordance with snowball
sampling. It proves better understanding related to role of publicly available services for men.
3.7 Data collection
Data collection is another important part of research methodology under which researcher
collect data from varied sources. Basically, there are two types of data such as primary and
secondary where the previous one are collected at first hand. On the other hand, secondary data
is gathered from already available sources such as journals, books and online article etc.
However, primary data is collected from sources like interview, observation and questionnaire
method. The most appropriate method is selected on the basis of requirement of the study and
nature of the same so that accordingly researcher can be gather the information. However, the
current study uses both kind of information such as primary and secondary data for the purpose
of collecting information effectively to produce valid outcome (Vaioleti, 2016). Questionnaire
method has been applied for collection of primary data. Here, structured questionnaire is
prepared which includes all close ended question under which researcher provide multiple
options for respondents. Apart from this, all mentioned sources of information are used for
gathering secondary data. It aids to meet the research aim and objectives effectively and propose
the suggestions for the same in a precise manner. In this manner, both kind of information is
collected fro drawing valid outcome.
3.8 Data analysis
Data analysis refers to the process of analyzing the collected data in the direction of
research aim and objectives. The basic techniques used for data analysis are qualitative and
quantitative. Here, qualitative types of investigation requires the use of thematic analysis under
which themes are constructed on the basis of questionnaire. However, quantitative investigation
mainly applies the concepts of statistical tools such as correlation, regression etc. At the same
time SPSS software is used for the collection of information and using the same to produce valid
outcome. Owing to this, study under investigation is based on both kind of data analysis method
such as qualitative and quantitative. Basically thematic analysis has been applied. This has been
done by presenting the information in graphical form along with frequency table. Furthermore,
each theme will be followed by detail discussion in the line of literature review. This proves to

be effective for analyzing the collected data effectively and produce valid outcome of the same.
However, all the analysis part will be directed towards the research aim and objectives so that it
becomes easy the present the suggestions and findings effectively. Hence, thematic analysis is
selected for the investigation for in-depth analysis of the collected data.
3.9 Research limitations
The current research is focused on domestic abuse against male and to assess the where
they are treated fairly by the public services or not. For this purpose, respondents selected will be
male victim of abuse. It is the major reason that questionnaire has been uploaded on social media
so as to invite respondents to fill the same and revert this back. However, it is very sensitive
topic where research less likely provide the detail information. Owing to this, it might be
possible that some of the responses remain not filled. This sensitive nature of the research might
not attract more respondents (Silverman, 2016). Owing to this, scholar may face issue related to
effective management of the report and collecting the data in an effectual manner. For this
purpose, researcher ensure to keep the sample size large so as to represent the population
effectively and complete the procedure of data collection and analysis effectively. On the other
hand, lack of availability of secondary information is also the potential issues which in turn
create problem in present the concept of research effectively. In addition to this, some of the
sources found to have restricted access. Due to this, it might be possible that some of the
information are not incorporated in the study.
3.9 Ethical consideration
Ethics refers to set of standards and norms which are applied to complete the
investigation effectively and produce the valid outcome. In the current study, ethical standards
are followed in the completion of entire study. However, the study under investigation has the
very sensitive topic where it might be possible that respondents do not become ready the provide
more information. Owing to this, questionnaire will be prepared effectively under which no any
respondents has been asked to provide their personal information such as e-mail address and
name etc. At the same time, they are provided prior information that all the information is kept
confidential and will not be disclosed under the section of findings (Caillaud, Rose and Goepp,
2016). It would be effective to present the findings effectively each the outcome of the
investigation in a more effective manner. Moreover, all the recorded information has been used

appropriately for the purpose of drawing valid outcome only. No any data has been misused
instead primary data are used to present the general scenario only. Moreover, participants are not
forced to take part in the study but they were provided information related to the purpose of
study or data collection. In this manner, their consent was taken and they were incorporated in
the procedure of data collection. Thus, confidentiality is maintained and right of all individual
participants were protected effectively.

