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(PDF) Role of Aquatic Plants in Wastewater Treatment

   

Added on  2021-04-21

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Running head: FUNCTION OF LARGE AQUATIC PLANTS IN WATER POLLUTIONTREATMENTFunction of Large Aquatic Plants In Water Pollution TreatmentName of the Student:Name of the University:Author note:

1FUNCTION OF LARGE AQUATIC PLANTS IN WATER POLLUTION TREATMENTExecutive SummaryBeing a worldwide problem, water pollution has a huge impact on the mankind. Theworld has invested a lot of manpower and material resources after the environmentalgovernance. Environmental pollution control has a new breakthrough with the emergence ofphytoremediation technology that has the characteristics of low cost, more ecological andenvironmental friendly. This paper summarizes the mechanism of large aquatic plants inwater pollution treatment, the status of water pollution, and the application of large aquaticplants in order to minimize the content of pollution from water. Moreover, the discussion isalso based on the selection principle of aquatic plants to decrease the water pollution and safedisposal to used aquatic plants.

2FUNCTION OF LARGE AQUATIC PLANTS IN WATER POLLUTION TREATMENTTable of ContentsExecutive Summary.........................................................................................................................1Introduction......................................................................................................................................3Objective and Hypothesis................................................................................................................7Literature Review............................................................................................................................7MATERIALS AND METHODS...................................................................................................13RESULT........................................................................................................................................14DISCUSSION................................................................................................................................26CONCLUSION..............................................................................................................................30List of TablesTable 1-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------5Table 2-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------6Table 3----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------11Table 4----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------11Table 5----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------17Table 6----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------18Table 7----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------19Table 8----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------21Table 9----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------23Table 10--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------24Table 11--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------26

3FUNCTION OF LARGE AQUATIC PLANTS IN WATER POLLUTION TREATMENTIntroductionThe earth is said to be as a “blue planet”, as 70% of its surface is covered with water.However, in reality, 97.5% of it is salt water and the fresh water accounts for only 2.5%.Moreover, nearly 70% of the fresh water is fixed in the Antarctic and Greenland glaciers, therest in the soil moisture or deep groundwater, which cannot be used by humans. Hence, lessthan 1% of the earth's fresh water is there to consume by humans directly. These waters areprovided through lakes, rivers, reservoirs and shallow groundwater sources. In other words,water is the most precious and limited resource for mankind. Furthermore, there arenumerous activities such as erosion, climatic changes, evaporative cooling, hydropower,promotion of the cycling of inorganic and organic matter and so on. However, with the rapiddevelopment of industrialization and urbanization, many toxic substances like pesticide andsome organic pollution have entered the water system. This has made the problem of waterpollution the most serious environmental problem that the world is facing today. About 42billion cubic meters of sewage is discharged into the rivers and lakes every year, polluting 5.5trillion cubic meters of fresh water, which is equivalent to more than 14 percent of globalrunoff. Human activities such as mining, metal smelting, chemical industry, coal combustion,automobile exhaust emissions, domestic wastewater discharge, pesticide and chemicalfertilizer application and atmospheric deposition are the main factors causing pollution in thewater bodies. Water pollution can cause effect of water ecological system function. Some harmfulsubstances, like Heavy metal ions and organic pollutants, can keep in water over one hundredyears. These toxic substances are consumed by humans through the food chain. For example,the little fishes eat the tiny organic particles; big fishes eat those tiny fishes; and human inturn eats the big fishes. Hence, ultimately the health is getting affected.

4FUNCTION OF LARGE AQUATIC PLANTS IN WATER POLLUTION TREATMENTEveryone is aware of the fact that water pollution is a serious problem that is effectingthe human survival and sustainable development. It is negatively affecting human health,agricultural productivity and the stability of natural ecosystems. The establishment anddevelopment of strategies and technologies for the removal of water pollution has become animportant area of scientific and technological research. Compared with the physicaltechnology and strategy of mechanical decontamination method, the strategy of using greenplants to remove pollutants is a very promising approach to water pollution.Phytoremediation is a generic term that uses plants for remediating soils, sludge,sediments and water contaminated with organic and inorganic contaminants. It can be definedas “the efficient use of plants to remove, detoxify or immobilize environmental contaminantsin a growth matrix (soil, water or sediments) through the natural biological, chemical orphysical activities and processes of the plants”. Plants are unique organisms equipped withremarkable metabolic and absorption capabilities, as well as transport systems that can takeup nutrients or contaminants selectively from the growth matrix, soil or water.Phytoremediation involves growing of plants in a contaminated matrix, for a required periodof time in order to remove contaminants from the matrix, or facilitate immobilization(binding/containment) or degradation (detoxification) of the pollutants. The plants can besubsequently harvested, processed and disposed (Wang S M, 2006).Aquatic plants in the ecosystem are primary consumers. They are autotrophicorganisms. They play a key role in maintaining a virtuous cycle of aquatic ecosystems. Theexamples include- aquatic plants can store short-term nutrients such as N P K, which inhibitsthe growth of lower aquatic plants such as algae, purify contaminants in water, providehabitat for some organisms, as well as to promote water production, nitrogen cycle.Pollution factorPhytormediation PlantCdIris, Canna, Rushes, Barracude, Ipomoea,

