1GLOBAL INNOVATIONS AND TRENDS The essay describes a major global trend in the Tourism and hospitality management industries. The purpose of the essay is to identify and examine key factors that affect global trends within these industries as well as investigating and assessing major future trends within the industries. The essay chooses ROBOTICS as a global trend within these industries, examines key factors that affect this trend by giving a brief history of the trend and explains three context specific issues of the trend by investing and assessing the current impacts of that trend as well as providing well-considered predictions for its impact on these industries in future.(Pritchard, 2018). The use of Artificial Intelligence (AI) in robots is discussed by combining Augmented and Virtual Reality techniques.The essay concludes by mentioning three criticisms of the cited trend within these industries and critically assesses their validity .Key factors driving global trends within these industries are Catering to Milennials, Tech Explosion, Influx of international visitors, increased emphasis on health and well-being And Need for seamless technology.(Papathanassis, 2017). This trend coalesces science and engineering to produce robotic mechanisms to assist humans in job performance. This is basically a mechanism by which machines are developed as substitutes for human beings and are made to do humanly activities. The history of Robotics goes back to the time of Industrial Revolution, when complex machines were used. Modern robots were first used in industries as machines. Since the 20 th century, digitally monitored robots have been used having Artificial Intelligence (AI).Use of robotics in hospitality industries has become a common phenomenon throughout the world. Its usage ranges from Artificially Intelligent chat boxes which assist in customer servicing to robot assistants serving guests in hotels. George Devolmade the first robot by copyrighting a manoeuvre called Unimate. This model was later modified into an industrial robotby businessman cum engineer Joseph Engleberger in late 1960s. (Bowen & Morosan, 2018).
2GLOBAL INNOVATIONS AND TRENDS Robotics is being used to a large extent in Hospitality and Tourism industries .The essay describes three context specific uses of Robots in these industries.Firstly, in hotels and hospitals, people often use a moving object as suitcase while travelling. This is the specific use of a robotic suitcase called TRAVELMATEthatfollows the user on its own. Making use of anti-collision technology, it can turn a full circle and eliminates the worries of being carried or pushed .Secondly, flights and hotels can be booked by using ROBOTIC CHATBOTS.As a chatbot is a type of software conducting visual, audio or text conversations between people, these robotic applications can deliver basic customer services by intelligently guidingcustomers through the booking process.Thirdly,deploying robots for the security of airports is a major technological innovation. (Hsu, 2018).These SECURITY ROBOTS can provide excellent service by identifying concealed weapons and helping to provide safety and peace of mind to passengers while travelling.The impacts of employing robots as illustrated above are proving beneficial to the hospitality and tourism industries. Robots in hospitality industry improves the overall experience of guests, as information can be provided at the touch of a button .Check-ins and Check-outs have been made easier by robotic assistance.Another use of AI using robots in Hospitality is Data Analysis in which robotic technology can be used to sort data throughsurveys and online reviews .AI can then analyse this information to conclude about the overall performance of the industry .(Murphya, Hofackerb & Gretzelc, 2016).Robots can apply AIin Hospitality industriestoimprovehuman-robotcommunicationbyusingAugmentedReality (AR).Medical robots facilitated with Augmented Reality can help to reshape the future of disabled persons. Robots can be used in healthcare by performing delicate surgeries as well as providing direct assistance to patients .Using Virtual Reality trains robots to identify objects. This technique can be applied in hospitalsto teach robots the finest biological structures in the human body.Robots can respond to customer needs and answer them
3GLOBAL INNOVATIONS AND TRENDS instantlythus helping in information gathering. They recognize faces and remember names which gives greater personalization to guests or employeesof the mentioned industries. ( Kvach , Koval & Hrymaliuk, 2018).A real-life example of introducing a robot in hospitality industries is Alibaba A.I. Labs that develops Alibaba Group’s consumer AI products. It will be launching a robot to make deliveries to guests, such as food and laundry to guests.It willbeabletointeractwithguestsbyusingvoicecommandsandtouchandhand gestures .Lastly, the most beneficial thing about implementing robotics in these industries is that they save human labour and time.(Murphy, Gretzel& Hofacker ,2017) Implementing innovative techniques to incorporate robotics can improve service delivery of products in the industries. This can be done by integrating Artificial Intelligence (AI) in robotics. In this way, the robots can perform various human operated tasks which can turn out to be a wake-up call for the industry .Merging robotics and AI can help improve the experience of the customer, decrease costs of staff and increase operational efficiency (Zsarnoczky, 2018).Introducing robotics in the hospitality industry will reduce the percentage of errors .Integrating AI –powered robotics with hotel management software makes it easy to execute repetitive tasks with minimal errors. .As this industry will face labour problems in future, so integrating the functions of the industry with robotics will solve the labour problem of this industry to a large extent. Moreover, there will be stratification of services when they willbeembeddedwithrobotsorthefacilityofArtificialIntelligence.(Ivanov& Webster ,2017). As far as theTourism Industriesare concerned, the implementation of Robotics and AI can prove to be an enhancing factor to its growth. Travel companies are investing in artificial intelligence in robots, which refers to performing seemingly intelligent tasks, by mimicking human observational concepts. Robotisation is a form of artificial intelligence (AI). In the Hospitality and Tourism industries, production robots have been replacing