CHAPTER 4: DATA ANALYSIS
4.1 Introduction
Data analysis chapter begins just after the completion of research methodology section.
This part of dissertation plays significant role through which scholar can effectually get the
information and use the same in order to draw valid outcome. The data analysis chapter of
current study is completed by constructing different kind of themes and relating them through
primary as well as secondary data. However, themes are prepared on the basis of collected
primary data only. In addition to this, each themes is supported by the frequency table and
graphical presentation of the findings.
4.2 Thematic analysis
Thematic analysis of the chapter is completed with the construction of appropriate themes
and addition of suitable information. In this manner, findings of questionnaire are considered for
completing the chapter of data analysis in an effectual manner.
Theme 1: Participants belong to varied age groups
15 18-24 30%
15 25-34 30%
10 34-44 20%
10 45 and above 20%
50 100%

According to the collected information, 30% participants belong to age group 18-24
years. On the other hand, 30% respondents are connected or lie in the age range of 25-34 years.
Furthermore, 20% respondents belong to 34-44 years age group whereas the remaining
respondents are from the group of 45 and above. In this manner, different kind of participants are
included under the study in order to take their views effectively and present the outcome in the
right manner.
Theme 2: Part time status employees are higher
15 Full time employed 30%
13 Part time work 26%
13 Unemployed 26%
9 Student 18%
50 100%
30%
30%
20%
20%
18-24
25-34
34-44
45 and above

The aforementioned diagram bringfourth outcome that 30% respondents work for the ful
time in order to earn enough monetary income and settle the life in an effectual manner. On the
other hand, 26% participants work for the part time whereas 26% are not doing any work and
just unemployed. In addition to this, 18% participants are studying. This indicates that some
respondents are not earning money and accordingly might face issue in meeting the requirement
of their partners effectively.
Theme 3: Household income of participants is less than ￡10,000
20 Less than ￡10,000 40%
8 Between £10,000 -£30000 16%
12 ￡30000-￡50000 24%
10 Above ￡50000 20%
50 100%
30%
26%
26%
18%
Full time employed
Part time work
Unemployed
Student

The primary data mentioned under the above table indicates that 40% respondents are
getting the income below the 10000 pound. However, 16% respondents get the income in the
range of 10000-30000 GBP. Furthermore, 30000-50000 is the income group for 24%
participants. In addition to this, 20% respondents get the income above 50000 GBP. Therefore,
all respondents are having varied income scale and accordingly they might or might not face the
financial issues in maintaining their relationship effectively.
Theme 4: Majority of the participants do no owning kids
20 Yes 40%
30 No 60%
50 100%
40%
16%
24%
20%
Less than ￡ 10,000
Between £10,000 -
£30000
￡ 30000- ￡ 50000
Above ￡ 50000

The data mentioned under the diagram is showing that 40% respondents have their kids
but 60%;majority of the participants do not have kids. This kind of aspects also determine the
link with domestic violence and its direct impact on the relationship of people.
Theme 5: Lack of understanding between partners results in physical violence
35 Yes 70%
10 No 20%
5 Can't say 10%
50
40%
60%
Yes
No

According to the collected information, it has been found that 70% respondents stated that lack
of understanding results in physical violence. It happens because people do not like to argue too
much and the procedure of argument leads to invite the physical violence. It is the biggest reason
behind the abusive relationship among partners and affect their relationship to a great extent. On
the other hand, 20% respondents do not agree with the same and stated that domestic violence
occur due to several other reasons but not because of the lack of understanding. However,
understanding can be developed by the help of clear communication between partners and
spending time with each other. Apart from this, remaining 10% respondents do not have any
idea about the same and they did not give consent on role of lack of understanding in physical
violence among the partners. It is showing that majority of respondents admits that in case
women partners face issue in getting the things properly everyday then they get frustrate and
accordingly issue of domestic violence can be seen with the male partners. Therefore, physical
violence occur due to association of lack of understanding through both of the partners.
Theme 6:Participants sometimes feel comfortable in accepting the fact that they are victim
of domestic violence
20 Sometimes 40%
18 Very often 36%
12 Not at all 24%
50 100%
70%
20%
10%
Yes
No
Can't say

