Fundamentals of Evidence Based Practice

This document provides an overview of the fundamentals of evidence based practice in healthcare and nursing care organizations. It discusses the purpose and process of conducting research in evidence based practice, the skills and qualities required to conduct a literature review, the literature review process, and the benefits of evidence based practices in clinical processes. The document also includes a proposal for a study on a research topic and evaluates the impact of literature review on evidence based practices and social care practices.

Fundamentals of evidence
based practice
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Table of Contents
INTRODUCTION...........................................................................................................................3
P1 Purpose and process of conducting research in evidence based practice...............................3
P2 Skills and qualities required to conduct literature review .....................................................4
P3 Literature review ....................................................................................................................4
P4 Result of Literature Review....................................................................................................6
P5 Benefits of Evidence Based Practices.....................................................................................7
P6 Proposal for Study on Research Topic...................................................................................8
P7 Impact of Literature on Evidence Based Health and social Care...........................................8
CONCLUSION................................................................................................................................8
REFERENCES..............................................................................................................................10
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INTRODUCTION
Evidence based practice is known as the process or approach which is used to solve
various kind of problem that are faced by the health care and nursing care organization. These
practices include of evidence which are found through well designed study, patient values and
preferences to find better solution and take efficient decision for patient (Lockett and et.al.,
2016). This research will be explaining different the purposes of the research these is based on
the evidence based practice. All the skills and qualities that are required to complete literature
review will be provided in the report. Brief literature review will be mentioned in report that can
be used to gather specific information about the research topic. The brief discussion of the
Literature review will be provided in the research report. Report is also explaining benefits of
evidence based practices in clinical processes. A proposal for the aim of research will be
developed that is based on the data gather above. The impact of literature review will be
evaluated for the evidence based practices and social care practices.
P1 Purpose and process of conducting research in evidence based practice
Definition of EPB- it is continuous use of current practices in taking an effective decision related
to patient care.
Purpose of EPB- it helps in improving health care services to attain effective and improved
outcomes.
Stages of EPB –
1 ask for clinical guiding question- in this stage a PICO format question is formed to give answer
for particular question.
2- search for best evidence – here, information is searched from database or other sources to give
answer of that question.
3 appraise evidence – in this stage evidence validity, reliability, strength and weakness is
identified.
4 Integrate evidence in clinical expertise – in this the client question is interlinked. This enable in
gaining new data and info.
5 Evaluate outcomes- the stage evaluate outcomes of EBP practice that whether it has been
attained or not.
6 disseminate outcomes – in this outcomes are shared with organisation or others.
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The purpose of conducting research in health and social care is to identify what
improvements can be done. Also, it enable in evaluating outcome of concept or theory applied in
health care plan.
For every research there is a specific process which is followed. It enables in conducting
study in systematic way. The process gives an insight on nature, scope, aims, of research.
Besides that, purpose of research is defined clearly that why it is been conducted. The process is
as follows ;-
Selecting research topic – In this a research topic is selected on which study is to be done. The
topic (Astroth and Chung, 2018)
Developing aims and objectives- Here, aims and objective is developed based on topic. this
specifies reason behind conducting research. Also, on basis of it research question are formed.
Conducting LR- In this stage secondary data is collected related to topic. it gives an insight on
what other authors or scholars have concluded. The data is gathered to understand topic in more
depth.
Selection of methods- The research methods are selected to get overview about what types of
research method is selected.
Gathering of data- In this the data is gathered based on research method that is chosen. It can be
either primary or secondary data.
Data analysis- Here, the data and information collected is interpreted or analysed to obtain
relevant outcomes. For this techniques and tools are used.
Conclusion – in this conclusion is made of entire research.
P2 Skills and qualities required to conduct literature review
Literature review- it is an in depth review and analysis of articles and journals which provide
insight on current knowledge and findings.
Professional skills
Decision making skill- it is a skill which allow person in selecting sources to write literature
review. The decision is to be taken that whether specific source is authentic or not and data and
information written is reliable. Thus, it makes things easy to evaluate articles, journals, etc.
Critical analysing skills – it is an important skill that is required in doing literature review. The
person should be able to understand the content and find out its relevance. Moreover, individual
must link theory and concept of topic and importance of ideas and arguments done by author.
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This skill support in thing logically and expressing out ideas in own language. This skill improve
ability to think to enhance ideas. However, the sources are critically evaluated as well to write
from it. (Eller, Gerber and Robinson, 2018)
Decision making skills – this skill is required in taking effective decision that which articles are
to selected or not. Also, it enables in doing finding out what data is useful and not. The skill help
in deciding what is relevant and not.
