Global Tourism: Characteristics, Growth, and Challenges

This report explores the nature and trends of global tourism, investigates the characteristics of key tourist generating and receiving areas, determines specific reasons for the growth of these areas, and reviews the challenges to the future development of global tourism.

Global Tourism
Destination

Table of Contents
INTRODUCTION...........................................................................................................................3
MAIN BODY...................................................................................................................................3
1 Interpret statistics to accurately present an overview of the nature and trends of tourism on a
global scale..................................................................................................................................3
2 Investigate the characteristics of key tourist generating and receiving areas of the world......5
3 Determine specific reasons for the growth of key global tourism generating and receiving
areas of the world........................................................................................................................6
4Compare and contrast the differences between a range of emerging global tourism
destinations in relation to stages of the destination life cycle, factors driving growth, and
strategies employed.....................................................................................................................7
5 Investigate the role and responsibilities of key international organizations in the
development of global tourism....................................................................................................8
6 Review the significance of various threats, issues and challenges to the future development
of global tourism.........................................................................................................................9
CONCLUSION..............................................................................................................................10
REFERENCES..............................................................................................................................11

INTRODUCTION
There is a great need of tourism in the world because it helps the GDP of the country
improve and also there are a lot of positive effects of tourism in the world. The countries which
have a high tourism in the country they are very stable economically and that helps the countries
to develop themselves. There is a huge importance of understanding the tourism in the world
because that is a great importance in making the countries develop. There are factors which the
countries can work upon so that they can make there tourism factor better so that they can get in
a lot of tourists in the country so that they can gain something out of it.
The report is going to consist of scale and nature of global tourism, Growth and
characteristics of key emerging markets, the roles of key organizations in the development of
global tourism and the threats, issues and challenges of the future in development of tourism
globally. It is very important for the countries to understand this factor so that they can improve
upon them and make their own country get in a lot of tourists so that they can get an advantage
and make there economic conditions stable.
MAIN BODY
1 Interpret statistics to accurately present an overview of the nature and trends of tourism on a
global scale
The visitors in London have increased since from 2002 to 2016. There were 11 million
people who can in London in 2002 and 19 million people in 2016 (Choi and Cai, 2018). The
country has gained 11.9 Euro's with the tourists coming in the country. The rates of
unemployment in the country is reducing because of this factor.

London is one most the most popular destination in the world therefore the tourism in the
country because of London is very high and that is not just beneficial for the city but the country
as well (Saarinen, Rogerson and Hall, 2017). Tourism employees about 700,000 people and has a
contribution in the economy of about Euro 36 billion. Tourism factor has 11.6% of the capital's
GDP.
It has been analyzed that the international arrival of tourists has been increased from 6%
to 1.4 billion in year 2018. In middle East it has been increased to 10% and in Africa it has been
increased to 7%. Expenditure in travel and tourism has been raised by 4%. They have given job
to 118,454,000 people.
Trends of tourism
There is a major need of understanding the trends which are effecting the tourism
globally and the city because if the country is willing to have stability of economy in the city.
The needs and wants of the tourists also keeps changing the cities who are dependent on the
tourism factor they must make sure that they are following the needs and wants of that so that
they can continue to have the tourists from coming in the city.
Solo Travel
In today's world people like to travel solo because they just want to travel without any
pressure of the partner or children or family with them because they solely want to enjoy there
personal leisure time. The youth prefers to choose for this type of trips so that they can find there