According to the above mentioned graph, it has been found 40% participants feel that
they are victim of domestic abuse. They found that sometimes they feel like that and accordingly
they reach to the valid conclusion that whether the file the complaint or not. Furthermore, 36%
respondents very often like to accept this fact because they are suffering from such kind of
typical issues in their personal life. In addition to this, 24% respondents do not feel like this and
they stated that they are not victim of domestic violence. Although, they suffer form issues
related to conflicts among partners and do not feel comfortable to resolve the current situation,
they are going through. Hence, it should be resolved effectively in order to manage the personal
life and resolving such kind of issues in the right manner. However, for getting the justice, it is
important to accept the fact that are are being pressurized by their female partners. For this
purpose, their issues must be addressed for listening their problems and proving them right kind
of situation so as to management the conflict related aspects in an effectual manner.
Theme 7:Financial problem and aggressive behaviour are the main reason behind domestic
abuse in your relationship
15 Financial problem 30%
12 Care of children 24%
10 Forced sexual activities 20%
13 Aggressive behaviour 26%
50
40%
36%
24%
Sometimes
Very often
Not at all

The aforementioned graph is indicating that 30% respondents suffer from the issue of
finance because partner cannot meet the requirement of female partners. However, being a
women female partner has several needs and the are fond of shopping too. At this juncture,
financial problem create stress among the partners and accoridngly they cannot maintain their
healthy relationship. Furthermore, 24% respondents stated that partners come into conflict due to
care of children because female want male partners to support in all work. Apart from this, 20%
respondents stated that forced sexual activities is the main reason behind the abusive relationship
. In addition to this, 26% participants reflected that aggressive behaviour is the major reason
through which make partners have to face the abuse at home. At the same time, society do not
accept such kind of situation and consider that female cannot be the reason of domestic violence
against the men. It is the reason that public services are also not provided for the male
appropriately. Owing to this, they need to suffer from critical situation even when they are
unhappy with their relationship. Therefore, majority of male victim stated that financial problem
and aggressive behaviour are some of the potential reason for occurrence of domestic abuse.
Theme 8: Domestic abuse is committed by intimate partner
30 Strongly agree 60%
10 Agree 20%
2 Neutral 4%
30%
24%
20%
26%
Financial problem
Care of children
Forced sexual activities
Aggressive behaviour

3 Disagree 6%
5 Strongly disagree 10%
50
The collected primary data, reflects that 60% respondents strongly agree with the fact that
domestic abuse is committed through intimate partner only. However, 20% respondents do agree
with the same. It is showing that physical relationship and sexual activities of partners might
become the reason of domestic abuse against the part due to association of several kind of
reasons. Furthermore, 4% respondents neither agree nor disagree with such kind of relationship
of partners. They further reflected that it does not affect their understanding level. Apart from
this, 6% participants disagree with that intimate partner commit the domestic abuse. It can be
through other partners also which not in physical relationship but just in a healthy relationship
like a friend. However, remaining, 10% male victim strongly disagree with statement that
abusive relationship is formed due to intimate partner only. This is because it can be related to
partners in group or circle of friend also. This might also show the domestic violence against
men. Furthermore, the situation become more complicated just because of patience in the male
partners so as to bring the peace in the home and relationship as well. On a critical note, their
60% 20%
4%
6%
10%
Strongly agree
Agree
Neutral
Disagree
Strongly disagree

patience make the female more aggressive which leads to negative results for both partners.
Owing to this, it is not necessary that abusive relationship take place due to intimate partner only.
Theme 9: Agree with the statement that abusive relationship is caused by men only and
domestic abuse against them hardly ever happens
4 Strongly agree 8%
3 Agree 6%
3 Neutral 6%
8 Disagree 16%
32 Strongly disagree 64%
50
The collected primary data, bring forth outcome that 8% respondents do strongly agree
with statement that abusive relationship is caused by men only and it is hardly happen that men
is violated domestically. On the other hand, 6% do agree that male is considered as the
dominating aspect in the society and domestic violence is caused by them. However, remaining
6% male victim showed that neither they do agree no they do disagree with the same statement.
Furthermore, 16% victim disagree with the role of abusive relationship which is caused by men
only. The explained that women do the same with men but these activities are being ignored by
society. It is the reason that public services also not offered appropriately. Moreover, majority of
8%
6%
6%
16%
64%
Strongly agree
Agree
Neutral
Disagree
Strongly disagree

respondents (64%) strongly disagree with this fact and stated that men is not the only reason
behind the domestic abuse even female are more aggressive in the same context.
Theme 10: Proper public services for resolving issues related to such kind of abusive
relationship caused by women are not provided
12 No 32%
7 Never 14%
15 Sometimes 30%
16 Very often 24%
50 100%

