Fundamentals of Evidence-Based Practice

This document provides an overview of the fundamentals of evidence-based practice in health and social care. It covers the purpose and process of conducting research, the skills and qualities needed to conduct a literature review, and the benefits of evidence-based practice in carrying out research. The document also includes a literature review on tackling neglect and abuse in health and social care settings.

FUNDAMENTALS OF
EVIDENCE-BASED
PRACTICE

TABLE OF CONTENTS
INTRODUCTION...........................................................................................................................1
LO 1.................................................................................................................................................1
Title..............................................................................................................................................1
Purpose and process of conducting the research in enabling evidence-based practice in health
and social care..............................................................................................................................1
Skills and qualities needed to conduct a literature review in health and social care...................2
LO 2.................................................................................................................................................3
Literature review..........................................................................................................................3
Results of literature search that summarises current knowledge.................................................4
LO 3.................................................................................................................................................5
Benefits of evidence-based practice as a method in carrying out research..................................5
Project proposal for a proposed study based on research topic...................................................6
LO 4.................................................................................................................................................9
Different ways in which the literature review influences evidence- based health and social care
practice.........................................................................................................................................9
Ways in which recent research has had a positive impact on current practice to improve
service delivery............................................................................................................................9
CONCLUSION..............................................................................................................................10
REREFENCES..............................................................................................................................12

INTRODUCTION
Mental health involves psychological,emotional as well as social well-being. It impacts
how we feel,think as well as act. While social care is considered as term that focuses on all types
of personal care. It also aids to identifying issues within health and social care settings so that
cost- effective interventions can be developed that can be used within promotion of well-being as
well as health of individuals (Kim and et. al., 2017). Present Report focuses on Purpose and
process of conducting research ,Qualities and Skills are required to conduct a literature review in
health as well as social care. It also focused on advantages of evidence-based practice that aids
to carry out research. Furthermore, it focused on analysis on reliability as well as validity
regarding literature review. It also focuses on several Ways through which recent research has
had a positive influences on current practice so that it can increase delivery services.
LO 1
Title
Tackling neglect and abuse in health and social care settings
Purpose and process of conducting the research in enabling evidence-based practice in health and
social care
The main purpose of conducting research is to identify gaps within current provisions or
practises so that identified gaps can be reduced and improvement within current practises can be
brought. In health and social care setting it is important to conduct a research as it helps in
identifying issues within health and social care settings so that cost- effective interventions can
be developed that can further be used in promotion of wellbeing and health of individuals or
group of people (Hall and Roussel, eds., 2016). Many times, research in health and social care
settings is conducted so that changes at large scale can be brought within such organizations or
within a group of individuals for a particular reason and only for this reason some times in
research more them one individuals or organizations are involved. Another main purpose of
conducting a research is that it helps in enhancing overall knowledge and understanding about
problems or issues faced by individuals or group of individuals. Many times, conducting a
research in a particular sector helps in personal and professional development of others which
further helps in enhancing overall performance of professional workforce. The main purpose of
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conducting this research is to identify ways with the help of which abuse and neglect in health
and social care settings can be neglected.
Every research has a particular process which is required to be followed so that desired
results can be achieved and required conclusion can be drawn from the research. Research
process not only helps in conducting a research in a proper and appropriate manner but it also
helps in increasing success chances of a research. Most of the research within health and social
care settings have a particular process which is required to be focused upon. First step is to
understand nature of the research and research process which is required to be followed for
conducting the research (Dang and Dearholt, 2017). Next step is to understand steps that are
required to carry out personal research only after that a research can be conducted. Only after
this understand conduction of research process starts. After this first of all research topic is
identified on which research is required to be conducted. After selection of research topic Aim,
objectives of the research are developed and on the basis of those aim and objectives, research
questions that are required to be answered or hypothesis which is required to be provided are
developed. After this in order to enhance knowledge about the research topic more clearly
literature review about the topic is conducted. After this, research methodology is selected in
which selection of primary or secondary data collection, method, sampling method and size,
analysis method, ethical considerations that are required to be adhered and many more are
selected. When methods are selected only after that primary data is collected and analysed with
the help of method that has been selected (Townsend and Morgan, 2017). Lastly on the basis of
data analysis conclusion is drawn for answering research questions.