life partners, and they can freely do what they want to do in the trip without being guided by the
group they might have to go with earlier (Connell, 2016). London is very much prepared to
welcome such tourists in their country because they appreciate the idea of traveling alone.
Eco Travel
There is so much pollution all over the world but tourists are looking forward to visiting
such places which are not so much polluted so that they can enjoy the environment of the city
they are traveling to (Buckley and et.al., 2015). This is a very trending type of traveling in the
tourism department. There is a lot of carbon in the atmosphere of most of the cities and Nepal is
trying to improve that factor of the city so that there can be more people coming in the city.
Local Experience
There are a lot of tourists who are traveling in the world who willingly want to get the
local experience in other cities and countries because that will give them a different outlook for
the world. This can even help a lot of businesses to grow and make them a better market for
themselves. Understanding the local areas so that they can expand their business in those cities
and countries. Tourism is high in India because there are a lot of local experience which the
tourists can receive in the country.
2 Investigate the characteristics of key tourist generating and receiving areas of the world
There are a lot of places which are there in London which are worth visiting which are
Coca-Cola London eye, Tower bridge, tower of London, Big Ben, etc. These visiting sites are
very popular because of few factors which will be discussed in the further report.
Tourism generating area
The population of London is 8,173,941 according to the census and the next census will
be in 2021 which will give an even better explanation of the city. Compared to the other cities in
the world the city is not so crowed because they have a systematic rules and every citizen there
follows them very much. The most spoken language in the city is English which is exactly why
the tourists want to travel to this city because they will find it easy to communicate. There is a
mixture of different people staying in this city. London has the fifth largest metropolitan
economy in the world according to the census of 2011 (Richards, 2016). London has made
United Kingdom's ¼ GDP which would be around $700 billion. The relationships of the country
with the other countries are very friendly therefore that factor makes the tourists feel even more

comfortable and wants to make the people travel to this country and especially this city. Since,
London has the largest urban area in United Kingdom, the tourists would want to travel to a
place like this because that will make the tourists get all the expectations fulfilled they have with
the city. All the facilities will be there and the services of the city and the hotels and restaurants
will be very high as they would want to feel comfortable in a foreign city.
Tourism receiving areas
The climate factor of the city is not in favor of tourism to take place in this city but the
tourists till get attracted to this city because of the cities services and the tourist destinations in
the city. There is light snowfall which is again a tourist attraction for this city and rainfall is
possible anytime throughout the year in the city (Jamal and Camargo, 2018). The summer
temperature is also not that high and is moderate for the tourism to take place in the city. The
environment factor of the city got way better after the Olympics 2012 and the city has gained a
lot from that factor. Cleanliness in the city is very high and that factor is also attracting a lot of
tourist in the city. The locals are facing this trouble that the tourism in the city is increasing due
to which the air pollution, noise pollution and traffic congestion is increasing in the city. The
government of the city is trying to fix this problem for the locals. London is known to be the
culture capital in the world. The culture of London concerning with the festivals, music,
engineering, museums, etc. The world's largest theater platform is in London.
Tourism generating areas: The major tourism generating areas in world are Paris, Italy, Ireland.
They generate high amount of money.
Tourism receiving areas: The main tourism receiving countries are France, United states, Spain,
China. They are engaged in attracting more travelers than any other country. These regions are
also being affected by various environmental, political and other factors.
3 Determine specific reasons for the growth of key global tourism generating and receiving areas
of the world
Factors of tourism in various places
There are various places like London, France, Paris, China and many more who are
having a lot of tourism throughout the year because of the factors that the city is having a lot of
landmarks in the city which is why the city is making so much of revenue. There are a lot of