The data collected from primary information, it has been found that 32% male victim do
not get the proper public services in order to resolve their issues related to abusive relationship.
Furthermore, 14% respondents found that it proper public services are never provided to them to
resolve such kind of abusive relationship and getting them effective aspect in order to get free in
their personal life so as to live with freedom. Furthermore, 30% respondents stated that
sometimes they get the public services such as police when their partner because quite aggressive
towards them. This aids to generate positive attitude among participants and they feel it is helpful
to get the Justice by giving the complaints of such kind of relationship. In addition to this, 24%
found that very often they get the public services. Therefore, the outcome are showing that very
less number of people are getting the right kind of public services and it is the reason that they
are not quite happy with the personal relationship. However, they found themselves insecure due
to poor regulatory system. In this manner, effective kind of services can be provided for the
participants to get the right kind of environment and feel free with their relationship effectively.
It would contribute towards increasing the confidence among respondents to get the justice.
Theme 11: Ineffective judgment in domestic abuse court is the major issue in getting the
public services in term of domestic abuse
13 Unreported matters 26%
12 Different perspective of society 24%
32%
14% 30%
24%
No
Never
Sometimes
Very often

10 Poor response 20%
15
Ineffective judgment in domestic abuse
courts 30%
50 100%
The collected primary information bringfourth the outcome that 26% respondents stated
that unreported matter is the issues behind the getting public services. It enables them to access
good quality of services in accordance with proper reporting. However, the issue of public
services is faced just because of unreported matters through which police department and court
etc remain unknown with the issues which are happening with such kind of respondents.
Furthermore, 24% participants found that different perspective of society towards the make
domestic violence do not allow people to get the solution of such kind of issues. They do not find
the it effective to raise their voice against such kind of domestic violence. In addition to this,
20% participants do not find the proper response from the public services. It is because they
cannot believe as women can be this much aggressive towards man who is dominant person in
the society. In addition to this, 30% respondents stated that ineffective judgment in domestic
abuse court is the another reason through which people do not get justice. This tends to increase
their issues to a great extent and their level of frustration go high. Thus, ineffective judgment
system is higher for the leaving the male victim frustrated in the panic situation.
26%
24% 20%
30%
Unreported matters
Different perspective of
society
Poor response
Ineffective judgment in
domestic abuse courts

Theme 12: Agree that women get more justice for domestic abuse even it is caused by them
only
15 Strongly agree 30%
20 Agree 40%
5 Neutral 10%
5 Disagree 10%
5 Strongly disagree 10%
50 100%
According to the collected information, it has been found that 30% respondents do
strongly agree with the fact that women get more justice for the domestic abuse occurred even if
it is caused by them only. It enables them to complaint their issues with the public or responsible
authority and get the resolution in relatively less time span. Furthermore, 40% respondents do
agree with the same that women usually get the justice as they get more public services even if
they are mistaken. It happens due to different perspective of society where they do not find it
feasible that women can create issue for men in term of domestic violence. Furthermore, 10%
respondents neither agree nor disagree with the difference in the justice system for btoh men and
women. However, 10% participants disagree with the same fact and reflected that justice is
provided for both men and women specially who is victim. Similarly, the remaining respondents
standard the same as do strongly disagree with the fact that women get the more justice even
they are at fault. However, majority of the particular do agree with the same fact and reflects that
30%
40%
10%
10%
10%
Strongly agree
Agree
Neutral
Disagree
Strongly disagree