Skills and qualities needed to conduct a literature review in health and social care
There are various kinds of skills and qualities that are required by the research in
conducting literature review in health and social care settings. In order to write or conduct a good
literature review, researcher need to develop skills in various areas. These skills help the research
in one way or the other in conduction of literature review. One of the main skills which is
required for conduction of literature review is information literacy. This skill helps the researcher
gaining or improving the ability to identify and locate literature need, critically evaluate all the
main sources of literature and ethically use all of the selected sources. Information literacy skills
also help the researcher to select and evaluate sources that are effective and can be helpful in
conduction of literature review (Van Laar and et. al., 2017). Another skill required for
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conducting a literature review is writing skills. Writing skulls are one of the most important type
of skills that are required to be present within the researcher as it completely depends upon the
writing skills of the researcher to make literature review relevant, important and useful for the
research. These skills also help in maintaining overall level of literature review.
In health and social care setting if any kind of research is being conducted then it is
extremely important to maintain a level of research so that it can be understood by others and can
be helpful for others to be used and for this it is important for the researcher to have information
literacy and writing skills so that literature review conducted can be beneficial for the researcher.
Other than then writing and information literacy skills there is one more type of skill which plays
a vital role successful completion of the research is synthesizing skills. This skill within
conduction of literature review is important because it helps in combining all parts or themes of
literature review in a completely new and different manner. It can also be used to combine
information present within different sources used in a different manner (Hart, 2018). This can
only be done when researcher can think flexibly, can determine alternative and has ability to find
alternatives to accomplish given task in a proper manner. these are some of the most important
skills and qualities that are required to be present within researcher which is helpful for them in
conduction of literature review especially in health and social care settings.
LO 2
Literature review
Overview of literature review
Literature review is one of the most important things within a research which is required
to be focused upon as it helps in building or providing a foundation of knowledge upon research
topic. It also helps the researcher in providing up to date and latest knowledge about the research
topic in a proper manner. not only this, it helps in identifying gaps in the research and provide
possible ideas for conduction of future research in the same research area.
Literature review upon Tackling neglect and abuse in health and social care settings
According to the view of Barlow and et. al., (2016) neglect and abuse are two common
issues that are seen most frequently in health and social care settings. These issues are majorly
seen faced by service users or patients. Patients or service users are neglected in terms of poor
care of fulfilment of medical, physical or emotional needs of patients or service users. Not only
this many times health and social care services requirement of service users is also neglected
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because of which direct impact upon health and wellbeing of services is seen. Because of this
neglect medical requirements, personal hygiene, nutritional needs, environment requirements and
many other needs and requirements are not provided to the service users which impact their
wellness and health. Barlow and et. al., (2016) further elaborates that other than neglect, services
users of health and social care settings also suffer from abuse because of which their overall
health and wellness is impacted. These service users face different kinds of abuse which not only
impact their overall physical health it also impacts their overall mental and emotional health.
Many times, due to discrimination or inequality many service users are abused psychologically
like humiliated, rejected, ignored, harassed etc. It is extremely important to focus upon different
ways with the help of which neglection and abuse issues within health and social care settings
can be reduced as it will directly help the organization in enhancing service user’s overall health
and wellbeing.
As per the view of Pithouse and Crowley, (2016) it is important for health and social care
organizations to focus upon enhancing protection of their service users so that their overall health
and wellbeing can be enhanced. This can be done by tackling neglect and abuse within heath and
social care settings. One of the most common method that can be used to tackle neglect and
abuse is to make all the employees and staff members sign code of conduct upon respect and
dignity. This code of conduct will make staff members realize that they will be responsible for
neglecting patient’s health and wellbeing and if any kind of abuse is suffered by the service users
then they will be responsible for it. It can help in development of sense of responsibility within
staff members and employees of healthcare organizations. Pithouse and Crowley, (2016) further
explains that there is another method with the help of which abuse and neglect can be tackled is
by providing orientation and training to each and every employee’s in which they will not only
taught their roles and responsibilities and ways to fulfil them but will also be explained different
ways in which safety of patients can be enhanced. They will be made understand consequences
of neglection and abuse issues so that they can develop a sense of responsibility towards their
service users and will also teach them to ways to treat all of their service users equally and how
they can participate in reporting any kind of issue if observed by them.