In order to conduct literature review there are several personal and professional skills is
required. This is because it enables in gathering data and information and analysing it. Thus, the
skills are as follows :-
Personal skills
Teamwork- this skill is required to work in team. it allows in doing activities with help of other
members and working in team. also, with help of this skill individual and common goals are
achieved.
Writing – this is also crucial skill that is required by individual. The person should be able to
write LR in effective way with correct tone and language. Furthermore, individual must use
proper vocabulary in order to express thoughts and ideas of author or his own. Along with it,
person must use proper punctuation, grammar, etc. to write. This skill is useful in linking topic
with concept or theories and how they are applied practically. Through writing he must
communicate topic in efficient manner.
Literacy - it is basic skill that is needed to write and read literature review. The person is aware
about his writing, grammar, etc. in addition to it, literacy skill include vocabulary, spelling,
comprehension, etc to check LR. Hence, individual is able to write and read what is written.
P3 Literature review
In this the literature will be searched from previous articles and journals. Moreover,
secondary sources will be evaluated to gather data and information. for this research, type of
source used in online journal, books, etc.
Aim- to analyse the different approaches of integrated care systems and to evaluate their role in
safeguarding adult within health care service.
Overview of integrated care system
As per Kim and Lee, 2016 a health care system within country plays a significant role in
improving the social life of people. It includes hospitals, nurse, NGO, etc. they all have to work
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together so that high quality care services are provided to people. An integrated health care
system consists of local council, NGO’s etc. that are responsible for many things. They manage
resources, maintain standards, etc. to provide care services. The main goal of it is to integrate
care services to obtain relevant outcomes. Moreover, it enables in improving the quality and
making continuous improvements in health care services. WHO has also set up some standards
regarding this system. The standards are related to families, health care provider, etc. Each
component of system works together by setting policies, framework, strategies, allocating
resources, etc. Generally, there are three types of integrated health systems that are functional,
physician and clinical.
Different approaches of integrated care systems
According to LoBiondo-Wood and Haber, 2017, the care systems are developed on basis
of improvements required and needs of people. Here, government play vital role as they are
involved in defining approaches. Basically, individual model is one approach which emphasis
only on individual care services. It include high risk patients who are suffering from multiple
conditions. This model aims to facilitate proper delivery of health care services to them. The
model varies in design and processes that are according to individual needs. The model is further
categorised such as case management, individual care plan, patient centred, etc. As elucidated by
Astroth and Chung, 2018, case management include providing care services as per case of
patient. Individual care model is approach for patient with long term conditions. Here, high
quality and personal care is given to patient. The needs of patient are identified and
multidisciplinary care is provided. However, PCMH is approach to transform delivery of primary
care services. It is physician direct practice to provide continuous care to society.
As said by Richards, Hilli and Frost, 2018 group or disease based is another approach
where needs of people of chronic disease is identified and framework is designed to improve
outcomes. It highly focuses towards community. Apart from it, population based is approach that
is based on population. It aims to control the risk factors and also with promotion and prevention
of chronic disease. In this Kaiser permanent model is applied.
Role of Care System in Safeguarding Adult Health
There are various roles are played by the care system to safeguard the adult health. As per
Frieson and et.al., (2018) all the roles played by the health care system are connected to the
various objectives. One of the main objective of care system to reduce the health issues and risk
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factors form the nursing practices. This is important to develop care system which is efficient to
provide better care to the patients in health care organization. This is main role of the care system
to provide better care to patients and protect them form the various risks that are possible in the
care giving process. There are some legislations also need to be followed in the health care
system to maintain dignity and respect in the various health processes. Specially for the adults
these care services and systems works with local authorities to protect them form various type of
risks. This is also their duty to design the system as per the requirement and need in the process
of providing care services to the adults.
P4 Result of Literature Review
There are various things are explained in the report that are required to develop effective
knowledge of evidence based practices that are used by the health and social care organization
to reduce various issues in clinical processes and improve the result of the services that are
provided to the patients and adult people. There is a integrated care system is used in the clinical
practices to get effective result with in the care giving process. There are different public, private
and voluntary organization works together to improve the health measured in country
(Kilbourne, and et.al., 2019). This integrated system that is used by the health and social care
organization provide better opportunity to the authorities to meet all the requirements that are
mentioned in the standards of WHO. These integrated system also develop various policies and
frameworks that can be used in the care providing processes to the target audience.