justice system for the women is more stronger and accordingly such kind of issues are happening
in the society of men are suffering from domestic violence caused by the women only.
Theme 13: Addiction to drinking and smoking are the most frequent consequence of
domestic violence
15 Addiction to smoking, drinking 30%
12 Frustration 24%
13 Depression 26%
10 Increasing violence against women 20%
50 100%
According to the above mentioned table, it has been found that 30% respondents stated
that frequent consequence of domestic violence is addiction to smoking and drinking. This affect
their personal and professional life to a great extent and they cannot work with greater level of
focus. 24% respondents stated that higher level of frustration among respondents is the issue
behind domestic violence. This affect the respondents to a great extent and they suffer from
several kind of issues. Furthermore, 26% participants found that depression is occurred due to
frequent domestic violence and lack of peace in the relationship. In addition to this, 20% male
stated that just because of domestic violence against men situation become quite complicated ans
some time they respond back in the negative manner. This leads to conflict and create negative
environment in the society.
30%
24%
26%
20%
Addiction to smoking,
drinking
Frustration
Depression
Increasing violence
against women

CHAPTER 5: CONCLUSION AND CONCLUSION
5.1 Conclusion
The aforementioned report concludes that domestic violence against men is severe issue
which affect overall working of the people to a great extent. This enables them to shed light on
appropriate strategies through which it becomes easy to complete all related activities
effectively. The first objective “To identify the reasons behind domestic violence against men”
can be concluded in term of several kind of factors such as financial, care of kids and
management of work allotted at home. Here, couple usually face issue because of low financial
resources through which they find issue in meeting their requirement effectively. This leads to
create disturbance among them and they cannot focus on their both personal and professional life
effectively. However, the couple having kids tends to face the such kind of abusive relationship
as they fight due to care of that particular kid. Furthermore, it has been found that abusive
relationship is not caused only by male but female are also contributing a lot towards the same.
They opt the violent behaviour and affect the peaceful relationship due to financial constraints or
other related problems.
Owing to this, such kind of situation become the main source of their conflicts and
accordingly females become more aggressive on them. Furthermore, lack of understanding
between partners is another reason of physical violence. It is because female get irritated on
small stuff and they show their aggression on male partner. Such kind of scenario leads higher
level of dissatisfaction among them and they cannot pay attention on their work effectively. For
this purpose, appropriate solution is taken out for meeting their purpose effectively and handling
the situation related to conflict among partners in the right manner. It can also be concluded that,
forced sexual activities and all time aggressive behaviour are two other causes which leads
dissatisfaction among partners. However, the chapter of data analysis concludes that clashes
happen due to lack of understanding between partners. Owing to this, they cannot understand
each other and everything become quite complex. In-spite of making too much efforts couple do
not find the relaxing or peaceful environment. Just because of this particular issues female
partners become quite violent towards their partners as they need more support in term of
finance, care and other related aspect for their greater level of satisfaction.

The second objective of dissertation “To examine the consequences of domestic
violence against men for both partners; male and female” bringfourth the outcome that men
gets addicted to bad habits such as drinking and smoking etc. These kind of aspects create issue
in term of greater level of depression. In short, women need to suffer a lot and justice system
goes in their court only. For this purpose, it becomes easy to cater the requirement of all related
parties by offering them right kind of environment. Furthermore, continuous clashes at home
leads to force the men to give up the personal relationship and leave their home. Not only this
but they get frustrated at their work life too and cannot perform in an appropriate manner.
However, male face issues just because of availability of less public services of male as
perspective of society towards the domestic violence is quite typical.
Most of the respondents are facing issue related to lack of proper services whereby they
are less able to manage their abusive relationship as there is not body to do the justice for them.
Furthermore, according to the section of data analysis, it has also been found that abusive
relationship is the major reason as both male and female and their lack of understanding.
However, unreported matters and poor response are some of the aspects through which people do
not get justice but remain associated with domestic violence only. Moreover, ineffective
judgment in domestic abuse court made it impossible for respondents to get their issues resolved
and find the justice. Furthermore, it can be concluded that different perspective of society made
it impossible for the male partners to be in the conflicting relationship. This affect the
relationship of partners to a great extent and leads to bring the situation as divorce. Moreover, the
women usually get the more justice due to their unique feature in society where male are
considered as the dominating personalities. For this purpose, rules and regulation related to
relationship are more stronger for women.
5.2 Recommendations
The section of recommendations is very important which provides suggestions for the last
objective of the study in accordance with completion of entire study. This is helpful for scholar
to educate the readers and provide the remedial actions for the affected parties from the domestic
violence. The recommendations chapter of the dissertation covers the last objective as “To

