Future of Nursing: Campaign for Action

Running head: NURSING
NURSING
Name of the student
Name of the university
Author note

NURSING
1
Task1:
The patient, Mr. Robert, admitted to the medical ward with chest pain and rapid heart
rate. The diagnosis protocol includes ECG, which stated that the patient had an Atrial
Fibrillation. The irregular and rapid heartbeat can lead to stroke, heart attack, the formation of
a blood clot, or heart failure. The age of the patient is 42 years, and the respiratory rate is
measured as 18, which is healthy for an adult. The oxygen saturation is also found to fall in a
normal range of 94% to 99%.
The pathophysiology of Atrial Fibrillation (AF) is high-frequency atrium excitation
resulting in both dyssynchronous atrial contraction and ventricular excitation irregularity. In
the case of the patient, the heart rate is faster than usual, indicating the occurrence of AF.
Throughout atrial fibrillation, the two upper chambers of the heart that are the atria beat
irregularly and chaotically — out of harmony with the heart's two lower chambers that are
the ventricles. Symptoms of atrial fibrillation are fatigue, chest pain, palpitations of the heart,
and shortness of breath.
The patient, Mr. Robert, has a lengthy previous medical background involving T2DM,
HTN, rheumatic heart disease, smoking (10 per day), hyperlipidemia, and regurgitation of the
mitral valve. These conditions can correlate with the current situation of Mr. Robert. DM and
AF may share similar pathophysiological mechanisms, as demonstrated by the strong effect
that DM has on the higher likelihood of developing AF (De Sensi ET AL., 2015). HTN is the
syndrome most often found in AF-incident cases. Hypertension is correlated with 1.8 times
the probability of experiencing new-onset AF and 1.5 times the chance of development to
chronic AF. Hypertension tends to lead to structural alterations in the cardiovascular
system that trigger AF's growth, such as atrial remodeling. The mechanism of renin-
angiotensin-aldosterone is a standard connection related to action mechanisms in HTN and
AF pathogenesis.

NURSING
2
Notably, HTN is among the few modifiable risk drivers for AF(Ogunsua ET AL., 2015).
According to a report, the frequency of valvular stenosis, the occurrence of atrial fibrillation
decreases, is high. The occurrence of systemic embolization is elevated in people with atrial
fibrillation and rheumatic heart failure. Cerebral embolization is more frequent than
peripheral embolization, which is accompanied by mesenteric embolization. In patients with
atrial fibrillation, the inflammation of the respiratory tract is more likely than patients without
atrial fibrillation (Sharma & Verma, 2015). The risk of AF, as well as other common heart
diseases, is also increasing proportionally with smoking habits, alcohol consumption, poor
lifestyle, and obesity. High cholesterol may trigger a different kind of heart disorder. High
cholesterol leads to the growth of plaque on blood vessel walls. The chance of a heart attack
or stroke decreases as the arteries close up and are blocked.
Task2: Nursing Care Plan: Mr. Robert Lalara
Nursing problem: Risk of infection
Related to: Atrial Fibrillation
Goal of care Nursing
interventions
Rationale Evaluation
The patient
will disclose
the infection-
related risk
factors and the
appropriate
precautions is
recommended.
Patient must
demonstrate
careful
methodology
for hand
washing.
Foster coughing and
deep breathing
exercises; regular shifts
in position.
Coughing and
breathing
significantly reduces
the stasis of
secretions in lung
and bronchial tree.
Pathogens can induce
respiratory system
infections and
pneumonia if the
stasis occurs
(Butcher et al.,
2015).
After few weeks of
daily berating exercise
the patient is able to
prevent the risk of
respiratory infection in
some extend.

NURSING
3
Patient must
demonstrate
careful
methodology
for hand
washing.
When
indicated by
regular
physiological
signs, the lack
of signs and
symptoms of
infection,
patients are
free of
infection,
which is the
aim of the
plan to keep
the patient
infection-free.
Infection
identification
early to enable
timely care.
Instruct the patient
and/or SO to wash their
hands regularly,
particularly after toilet,
after self-care and
before meals.
When an infection
appears, advice the
patient to consume the
necessary antibiotics.
Advice patient to take
the entire antibiotics
course regardless
the conditions are
worsening, cured or
improving.
Patients and SO can
transmit bacteria
from one section of
the body to another–
these threats are
minimized by hand
washing (Mitchell,
Spencer & Edmiston,
2015)
Antibiotics function
well by keeping a
steady blood
pressure, which is
achieved as treatment
is administered as
needed. Failure to
complete the
recommended
antibiotic course will
result in pathogen
tolerance and
symptoms
of reactivation
(Meylan, Andrew &
Collins, 2018)
After the application of
intervention the patient
is able to wash his hand
properly, avoiding
contagious infections.
The patients’ reports to
appearance of previous
symptoms again, and
get cured with in a week
of nursing intervention.
Nursing problem: Impaired tissue perfusion
Related to: Atrial Fibrillation
Goal of
care
Nursing
interventions
Rationale Evaluation
Increase the
myocardial
perfusion of
the patient.
Nitroglycerin (NTG) is
sublingually supplied
for angina symptoms.
Maintaining the
oxygen therapy as per
the recommendation.
Nitroglycerin (NTG)
enhances the
perfusion of
cardiovascular
system.
Oxygen therapy also
act in influencing the
Patient is able to
breathe properly after
application of nursing
intervention.