historical places which are there in places like China and Paris which tell great stories about the
city. There are great stories behind all the tourist destinations in world which is attract people
from all over the world. About 20.42 million travelers who are attracted to this city and this is
because the communication with the locals is easy and the guidance for a tourist is very easy. A
tourist who is coming so far off from their native place need security and guidance in other cities
and various traveling place is providing the people with this privilege so that they feel
comfortable in the city. It is very important to make the tourist feel comfortable in the city
because they must want to visit the city again and again which will be beneficial or the country.
They are making a lot of revenue for themselves for the development of the city so that they can
be one of the best cities for traveling to in the world (Mazor-Tregerman, Mansfeld and Elyada,
2017). The city is getting in a lot of changes which are required to get in the right tourist in the
city, and they are fulfilling the needs and wants of the tourist in the world.
4 A's of tourism
Attractions
There are a lot of factors which are there in London which are attracting a lot of tourist in
the city. There are so many destinations globally which the tourist would want to travel to so that
they can get to know the city better and the history of the city. A lot of landmarks are found in
London which are worth visiting because of the history which has taken place in the city.
London is having the worlds the best culture and the environment of this city is another form of
attraction for the tourist.
Amenities
To fulfill the needs and wants of the tourist there are a lot of outlets and building which
have been made for the comfort of the tourism. There are a lot of road signs and maps made all
over the city of the city so that they can be guided from one place to another if they are not
having any guide with them (Ghaderi, Saboori and Khoshkam, 2017).
Access
The city is very developed because it is the most urban city in United Kingdom and has
developed itself a lot because of the tourist coming in the city this was required. The
communication and transport from one place to the other is very good. There is a hop on and hop
off bus which is mainly for tourist so that they can take a tourist of the entire city in just one day.
Ancillary

There are a lot of organizations locally in the city which are helping in the increase of
tourism in the city. Local guides and people who are opening small ventures for the comfort of
the tourism so that they would be willing to come again and again in the city (Manhas, Manrai
and Manrai, 2016).
4Compare and contrast the differences between a range of emerging global tourism destinations
in relation to stages of the destination life cycle, factors driving growth, and strategies
employed
TALC
Figure 1Talc model
(Source: Talc model, 2017)
TALC stands for tourism area life cycle which is a theory which deals with analysis of
the factors which are influencing tourism and then how to get the problems removed so that there
can be more tourism in the city. The two emerging destinations this further report will be
discussing are India, Bhutan and Nepal (Wu, 2016).
There are five stages in Talc Model. It includes the following:
Exploration: Countries such as India, Bhutan and Nepal must have engaged in exploring the
various trends which is being followed by other countries. It has been analyzed that India is not

having a great tourism in the city because the visa process is too complex which the tourists do
not want to go through to travel so much, The cost is too high for the tourist and there is a high
level of VAT which is being applied on the tourist than the other European countries.
Involvement: The government will have to make the tourism for the tourists a little simpler so
that they can attract a lot of tourism. India has a lot of attractive places the tourist would love to
travel but because of the few factors the people are not willing to travel to this city.
Development: When government will involve in decision making of emerging destination like
India, Bhutan and Nepal the these places will develop. It has also been analyzed that Bhutan has
a lot of places with a lot of traffic congestion because of the bottlenecks which are found in the
city, there is a domination of the shops of souvenir that is why the other businesses are not being
able to develop in the city (Scott and Gössling, 2015).
Consolidation: The government is trying to make the balance in the people who are living in this
city so that other businesses can come in the city and the development of the city is also being
done so that the traffic in the city reduces such as in Nepal and Bhutan.
Stagnation: In these emerging destination like India, Nepal and Bhutan will be able to attract
more number of travelers to their place.
5 Investigate the role and responsibilities of key international organizations in the development
of global tourism
UNWTO stands for United Nations World Tourism Organization is an agency of
specialized united nations which helps in developing the tourism of the countries (Assaf and
et.al., 2017). This organization will help the countries to develop the environment of the country.
There are a lot of policies which are being put forward by the United Nation of the world so that
they could promote tourism in the world. Tourists are safe where ever they travel because it is
very important to provide the tourist with the safety when they travel.
Aim of the policies- UNWTO wants to make policies for tourism because that will help
the economic stability in the countries, international understanding, prosperity, respect and peace
between all the countries. There is observance of human rights and freedom fundamental without
disrespecting anyone because of race, language, religion and sex.
IATA stands for international air transport association is a trade association of all the
airlines in the world. There are 117 countries with 290 airlines under IATA . IATA makes
policies so that the people can travel in the world freely, and they are not being cheated upon