5FUNCTION OF LARGE AQUATIC PLANTS IN WATER POLLUTION TREATMENTMetzyllumPbOriental cattail, Cape health Chara, Canna,RushesCuReed, Eichhornia crassipes, AlgaeZnReed, Eichhornia crassipes, AlgaeAsEichhornia crassipes, Algae,MnEichhornia crassipes, Algae, Acours calamusHgAlgae, Progency CharaCrAlgae, Progency CharaCoAlgae,N PEichhornia crassipes, Canna, CallaCODEichhornia crassipes, Calamus, Water IilyBOD5Eichhornia crassipes, Reed, Cat-tailPhenolRush,PesticideCanna, ChrysanthemumTable 1: Common ecological restoration of aquatic plantsAquatic plants are mainly composed of three major categories: aquatic vascularplants, aquatic mosses and higher algae. Global application in the sewage treatment is more kborne vascular plant developed mechanical process. The plant individuals are relatively tall,usually can be divided into Algae, Emerged plants, Floating leaves plants and submergedspecies (Chong, Hu and Qian. 2003). Life typeGrowth characteristicRepresent plantsGarden GreenlandplantsRhizome was born inthe sedimentReed, cattailsPotted flowersThe plant body iscompletely floating onthe surface of thewater, with aspecialized adapt tothe floatinglife of theorganizationalstructureEichhorniacrassipes, DuckweedCut flowersRhizome was born inthe mud, the leavesfloating in the waterWater Lily, NymphoidesSoil or muddy waterCryptomeria

6FUNCTION OF LARGE AQUATIC PLANTS IN WATER POLLUTION TREATMENTIndoor water tankinterface followingthe servicesTable 2：Four kinds of life type of aquatic plants ：source：Chong：Hu and Qian. 2003)Objective and HypothesisDue to its cheap and environment friendly nature, phytoremediation technology is a widelyused technology in recent years. With the discovery of some aquatic plants, the controltreatment of heavy metals and organic pollutants in water environment system has been a topmost research topic in the world. Due to this, the aquatic plants have the same characteristicof hyperaccumulation plants. In this paper, some normal aquatic plants will be discussed, andaquatic plants mechanism analysis, practical application, control treatment effectiveness anddeveloping prospect will be explored. Furthermore, some factors that influence the ability ofaquatic plants to clean water pollution will be listed down and discussed.Literature Review1.The Current Situation of Water Pollution In ChinaThe information related to water pollution is reported by the National EnvironmentalProtection Agency every year. According to the published data, surface water quality in theseven major rivers of China is outlined as- In the Songhua River and the Liaohe Riversystems, the organic pollution is very serious. The polluted river that reaches accounted forabout 50 percent of the evaluated river reaches in length in the year 1986. Currently, organicpollutants, ammonia N, phenols and nitrate N contents all have a tendency to rise. The waterquality in the Liaohe River is deteriorating：Mei and Feng 1993). In the Haihe River basin,water quality is the worst. In a comprehensive pollution index, among the seven major riverbasins, the organic pollution and heavy metal pollution comprise of the first and second placerespectively. The principal components of heavy metal pollution are cadmium, mercury and

7FUNCTION OF LARGE AQUATIC PLANTS IN WATER POLLUTION TREATMENTcopper. Phenol, COD and ammonia N concentrations are in excess of the standards. In theHuanghe River basin, natural water quality is not high. Suspended matter content exceeds thestandard at all monitoring cross-sections. Total ion and chloride contents are at high levels.Currently, organic pollution is rather serious; amm onia N pollution is growing, while arsenicpollution is lightening. In the Huaihe River basin, comprehensive water pollution index is inthe second place below the Haihe River, but heavy metal pollution is in the first place. Thedominant pollution results from organic chemicals, and the polluted river reaches was up to55.8 percent of the evaluated river. Presently water quality of the Huaihe River is gettingworse, especially during the low-flow periods. The contamination from ammonia N, phenols,nitrite N and lead, mercury, cadmium and chromium is becoming heavier. In the Changjiang(Yangtze) River basin, the water quality of the main stream appears to be rather better butsome tributaries, lakes and urban river reaches have been polluted seriously. The annualaverage value of suspended matter exceeds the water standard and the ammonia N pollutionis spreading. In the Pear River basin, water quality is good as well and there, the waterpollution is mainly caused due to organic pollutants. In addition, iron concentration is a bithigh. Furthermore, the pollution from ammonia N, organic chemicals nitrite N is becomingheavier in specific river reaches. 2.Development History of cleaning pollution By Aquatic Plants In China.The ecological function of aquatic plants in the water body makes it a very usefulcomponent in the prevention and control of water pollution. Due to the increase of waterpollution, an efficient and low cost water pollution treatment technology had started to grabpeople’s attention towards itself. Many of the substances resistance to pollution andmanagement capabilities studies have founded that a variety of large-scale aquatic pollution

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