Global Health and Globalization

This report explores the connections between globalization, the environment, and global health. It discusses the impact of globalization on public health, including the spread of infectious diseases and economic growth. It also examines how globalization can both harm and support public health. Additionally, it articulates key concepts and the role of key actors in global health, including intergovernmental and non-governmental organizations.

Global Health Internship Application
to enable and assess students ability to
describe the impact of globalization
and environment on public health

Table of Contents
INTRODUCTION...........................................................................................................................1
Provide an explanation of the connections between globalization, the environment and global
health......................................................................................................................................1
Gives examples of the way globalization and the environment can both harm and support
public health...........................................................................................................................2
Articulate key concepts and role of key actors in Global Health. Include both conventional
and critical concepts. Includes multilateral, non government, not for profit organizations and
private enterprise organizations..............................................................................................3
CONCLUSION................................................................................................................................4
REFERENCES................................................................................................................................5

INTRODUCTION
Globalisation is defined as the integration of nations, individuals, businesses, economies and
governments across the national borders. The below mentioned report seeks to gain knowledge
of the link that lies between globalisation and global health.
Provide an explanation of the connections between globalization, the environment and global
health
Globalization is defined as a process by which countries, individuals and business become
independent and connected across the globe that increases communication exchange, economic
integration, travel and cultural diffusion. This has been identified that due to globalization there
is a chances of more rapid spread of potential hazards infectious diseases in which some are
resistance to treat.
There is a strong connection between globalization, the environment and global health.
According to the framework developed by Labonate and Torgerson, it is essential for health
researchers to have proper understanding of the ways in which globalization can lead towards
improving health for all, especially for poor. In this it is important to expand global health
research agenda beyond disease-specific focus. In this it is also essential to examine economic,
social and environmental context to shape health opportunities in different ways. Globalization
significantly impact upon economic growth as has been identified according to the World Bank
claim that due to globalization there is significant reduction in number of individual’s falls in
extreme poor range (Morin & Blouin, 2019). This can be seen in economic growth measured in
China and India. Further after evaluating case studies of post apartheid South Africa it has been
identified that the newly elected government adopted new policy of constant and liberalization
voluntarily on public sector spending at the time when like HIV and AIDS was at rise that
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mainly aim towards to attract foreign direct investment in order to increase economic growth this
policy has been adopted.
Thus it has been determined that globalization has significant impact in health and economic
aspect. It is essential for countries to invest in human development infrastructure, health
education, sanitization and water. Further due to globalization there are significant increases in
multilateral commitments in developed countries like United Kingdom, as they offer support to
African Development Bank as to strengthen their poor health care system. This has been
identified that, these countries struggle with high risk pandemics. Thus, this has been identified
that due to connection between globalization global healthcare systems is improving in which
countries provide significant aid to world’s poorest countries. In addition to this globalization
also strengthen countries towards environmental protection policy in which countries invest in
climate sensitive health system. Due to globalization, paramedical industry also has access in
different country in which they can access multinational paramedical companies through trade
agreements and regulatory space of paramedical products. Globalization strengthens global
healthcare system in significant way, as due to various governmental agreements there is
adequate health system performance that fact upon large base of population.
Gives examples of the way globalization and the environment can both harm and support public
health
Globalisation and environment tend to hold direct impact over the public health. In this
regard, it has been acknowledged that one of negative main consequences associated with it is
constantly accelerating internalisation of health relate risk. This term is multi dimensional and
holds elements like political, economic, social, scientific, and cultural and so on. As globalisation
is acknowledged to be a multi faceted concept, the link that it has with health is regarded to be
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complex. The consequences that it holds may be direct or indirect. Direct consequence can be at
the scale of overall population, personnel along with health and social care delivery system. On
the other hand, the indirect consequence can be seen in terms of economy and associated factors
like sanitation, education along with water supply (Pascal & et. al., 2019). The main risks to
public health linked with globalisation are ascertained to be trading, travelling and exchanging of
data.
Other than the harm globalisation and environment hold for public health, it has been
ascertained that there are some ways in which they show their support too. In this relation, it is