(Mathew and Sreejesh, 2017). The prices of the airlines is too high for the people to pay for
therefore this association is made so that they could be fair to everyone in the world. The
headquarters are in Canada and the executive officer is in Geneva, Switzerland.
Aim of the policies- This association is made so that they can focus on the security of
people so that they can travel safely and the profitability of the air transport industry which are
connecting long distances for traveling purpose. Mission of IATA is to lead, represent and serve
the airline industry. This will help the tourist trust on the tourism of the countries and will help
the countries to have better standards of living in countries.
PATA stands for Pacific Asia Travel Association is formed for the travel and tourism
factor in the region on Asia Pacific (Pratt and Liu, 2016). This is to provide the tourists a
pleasant stay in the areas which PATA is covering and this is just a way to make the tourism
improve over these regions. This association came up because there was a huge requirement for
the tourism to grow because the there were a lot of trouble which were being faced int his region
regarding tourism which the association took care of.
Aim of the policies- This was made so that the development of the tourism department
could take place in the Pacific region. This association also helped in holding conferences and
seminars in the region. This is very important for tourism to continue in those areas so that there
is a better coming of economic factor for the development of the countries.
Role of local and international government: In this local and international government
provide them with facilities to build up infrastructure. They have also given various laws and
policies which supports development in travel and tourism. The government plays a major role in
getting tourism in the country which will make the country have a better functioning for
themselves.
6 Various factors that affects travel and tourism industry
There are various macro environmental factors that affects travel and tourism industry that
includes the following:
Political:
The religion which is being followed in the country is also not so friendly for the people
who are traveling in the country for the first time because they are not used to the religion and
the culture of the country (Brondoni, 2016). The terror attracts are the most where there is too

many religions. Safety and security for the tourist is very important and the countries must
promise to the tourists that they will be provided with that factor so that they can travel in their
country where ever they want to.
Economic:
Globally the people have started spending a lot on traveling and different places each
time because most of the people like exploring. It is very important for all the countries to have
developed so that they can attract a lot of tourist to their location. Tourism in any country means
there is a need of employment and the GDP of the country is improving which will make the
country develop for the betterment of the tourists and the people of the country. Taxation in
Europe is high which does not mean there is no tourist going there but that is creating a limit for
tourism in the country. The countries will have to work on their tourism factor because that is
getting in a lot of positives for the country (Kiráľová and Pavlíčeka, 2015).
Environmental:
The place which are over populated, too much pollution, diseases, etc will not be having
too many tourists in that place because those factors are not keeping the tourist safe and healthy.
The climate and the environment should be clean so that the tourist can travel freely in the
country and the transportation should be good for them so that they can easily travel . Pollution is
increasing globally which is why the tourists do not want to travel which can be bad for the
world tourism and development.
Social Trends:
There are a lot of wants and desires which can be seen in the human needs and
understanding the wants and needs of the tourists can help the country get a lot of advantage
(Sardak, 2016). There are Eco travelers, solo travelers, etc which are now in trend so the
countries will have to adapt to these factors so that the tourist want to travel to such places.
Expectations of the people can change from one person from another which is why there has to
be a better change in the mind of the people before tourism takes place in countries globally.
Technological Trends:
Media can play a very important role in getting in tourism in the country because media
makes a huge impact on the people. It is very important for having the media speak positive
about the country so that the tourist get attracted to the place. Technology over all is also making
a lot of difference in the tourism in the world because there are a lot of online agencies which

have opened which are making the traveling for the tourist even simpler so that the tourist can
travel better without worrying about any other factor (Lenzen and et.al., 2018). The travel agents
are being fair to the tourists now but before they were not being fair and the tourism globally was
getting affected because of this reason.
CONCLUSION
There are a lot of destinations which are coming up in the world for tourism but there are
a lot of changes which can be observed in the needs and wants of the tourist which the countries
will have to world up. There are a lot of factors which are helping the countries to develop
because of the tourism which is taking place in the country. London is one of the most popular in
tourist destination because of the factors which are in favor of the city for tourism. There are a
lot of policies and associations which have come in for the betterment of the tourism to take
place in the world.

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