recommend different ways to reduce domestic violence against men” has been fulfilled by
giving the below mentioned suggestions- Appropriate justice system-According to the dissertation, it is important to improve the
justice system for male victim. They should be provided proper security and services in
term of domestic violence. However, the response rate should b effective through which
it becomes easy to handle their issues in the right manner. Public services such as court,
police and health care must be offered with proper investigation in order to give the
punishment to those who at fault. In addition to this, judgment in the court should be
done effectively for the purpose of meeting the expectations of related parties. In addition
to this, women should be threaten by the police department for such kind of domestic
violence along with warning of formed regulation. Report the matter on time-The male partners should not feel shame on reporting the
issues related to domestic violence occurred against them. This would help to get justice
for them and accordingly they can handle the situation in the right manner. In addition to
this, reporting can be more stronger by setting the non-profit organization for men
empowerment. It is because most of the services are being provided for women only and
accordingly the rights of men are violated many time. For this purpose, protection is
provided for men and they are provided right to raise their voice against such kind of
criminal activities which are done by the women. Awareness program-Non-profit organizations should promote the awareness program
among the society in order to stop such kind of criminal activities against them. It would
be effective to protect their right and ensure the betterment of male partners in the right
manner. Furthermore, better ways to handle children and financial condition should also
be promoted. It might be helpful in developing better understanding among women and
promoting their good relationship. However, they would think of the level of stress which
can occur to their male partners. In this manner, respect will be formed among them and
accordingly conflicts and stress might be reduced to a great level.
 Accessible health care services-The health care services should be provided to poorer
effectively in a cost effective manner. It would be effective to treat the men and women
both and provide them suggestions to promote their peaceful life without any kind of

barriers. Apart from this, public services for any of the frustrated male or female should
be provided along with facility related to counseling.
 Police department must follow the positive attitude towards the male who dare to file the
complaint related to domestic violence. However, necessary investigation must be done
for the protection of both parties and determining their well being in an effectual manner.
Moreover., proper punishment should be provided for female partners for not repeating
the violent activities.

REFERENCES
Journals and books
Bowyer, L., Swanston, J. and Vetere, A., 2015. ‘Eventually you just get used to it’: An
interpretative phenomenological analysis of 10–16 year-old girls’ experiences of the
transition into temporary accommodation after exposure to domestic violence perpetrated
by men against their mothers. Clinical child psychology and psychiatry. 20(2). pp.304-
323.
Hines, D. A. and Douglas, E. M., 2009. Women‟s use of intimate partner violence against men:
prevalence, implications, and consequences. Journal of Aggression, Maltreatment, &
Trauma, 18. 572-586.
Hines, D. A. and Douglas, E. M.,2010. A closer look at men who sustain intimate terrorism by
women. Partner Abuse. 1. 286-313
Hines, D.A., Brown, J. and Dunning, E., 2007. Characteristics of callers to the domestic abuse
helpline for men. Journal of Family Violence. 22(2). pp.63-72.
Jewkes, R., Flood, M. and Lang, J., 2015. From work with men and boys to changes of social
norms and reduction of inequities in gender relations: a conceptual shift in prevention of
violence against women and girls. The Lancet. 385(9977). pp.1580-1589.
Kracke, K. and Hahn, H.,2008. The nature and extent of childhood exposure to violence: What
we know, why we don‟t know more, and why it matters. Journal of Emotional Abuse.
8(1/2). 29-49.
Lichenstein B. and Johnson I. M.,2009. Older African American women and barriers to
reporting domestic violence to law enforcement in the rural Deep South. Women &
Criminal Justice. 19 (4). 1-21.
Miller, S. L. and Meloy, M. L., 2006. Women's use of force: voices of women arrested for
domestic violence. Violence Against Women. 12. 89-115.
Modi, M.N., Palmer, S. and Armstrong, A., 2014. The role of Violence Against Women Act in
addressing intimate partner violence: A public health issue. Journal of Women's Health.
23(3). pp.253-259.
Pain, R., 2014. Everyday terrorism: Connecting domestic violence and global
terrorism. Progress in Human Geography. 38(4). pp.531-550.