In the integrated care system there are various approaches are used in order to improve
the performance of different care giving services in organization. In the care providing services
individual approach is mainly used to provide better services to people who are facing critical
problems and health conditions. These people need critical health care in order to reduce the
issues that are faced by them. Safeguarding can be considered as practices that are used by the
health care officials to provide better services to the adult people with in organization by using
various health, safety and precautions. This process can help nursing staff to reduce the level of
danger for people with critical health conditions. As per the individual approach people who are
at critical condition are most difficult to handle are targets by the health care system to make
positive improvement in their situation. According to this approach special and focused
treatment is provided to the patients. This approach could be based on the specific services that is
collected from various real time studies that are performed by health care officials. These
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approach is only used for the people who are complex to handle. On the next level this plan goes
on the management level along with patient centred. In health care organization different type of
abuse faced by patients and relatives of people. For example people can face physical, sexual,
financial or material abuse, psychological, modern slavery and institutional abuse. All this abuse
need to be removed form the system of the organization.
There are different authorities are involved in the care system to provide better efficient
services and care to the adult people (Horigian, and et.al.,2016). In some cases special assistance
of local and government authorities is also required to meet all the requirement that are based on
evidence based study. These involvement of local and government authority provide better
capabilities to the care system to get effective result in the end.
The data that is collected in the research project is highly reliable cause all the ethical
standards are used in the research process. The sources that are used in research process are also
effective and taken form authorised sources.
P5 Benefits of Evidence Based Practices
Evidence based practice is one of the most effective practice that is used by the health
care organization to reduce the complexity and difficulty in providing clinical care to the patient
or people who needs medical support. There are many advantages of the evidence based
practices that can help the organization to maintain various standards in the clinical practices to
provide better services to patients. As all the actions that are taken through are based on the real
time situation and condition. As all the data is collected through research and survey (Detrich
and Keyworth, 2016). The safeguarding process is important for th patients and people of
organziation cause it helps them to maintain health and personal care standards with in
organization. These standards can help the people to get better and effective services at health
and social care organization. This is more suitable to make various new policies, processes and
frame work to provide services to the patients and people who are critical situations. The
evidence based practices provide the latest data and information to make different changes in
their approach to get efficient result. The basic principle of safeguarding is about developing an
effective environment in the health care organization with is safe and secure from different ty[pe
of risks.
The decision making process is most critical in the health care organization because the
operations that are performed by people need to be according to the real time data. If the data and
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information that is used in the care giving can affect the performance and operations of the health
officials. The decisions which are made by the officials need to be based on latest situation. This
is how the evidence based practices are able to provide most relevant and correct data of
organization to make proper decisions. This is how the evidence based [practices can help the
care organization to improve their current standards and performance capabilities. It also can
help the health can social care organization to provide high satisfaction to the target audience.
The data that is gathered in the evidence based practice can be used to maintain the
transparency in the various process to reduce the chances of failure. This also can provide better
opportunity to the organization to boost the morals of employees to motivate them in order to
provide best services to the target people. This process is good form both organization and target
people because it can improve the accessibility of various information that is basically required
by people to know about the services that are designed for them. These processes also can be
used by the health and social care organization to improve transparency, accountability and
values. This required to maintain the standard in the services that are provided to the people. This
is also beneficial for the employees because this process can help them to get involved in the
various processes that are related to decision making process along with service designing. This
increased value and accountability improve the organizational performance (Sciuchetti,
McKenna and Flower, 2016). There are different care standards are need to be followed by the
organization to meet various goals that are designed by senior level leaders and government
authorities. Evidence based practices also provide opportunity to the organization to improve the
quality of service to provide high satisfactory services to the people. The outcomes and result of
various operations also can be improved through the evidence based practices.
Strengths and Limitations
There are some strengths in this research project cause all the data and information
collected in this process if highly efficient and correct. All the sources that are included in the
research process are reliable and authorised. So conclusion draw through this research report is
most efficient.
There are some limitations has been faced in the research process that are related to the
lack of resources and time related boundaries. This is not possible to access different staff
members of organization for the primary data collection. The sample size used in the research
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process is not that high to get optimum data. Previously this topic has not been studied
effectively so there are limited secondary resources for study.
P6 Proposal for Study on Research Topic
Aim- to analyse the different approaches of integrated care systems and to analyse their role in
safeguarding adult within health care service.
Objectives-
1. To analyse various approach that are used in the health care system.
2. To evaluate different approach for the health care organization to get effective outcome.
3. To study the role of the care system for the safeguarding of adults with in organization.
4. Analyse the impact of these approach on the functioning of the organization.
Research Question
5. What are various approach that are used in the health care system?
6. How the approach used by health care organization are effective to get effective
outcome?