Results of literature search that summarises current knowledge
From the above literature review it has been summarized that abuse and neglection of
services provided to service users is a common issue which is faced by service users within
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health and social care settings. It is important for such organizations to focus upon these issues
and analyse the depth of these issues so that different kinds of measures can be taken in order to
tackle with these issues. It has also been concluded that there are various kinds of strategies that
can be used to tackle with these issues within an organization (Pithouse and Crowley, 2016).
These methods can help in making staff members of the organization understand types of issues,
their consequences and manner in which they can participate in providing protection to
employees. For this it is important for health and social care organizations to develop appropriate
code of conduct for their employees. Code of conduct can help employees to understand ways in
which they should act on their daily basis. Not only this, code of conduct also helps the
employees to understand ways in which they should fulfil their daily roles and responsibilities in
an appropriate manner. Code of conduct can make employees of staff members of health and
social care organization to understand what they are suppose to do and what they are not suppose
to do.
Evaluation of reliability and validity of literature review
Reliability and validity of the literature review can be assessed with the help of SAMTAB
method. All the sources used for this literature review were collected from research articles from
google scholar. Appearance of all the sources used were good and structured which helped the
researcher in reading, understanding and analysing content within it (Souza, Alexandre and
Guirardello, 2017). All the sources had appropriate research methods because of which reliability
of the sources increased. All the sources used were published in timely manner and were not
older than 5 years. These sources used had high applicability as it directly helped in addressing
research issue in an appropriate manner. Not only this, these sources were quite balanced as it
gave non judgemental views of its author’s research.
LO 3
Benefits of evidence-based practice as a method in carrying out research
The main purpose of evidence- based practise is to use all kinds of current, related and
available evidence, practical and theoretical aspects of a research together so that accurate and
robust answers to critical health or support care services issues can be identified and answered in
a proper and appropriate manner. Evidence based practise in health and social care settings plays
a vital and important role in carrying out a research by providing various kinds of benefits to the
researcher. Some of the most common benefits of evidence- based practise as a method in
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carrying out research are: it helps in gaining access to new thinking and ideas related to research
topic in a easy and proper manner with the help of which it becomes much more easier for the
researcher to identify and define overall scope and research objectives that are required to be
achieved during the research (Kim and et. al., 2017). Evidence based practise also helps the
researcher in providing various kinds of options with the help of which researcher can collect
required and accurate primary data for the research. Some of the commonly used primary data
collection evidence- based methods are: questionnaire, interview, observations and many more.
Another benefit of evidence- based practise for carrying out research is that it helps in finding
solution to the research problem which further helps in developing opportunities to develop
practise that can be used in the field of research. Not only this, this practise also helps in
increasing chances of achieving positive outcome of the research in a much better and
appropriate manner. These are some of the main benefits of this practise because of which it is
majorly used in carrying out research especially in health and social care settings.
In health care and social care, its usage or implementation of this evidence- based practise
has other important benefits that increases its importance in this field and as a result it is used
more frequently to carry out research in this field (Rahman, 2017). This practise provides a way
with the help of which individual care to service users or patients can be provided not only this it
further helps the organizations in reducing their overall patient care cost as well. Many times,
implementation or usage of evidence- based practise helps in gaining expert advice of medical
professional for the selected field in which research is being carried out. This further helps in
increasing accuracy of the carried- out research and overall quality of the research paper. This
practise has also helped in bringing so much advancement in health and social care
organisations, with the help of this practise overall value and quality of services that are being
provided to the service users is also increased.
Project proposal for a proposed study based on research topic
Title of the project
Tackling neglect and abuse in health and social care settings
Aim of the project
To evaluate different ways of tackling neglect and abuse in health and social care settings
Objectives of the project
 To analyse different kinds of neglect and abuse in health and social care settings
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 To evaluate impact of neglect and abuse in health and social care setting upon service users
 To recommend ways in which neglect and abuse in health and social care settings can be
tackled and reduced.