acknowledged that global governance structure with the passage of time has been facilitating
significance in formulation of health related policies at the global level. Further, another way of
support is the constantly inflating public private partnership for the purpose of health and
wellness promotion (Zafar, Saud & Hou, 2019). The government across the globe are constantly
attracting the attention of companies functioning within the private sector to carry out roles
which were earlier the important responsibility held by entities functioning within the confines of
public sector. Further, globalisation leads to the growth of national economies thereby implying
positive results for public health sector also. Globalisation has also enabled increment in global
trade of medicines and other drugs which can promote health and wellness among the
individuals.
Articulate key concepts and role of key actors in Global Health. Include both conventional and
critical concepts. Includes multilateral, non government, not for profit organizations and
private enterprise organizations
Global health is defined as an area of research, study and practice in which process
related to identification and controlling infectious disease is done with an aim to significantly
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improve heath and achieve quality health. There are key some certain key concepts of global
health in which countries are required to undertake measures like prevention, detection, control
strategies, sanitization and education. In addition to this, food security, public health,
international relations and communicating science to effectively promote healthy behavior are
also included in key concepts of global health.
The key actors in Global health are acknowledged to be inter governmental as well as
non-governmental. Global partnership, charitable organization, research, policies, and academic
organization, private sector and national actors inclusive of health system and government
agency as well as program are all regarded as the key actors of global health. Another important
key actor of global health in this regard is identified to be bilateral development agency. Now,
inter governmental actors of global health are those actor which are funded by the government of
a nation as a whole. The well renowned example of this is considered as UN. In this relation, it is
further identified that UN agency consist of many organisations which function and hold an
influence over the global health (Zeibote, Volkova, & Todorov, 2019). World Health
Organisation (WHO) is considered as one of the most prominent examples of such organisations
which constitute the United Nations. Other organisations within UN are recognised as being
United Nations Children Fund, UNICEF and UNDP.
Additionally, inter governmental actors also include multi lateral development bank
which is usually set up by the government for the provision of funds as well as loan for certain
specific purpose. One of the most important purposes in this regard is acknowledged to be
development and assurance of well being of public. The best example of such banks is the World
Bank. In this relation, it is identified that multiple regional development banks are also engaged
in the same activity but within the confines of a specific region (Frumkin & Haines, 2019). The
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examples of such banks are the Asia, Asian Development Bank, InterAmerican Development
Bank etc. Inter governmental actors may also hold direct impact over the global health, such as
IMF. This entity requests economic reforms of nations that may impact upon the health directly
or indirectly.
Apart from these, there are non-government organizations also such as International Red
Cross and the Red Crescent. NGOs not just work at the global level but also at the local level
such as IGLHRC that emphasizes upon protection of right of sexual minority. There are many
entities which have a national or local focus like Mental Health America, Maya Medical AId,
WISER, Family Health Ministries (Gupta, 2020). Besides this, there are several global
partnerships within the global health whereby a number of actors work collaboratively. The most
suitable example of this can be said to be Global Fund and GAVI. There are several
philanthropic organisations also working for health and one of the best examples of such
organisations is Bill and Melinda Gates foundation. Other such entities are Wellcome Trust, the
Rockefeller Foundation, The Aga Khan Foundation etc.
CONCLUSION
As per the above concluded report it has been evaluated that, globalization facilitate
countries to conduct free flow of products, services, labour, transportation and more. It also
stimulates effective health care system through which global health can be improved. By
undertaking proper evaluation of key concept of health care heath care researchers can
effectively able to provide aid to world’s poorest countries.
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REFERENCES
Books and Journals
Pascal, M., Beaudeau, P., Medina, S., & Hamilton, N. C. (2019). Global change: a public health
researcher’s ethical responsibility. Current environmental health reports, 6(3), 160-166.
Gupta, A. (2020). Globalization and Health–A Conceptual Framework. Journal of
Commerce, 8(1), 13-20.
Zafar, M. W., Saud, S., & Hou, F. (2019). The impact of globalization and financial development
on environmental quality: evidence from selected countries in the Organization for
Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD). Environmental Science and
Pollution Research, 26(13), 13246-13262.
Zeibote, Z., Volkova, T., & Todorov, K. (2019). The impact of globalization on regional
development and competitiveness: cases of selected regions.
Morin, J. F., & Blouin, C. (2019). How environmental treaties contribute to global health
governance. Globalization and health, 15(1), 47.
Frumkin, H., & Haines, A. (2019). Global environmental change and noncommunicable disease
risks. Annual review of public health, 40, 261-282.
Amalia-Gianina, S., Stan, S. N., & Ciornei, L. (2019). Fundamental Issues of Environmental
Education and the Impact of Socio-Economic Development on Public Health, in
Globalization Context. Annals” Valahia” University of Targoviste-Agriculture, 13(1),
29-33.
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