Renzetti, C.M. and Miley, C.H., 2014. Violence in gay and lesbian domestic partnerships.
Routledge.
Swan, S. and et. al., 2008. A review of research on women's use of violence with male intimate
partners. Violence & Victims. 23(3). 301-314.
Walby, S. and Allen, J., 2004. 2001 British Crime Survey. London: Home Office.
Wilson, S. and Jasinski, J. L., 2004. Public satisfaction with the police in domestic violence
cases: The importance of arrest, expectations and involuntary contact. American Journal
of Criminal Justice. 28(2). 235–54.
Worcester, N., 2002. Women's use of force. Violence Against Women. 8(11). 1391-1413.
Silverman, D. ed., 2016. Qualitative research. Sage.
Vaioleti, T.M., 2016. Talanoa research methodology: A developing position on Pacific
research. Waikato Journal of Education. 12(1).
Karp, J.F. and et. al., 2016. Challenges and solutions for depression prevention research:
methodology for a depression prevention trial for older adults with knee arthritis and
emotional distress. The American Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry. 24(6). pp.433-443.
Caillaud, E., Rose, B. and Goepp, V., 2016. Research methodology for systems engineering:
some recommendations. IFAC-PapersOnLine. 49(12). pp.1567-1572.
Clandinin, D.J., Cave, M.T. and Berendonk, C., 2017. Narrative inquiry: a relational research
methodology for medical education. Medical education. 51(1). pp.89-96.
Hoyle, C. and Young, R.P., 2002. New Visions of Crime Victims. Hart Publishing
Online
Domestic violence against men. 2017. [Online]. Available through;
<https://www.thesun.co.uk/news/1802863/domestic-violence-against-men-soars-to-record-
levels-as-number-of-cases-treble-in-past-decade/>. [Accessed on 22nd February 2017].
Men and domestic violence: what research tells us. 2017. [Online]. Available through;
<http://www.lenus.ie/hse/bitstream/10147/288412/1/MenDomesticViolence.pdf>.
[Accessed on 22nd February 2017].
Snowball Sampling. 2017. [Online]. Available through;
<http://www.statisticshowto.com/snowball-sampling/>. [Accessed on 22nd February 2017].

APPENDIX:QUESTIONNAIRE
Name______________________
1. From the following what age group do you belong
 18-24
 25-34
 34-44
 45 and above
2. What is you current employment status?
 Full time employed
 Part time work
 Unemployed
 Student
3. What is your household income?
 Less than £10,000
 Between £10,000 -£30000
 £30000-£50000
 Above £50000
4. Do you have any children?
 Yes
 No
5. Do you think that because of lack of understanding between partners results in physical
violence?
 Yes
 No
 Can't say
6. Do you feel uncomfortable in accepting the fact that you are victim of domestic violence?
 Sometimes
 Very often
 Not at all
7. What is main reason behind domestic abuse in your relationship?

 Financial problem
 Care of children
 Forced sexual activities
 Aggressive behaviour
8. Do you think that domestic abuse is committed by intimate partner?
 Strongly agree
 Agree
 Neutral
 Disagree
 Strongly disagree
9. Do you agree with the statement that abusive relationship is caused by men only and domestic
abuse against them hardly ever happens?
 Strongly agree
 Agree
 Neutral
 Disagree
 Strongly disagree
10. Do you get proper public services for resolving issues related to such kind of abusive
relationship caused by women?
 No
 Never
 Sometimes
 Very often
11. What issues do you face in getting public services in term of domestic abuse?
 Unreported matters
 Different perspective of society
 Poor response
 Ineffective judgment in domestic abuse courts
12. Do you agree that women get more justice for domestic abuse even it is caused by them
only?

 Strongly agree
 Agree
 Neutral
 Disagree
 Strongly disagree
13. According to you, which is the most frequent consequence of domestic violence?
 Addiction to smoking, drinking
 Frustration
 Depression
 Increasing violence against women