Research questions of the project
 What are different kinds of neglect and abuse in health and social care settings?
 How neglect and abuse in health and social care setting impact service users?
 What are the ways in which neglect and abuse in health and social care settings can be
tackled and reduced?
Research methodology
 Research type: For this research, research will be conducting qualitative type of research
because as compared to quantitative type of research it is much easier to analysed the data
and answer research questions.
 Data collection method: For this research, research will be using both primary and secondary
data collection methods. Secondary data will be collected from books, journals, research
papers, articles etc. Whereas, primary data will be collected with the help of a survey in
which a questionnaire will be distributed to all the participants.
 Research design: For this research, researcher will be using exploratory research as with the
help of this design aims and objectives related to a particular research area can be explored
easily.
 Data analysis method: For this research, researcher will be using thematic data analysis
method as with the help of this method research will be able to analyse the data and identify
common themes from the collected data that come up repeatedly. This will further help in
answering the researches in a much better and appropriate manner.
 Sampling method: For this research, researcher will be using probability- simple random
sampling in which all the participants will be selected in a random manner. For this research
sample size of 30 respondents has been chosen.
 Ethical considerations: There are various kinds of ethical considerations that will be
considered for this research. Some of the ethical considerations adhered by the researcher
are: none of the participants will be forced to participate within the study and if any of the
participants want to withdraw from the research then they will be allowed to withdraw from
the research (Straus and et. al., 2018). Data protection Act, 1998 will be adhered during this
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research. Complete transparency level will be maintained especially within communication
related to research i.e. main purpose of the research as usage of collected data will be
explained to the participants first only after that they will be asked to participate first (Li and
et. al., 2018).
Research timeline
Activity 1st week 2nd
week
3rd
week
4th
week
5th
week
6th
week
7th
week
8th
week
9th
week
10th
week
Introduction
Aim and
objectives
Research
methodology
Data
Collection
Data Analysis
Conclusion
and
Recommendat
ions
Submission
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LO 4
Different ways in which the literature review influences evidence- based health and social care
practice
There are many ways in which literature review can influence evidence- based health and
social care practise in many ways. An effective literature review helps health and social care
organizations in identification of current research areas of evidence- based healthcare and social
care provisions and practises so that required improvement within the organization and its
practises can be brought in a better and appropriate manner (Roberts, Berk and Lane-McKinley,
2019). Not only this, literature review works as one of the best methodological tools that can be
used to provide answers explore gaps in current research that can be focused upon. With the help
of literature review gaps within current research can be identified which further helps the
researcher in defining research questions that are required to be answered. It further helps in
identifying methods that can be used for completing the research and achieving desired research
objectives in an appropriate manner. it not only helps in providing a support to the research but it
also helps in exploring all kinds of research themes which further helps in providing a base for
support of the research. These benefits of literature review directly influence evidence- based
health and social care practice which not only affects the organization but also impacts upon
service users of those organizations and quality of service which is being provided to them.
evidence-based practice research studies help in providing practical healthcare interventions that
can be used to influence provision and practise in health and social care (Clark-Kazak, 2017).
Not only this, with the help of these evidence-based practice research, overall quality of
healthcare or social care sector services can be enhanced. This type of research helps the
researcher in identifying future impact of the research upon service provision to service users and
ways in which it can enhance integrated care model so that more appropriate and effective
service can be provided to the service users. This also helps in promotion of knowledge and
multi- disciplinary working within health and social care organizations.
