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Global Environmental Politics

   

Added on  2020-06-04

13 Pages4353 Words77 Views
Global EnvironmentalPolitics

Table of ContentsINTRODUCTION ..........................................................................................................................1Background of Niger delta ........................................................................................................1Production of oil in region and degradation of environment due to it.......................................2Environmental degradation of Niger delta..................................................................................2Political impact due to environmental degradation ....................................................................5Social movements response in Nigeria and media effects .........................................................7CONCLUSION................................................................................................................................8REFERENCES..............................................................................................................................10

INTRODUCTION Niger delta is one of most oil rich region all over the world. The area is highly populatedand have high density. It has faced various issue in past year like oil spillage and environmentaldegradation due to it. Economy of Nigeria is highly dependent on oil industry. 90 % of totalearning of the country comes from this sector. Onshore oil production in Nigeria is done most ofthe places of the Niger delta. The Niger geographical area is surrounded by various other basinsin the region. Basement rock is the oldest one in the basin. Niger delta is word's second largestdelta. These regions are consider as world most populated region in the world. Unrest conditionsin the region has led to various kind of environmental losses. Environmental degradation in the region is the major issue which is cause by oilpollution, noise pollution, water pollution and air pollution. Major resource of deterioration ofenvironment in the region is contamination of air due to smoke generated by oil and fuelindustries. Present report describes about political impact of degradation of environment in Nigerdelta region. Further more, responses of government on environment degradation has beenexplained. Social movements and their response in Nigeria have been illustrated in the report.Impact of social media on protest in Nigeria are explained.Background of Niger delta Niger delta is situated at Niger river of Nigeria. Niger delta is located on the Gulf ofGuinea which is in the Atlantic Ocean (Hamilton, Gemenne and Bonneuil, eds., 2015)he ocean islying in the altitude of 4 degree and 15 minute. It is highly populated region. Sometimes it is alsocalled the oil river as it is one of the crucial producer of palm oil. Delta region is rich in terms ofpetroleum and oil. Niger delta is considered to be situated in the coastal region of the southpolitical zone. The only region which do not produce oil is the cross river (Scott, Hitchner andMaclin, 2014). Coastal area of the region is having fresh water wetlands, mangrove wetlands, sand area,beaches etc. Surface are is around 47000 sq/km. Land mass of the region is approx 920000sq/km. Rainfall in the region is average and rage of it is 1500-5000 m. The delta is point forinternation disputation in terms of pollution and environmental degradation. Corruption is alsoincreasing due to various political issue raised in the area for oil release. This coastal region isalso known as wetland region of the country. The Niger basin is surrounded by various otherbasins in the region. Basement rock is the oldest one in the basin. Niger delta is word's secondlargest delta. These regions are consider as world most populated region in the world. This1

region has four classifications which are ecological, coastal, fresh water and low land zone.Niger delta has faced a severe issue of oil spillage which has caused many problems to theenvironment. The delta has various states which are Akwa, Edo ,Cross River etc. Approximately30 % of people of Nigeria lives in Niger delta area. Density of the region is growingcontinuously. The population is increasing rapidly and which is almost 20 % of the Nigerianpopulation. Production of oil in region and degradation of environment due to itNigeria is producing oil since 1971.The country is one of the largest oil producer in theworld. The Niger delta region is exporting oil exporting petroleum area. The region is also oneof the largest source of gas (Witter and et.al., 2015). The country is having second largest oilsource in African region. Statistics of 1990 state that foreign exchange of the country is 89%which is dependent on 82% of oil export. The region is also having many reserves which areincrease beyond 25-35 years. The major oil producing company in the region is Shell D' Arcy.The company has started its production in 1958. In that time period the production rate per daywas approximately 5000 barrels. NNPCs statistics shows that drop in rate of production was 1.7barrels per day. This drop in rate was cause of various activities of other countries ion oilproduction. Four main oil refineries in Nigeria are producing 4500000 barrels oil per day. Theoldest oil refinery is the Port Harcourt. The refinery got license in 1965. Firstly the capacity ofthe refinery was 32000 barrels per day (Schlosberg, 2013). Port Harcourt refinery is having itsbranch in the country which produces 140000 barrels oil per day. According to the researches ofAnifowose the region have approx 700 oil fields. 300 oil fields out of these are situated atonshore of the area. Where as remaining fields are locate at offshore. Environmental degradation of Niger delta Environmental degradation in the region is the major issue which is cause by oilpollution, noise pollution, water pollution and air pollution. Environment degradation at Nigerdelta is the cause of oil spillage. Oil and gas exploration is the major cause of oil spillage in theregion. Niger delta has faced a severe issue of oil spillage which has caused many problems tothe environment. Oil producing companies situated in the region are the major reason behind oilsplitting issue. Oil splitting is is very common trouble in Nigeria. Many oil companies aresituated there in the region. The oil spillage issue was most severe problem that is continuouslydegrading the environment (Pattberg and Widerberg, 2015). It is causing negative impact on the2

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