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4GLOBAL INNOVATIONS AND TRENDS employees due to advancements in technologies. Robots work more precisely and accurately than human employees. Creative solutions such as 3D printers and the self-learning ability of these production robots have the ability to replace human workers. Robots in Hospitality industries can provide in-person customer service and can deal with basic customer-facing solutions. An example of integrating artificial intelligence in the industries is an AI robot calledCONNIE.This robot is able to providetourist information to customers who interact with it. It has the capability to learn human speech and can adapt to individual needs. Use of robots in tourism industries by applying Virtual Reality can enhance its growth in a number of ways such as allowing tourists to handle precious historical artefacts in virtual form .The adventoftechnologicalbreakthroughsintourismindustryisenhancedbywhimsical robots .They function as virtual assistants to turn off the lights or turn on TV, to automate checking of baggage and helping in face recognition while boarding at airports.Robotics can increase hospitality by incorporating themselves into other industries. In future, robotic security guards can be used for patrolling Olympic Games .One major future impact can be seen in the form of a robotic guard“Perseusbot”. It has inbuilt security camera due to its feature of having Artificial Intelligence. This helps the robot to identify shady people. It will be tested prior to the 2020 Tokyo Olympics and Paralympics between November 26and November 30, 2020. The robot has an inbuilt ability tokeep away from stumbling blocks while on guard and is vigilant in sending signals to policemen when it identifies a dangerous situation. (Tung & Au, 2018) Despite the above benefits that the trend ofRoboticsmay give to the Hospitality and Tourism industries, it suffers from certain criticisms and concerns. One major criticism that this trend of robotics face is the fact that a time will certainly come when humans will be replaced by robots which will lead to unemployment at a vast rate. This criticism is forcing many people to avoid using robotic applications at work. An increased use of robots can lead
5GLOBAL INNOVATIONS AND TRENDS to increase in demand of specialist employees at work. Implementing robots at the workplace can lead to high initial investment costs within the industries .Robots are very expensive to purchase and needs a form of long –term investment. Another criticism that arises is the fact thatrobots can never act beyond their range of pre-programmed actions. Robots can never give the same feeling of warm welcome to guests in the industries as humans give. Thus, use of robotics in the mentioned industries becomes a sort of mechanical procedures rather than givingan emotional and satisfactory appeal to the people. Tourism industry uses robots in the form ofDRONESor Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs). These are used to accomplish missions that are dull, dirty or dangerous for human beings. These are robotic applications in Tourism industries that are criticized for being a severe threat to privacy. There is always a possibility that drones can harm innocent persons, so their use is less prevalent in these industries.As robots tend to malfunction, inoperability may crop up anytime which will require immediate troubleshooting. (Alexis, 2017). The essay describes a market trend named ROBOTICS in relation toTourism and Hospitality industries. Theconcept ofrobotis discussed in brief by citing historical references of the early robots designed to make human tasks easier to perform. The essay further discusses the incorporation of Artificial Intelligence (AI) into robotics and its application is seen in the two industries mentioned namely HOSPITALITY and TOURISM. Future impacts of robotics is predicted in the two industries along with some real-life applications of integrating robotics with hospitality management as well as Travel and Tourism .The last section of the essay describes criticisms and issues related to application of robotics in the two industries.By using robots, the hospitality industries face problems such as increased cost of equipments, lack of co-ordination, lack of emotional connections and decrease in self –efficiency .The tourism industries, on the other hand hesitates to use
6GLOBAL INNOVATIONS AND TRENDS robots as it has less technical know-how about AI and hesitates in investing a large amount in robotic equipments. (Bilgihan& Nejad ,2015).
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7GLOBAL INNOVATIONS AND TRENDS REFERENCES Bilgihan, A., & Nejad, M. (2015). Innovation in hospitality and tourism industries.Journal of hospitality and Tourism Technology,6(3).https://doi.org/10.1108/JHTT-08-2015- 0033 Alexis, P. (2017). R-Tourism: Introducing the Potential Impact of Robotics and Service Automation in Tourism.Ovidius University Annals, Series Economic Sciences,17(1). http://stec.univ-ovidius.ro/html/anale/RO/2017/Section-III/16.pdf Tung, V. W. S., & Au, N. (2018). Exploring customer experienceswith robotics in hospitality.International Journal of Contemporary Hospitality Management,30(7), 2680-2697.https://www.emerald.com/insight/content/doi/10.1108/IJCHM-06-2017- 0322/full/html Ivanov, S. H., & Webster, C. (2017, June). The robot as a consumer: a research agenda. InMarketing:experienceandperspectives”Conference(pp.29-30). https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=2960824 Murphy, J., Gretzel, U., & Hofacker, C. (2017, May). Service robots in hospitality and tourism: investigating anthropomorphism. In15th APacCHRIE conference(Vol. 31). https://heli.edu.au/wp-content/uploads/2017/06/APacCHRIE2017_Service- Robots_paper-200.pdf Murphya, J., Hofackerb, C. F., & Gretzelc, U. (2016). Robots in Hospitality and Tourism: A ResearchAgenda. http://3ws1wk1wkqsk36zmd6ocne81.wpengine.netdna-cdn.com/files/2016/12/ RN107.pdf
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