Ways in which recent research has had a positive impact on current practice to improve service
delivery
It is increasingly vital that to demonstrate that the research participation as well as research
system that brings benefits to the patients as well as society as it consider as a whole within
addition to some researcher within all levels (Hall and Roussel, eds., 2016). . There are several
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ways through which recent research has had a positive impact on current practice to improve
service delivery. With the help of literature review gaps within current research can be identified
which further helps the researcher in defining research questions that are required to be
answered. It also helps in providing a support to the research but it also helps in exploring all
kinds of research themes help in providing practical healthcare interventions that can be used to
influence provision and practise in health and social care. Measuring and Monitoring is one of
influences of the healthcare Research that has becomes increases regularly within the United
Kingdom. Here Research Excellence Framework ( REF) that has recently utilized to assess the
impact as well as quality of Research within the higher educational institutions. With the
increase pressure regarding healthcare it leads to the demonstrate economic,health as well as
social impact that is considered as a need for researchers that able to understands some impacts
of the frameworks. Secondly data screening as there were records that were also downloaded as
well as duplicates were also removed, there are the independent investigators such as OLA and
SCR that able to conduct screening that can be aimed to follow a process called refining
process .Also Data Extractions as well as analysis is also taken to be consideration. As it
occurred within the final selection as they are considered as two independently frameworks as
the origin,year of publication as well as framework can be also extractions (Pithouse and
Crowley, 2016).
CONCLUSION
From the above it had been concluded that a various kinds of skills and qualities that are
required conducting literature review in health and social care settings. It also focused on
Information literacy skills writing skills. help in maintaining overall level of literature review
Other than then writing and information literacy skills there is one more type of skill which plays
a vital role successful completion of the research is synthesizing skills. It also focused due to
discrimination or inequality many service users are abused psychologically like humiliated,
rejected, ignored, harassed and neglect and abuse are two common issues that are seen most
frequently in health and social care n terms of poor care of fulfilment of medical, physical or
emotional needs method that can be used to tackle neglect and abuse is to make all the
employees and staff members sign code of conduct upon respect. It also focused on research
helps the researcher in identifying future impact of the research upon service provision to service
10

users and ways in which it can enhance integrated care model so that more appropriate and
effective service can be provided to the service users.
11

REREFENCES
Books and Journals
Barlow, J., and et. al., 2016. Tackling child neglect: Research, policy and evidence-based
practice. Jessica Kingsley Publishers.
Clark-Kazak, C., 2017. Ethical considerations: Research with people in situations of forced
migration. Refuge: Canada's Journal on Refugees/Refuge: revue canadienne sur les
réfugiés. 33(2). pp.11-17.
Dang, D. and Dearholt, S.L., 2017. Johns Hopkins nursing evidence-based practice: Model and
guidelines. Sigma Theta Tau.
Hall, H.R. and Roussel, L.A. eds., 2016. Evidence-based practice. Jones & Bartlett Publishers.
Hart, C., 2018. Doing a literature review: Releasing the research imagination. Sage.
Kim, S.C., and et. al., 2017. Benefits of a regional evidence‐based practice fellowship program:
A test of the ARCC model. Worldviews on Evidence
‐Based Nursing. 14(2). pp.90-98.
Li, S.A., and et. al., 2018. Organizational contextual features that influence the implementation
of evidence-based practices across healthcare settings: a systematic integrative
review. Systematic reviews. 7(1). p.72.
Pithouse, A.J. and Crowley, A., 2016. Tackling child neglect: key developments in
Wales. Research Policy and Planning. 32(1). pp.25-37.
Rahman, M.S., 2017. The Advantages and Disadvantages of Using Qualitative and Quantitative
Approaches and Methods in Language" Testing and Assessment" Research: A Literature
Review. Journal of Education and Learning. 6(1). pp.102-112.
Roberts, L.W., Berk, M.S. and Lane-McKinley, K., 2019. Ethical considerations in research on
suicide prediction: necessity as the mother of invention. Jama Psychiatry. 76(9). pp.883-
884.
Souza, A.C.D., Alexandre, N.M.C. and Guirardello, E.D.B., 2017. Psychometric properties in
instruments evaluation of reliability and validity. Epidemiologia e Serviços de Saúde. 26.
pp.649-659.
Straus, S.E., and et. al., 2018. Evidence-Based Medicine E-Book: How to Practice and Teach
EBM. Elsevier Health Sciences.
Townsend, M.C. and Morgan, K.I., 2017. Psychiatric mental health nursing: Concepts of care in
evidence-based practice. FA Davis.
Van Laar, E., and et. al., 2017. The relation between 21st-century skills and digital skills: A
systematic literature review. Computers in human behavior. 72. pp.577-588.
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