7. What is role of care system for the safeguarding of adults with in organization?
8. What is the impact of these approach on the functioning of the organization?
Rationale
This research can be used by the organization to collect vast information which is
efficient to improve the procedures and practices of halth care organization to provide better care
to adult people. This will also helpthe researcher to get better information about the role and
responsibilities or care organization. In this research work various case studies will be used in
order to understand the responsibilities of care home in providing services to adult people.
Ways to Prevent Failure
There are different processes can be used by the care home to reduce the chances of
failure in the providing health and personal care to adult people. Better and efficient system can
allow the system to develop their operational efficiently to prevent failures.
Role of Organization to Improve the Safeguarding
To insure the safeguarding of adult care health care organization can take different
actions. For example better health care practices, personalised care plan and innovative medical
and social care facilities can be used by organization to prevent failure in providing care to adult
people.
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Research Type
To get better result with the research process qualitative research will be used in order to
develop better knowledge about practices that can be used by the organization to improve their
care services.
Data Collection
For the data collection process primary and secondary both type of data will be collected
form different sources. For the primary data collection process questionnaire will be used in the
research process to collect precise and accurate information.
Sampling
In this research project simple random sampling has been used in order to select
respondents form health care organization. In this research 20 employees of helth care
organization will be used for data collection.
Ethical Consideration
In this research process all the ethical consideration will be made to maintain dignity and
respect of people who are involved in the research process. All the respondents will be askes to
fill the ethical form. Data privacy and security measures also will be followed in the report.
P7 Impact of Literature on Evidence Based Health and social Care
In process of conducting research process different things has been learned in literature .
With this literature various type of information has been studied in literature revied to find out
research gap. The impact of the literature review is positive for the health care organization and
their functions that are designed for the people who need social and medical attention. There are
different type of information has been studied in the report that can be used by the organization
to make positive developments in the methods, approaches and procedures that are used by the
organization (Houck and et.al., 2016). This is how the data collected and analysed in the
literature review can be used to make positive development in frame work which is followed by
health and social care organization. Information gathered in research Literature review has
helped to get better information about Evidence based practice. It has also helped to develop
better understanding between related to safeguarding through Evidence based practice. This
research will help to provide better solution for research problem
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CONCLUSION
This report is concluding the importance of the evidence based practices that is used by
the health care organization to develop their performance standards. Various approaches that can
be used in health and social care organization has been studied in the report. A detailed literature
review has been developed in the report that can help to understand various benefits of evidence
based practices.
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REFERENCES
Books and journals
Astroth, K.S. and Chung, S.Y., 2018. Focusing on the fundamentals: Reading quantitative
research with a critical eye. Nephrology Nursing Journal, 45(3), pp.283-287.
Detrich, R. and Keyworth, R., 2016. Leveraging Evidence-based Practices: From Policy to
Action. Learning Disabilities: A Contemporary Journal.14(2).pp.121-142.
Eller, W.S., Gerber, B.J. and Robinson, S.E., 2018. Public administration research methods:
tools for evaluation and evidence-based practice. Routledge.
Frieson, C.W. and et.al., 2018. Evidence-based practices to reduce falls and fall-related injuries
among older adults. Frontiers in public health, 6, p.222.
Horigian, V.E., and et.al.,2016. Readiness and barriers to adopt evidence-based practices for
substance abuse treatment in Mexico. Salud Mental.39(2). pp.77-84.
Houck, J.M. and et.al., 2016. Qualitative and quantitative feedback following workshop training
in evidence-based practices: A dissemination study. Professional Psychology: Research
and Practice.47(6).p.413.
Kilbourne, A.M. and et.al., 2019. Quality Enhancement Research Initiative Implementation
Roadmap: Toward Sustainability of Evidence-based Practices in a Learning Health
System. Medical care.57(10 Suppl 3). p.S286.
Kim, K.Y. and Lee, E., 2016. The relationship among critical thinking disposition, nursing
process competency and evidence-based practice competency in nurses working in
hospitals. Journal of the Korean Data and Information Science Society, 27(2), pp.451-
461.
LoBiondo-Wood, G. and Haber, J., 2017. Nursing research-E-book: methods and critical
appraisal for evidence-based practice. Elsevier Health Sciences.
Lockett, H. and et.al., 2016. Predictive validity of evidence-based practices in supported
employment: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Mental Health Review Journal.
Richards, D.A., Hilli, A. and Frost, J., 2018. Fundamental nursing care: A systematic review of
the evidence on the effect of nursing care interventions for nutrition, elimination,
mobility and hygiene. Journal of clinical nursing, 27(11-12), pp.2179-2188.
Sciuchetti, M.B., McKenna, J.W. and Flower, A.L., 2016. Teacher knowledge and selection of
evidence-based practices: A survey study. Journal of Vincentian Social Action.1(2). p.8.
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