Global Travel and Tourism Pattern and Trends

This document discusses the key milestones in the development of the travel and tourism industry, the different elements of the industry and how they interrelate to create the tourist experience. It also explores the factors that affect tourism behavior and explains the models of motivation and their influence on the consumer decision-making process. Additionally, it identifies recent and emerging patterns and trends in the international travel and tourism industry.

Global Travel and
Tourism Pattern and
Trends

Table of Contents
INTRODUCTION ..........................................................................................................................3
TASK 1............................................................................................................................................3
P1.Discuss key milestones in the development of travel and tourism industry and how they
shape the industry........................................................................................................................3
P2. Identify the different elements of travel and tourism industry and explore how they
interrelate to create the tourist experience..................................................................................4
TASK 2............................................................................................................................................6
P3. Determine the different factors that affects tourism behaviour............................................6
P4. Explain models of motivation and how they influence the consumer decision-making
process.........................................................................................................................................7
TASK 3............................................................................................................................................8
P5. Identify recent and emerging patterns and trends in the international travel and tourism
industry........................................................................................................................................8
TASK 4..........................................................................................................................................10
P6. Examine the factors affecting the popularity of a range of global destinations..................10
CONCLUSION .............................................................................................................................10
REFERENCES..............................................................................................................................11

INTRODUCTION
Travel and tourism refers to that aspect which is concerned with the moving of individual
from one place to another for at least 24 hours for business or pleasure purposes. Tourism is
travelling to different location for shorter period of time but travelling is a wider concept which
involve all the aspect of industry that initiate tourists. British Airways is the chosen company for
this report. It is the passenger carrier airlines in United kingdom(Sanjeev and Birdie,2019). Its
headquarter is in London and is the second largest airlines in the country. It is founded on 31
march 1974. This report will cover the key milestone in the development of travel and tourism
industry and they shape the industry. It is explains the different factors that affect tourism
behaviour. It also analyse the models of motivation and impact of these model on consumer
decision-making process. Furthermore It will identify the emerging patterns and trends in
international travel and tourism industry and the factors affecting the popularity of a range of
global destinations.
TASK 1
P1.Discuss key milestones in the development of travel and tourism industry and how they shape
the industry.
As a consultant working for UNWTO, there are various factors which contribute in the
development of travel and tourism industry and contributing in the growth of the economy.
Travel and tourism industry is constantly changing with the time according to the current trends
and culture of the country. Technological advance in the industry impact the travel industry at
large scale. Travel companies are using advance technology and uplifting the industry towards
modernization and development. In ancient time, people use to travel with the help of horse,
Elephant etc. Now technology has changes the scenario of travelling from one place to another.
There are various key milestone in the development of travel and tourism industry are as follows:
Pre-historic period travel- Travel began from people use to travel in search of food, escape
from enemies or to expand the national boundaries and in search of peace. These are the basic
requirements of individual for travelling.
Ancient time travel- During the 3rd century BC, the traveller of Greek use to visit for healing
gorge and the main concern of travelling is to engaged in religious festivals. Egyptians had

various religious festivals, Hard building, pyramid. These are the point of attraction for
travellers. Festivals includes hawking and catering. For music and dance, the Anthems town is
very popular with its magic art. Promotion of the place has done and developed on the road side
which is connecting this town to accommodation inns.
Middle Ages or Dark tourism- During this time, there was a huge war of Roman Empire and It
is the great fear in the world due to insecurity. People use to travel different religious places,
Hindus visit temples and hospitality sector offering accommodation that is called charitable
offer(Pappas and Bregoli, 2016) . In Britain and USA, the roads are developing and tolls charges
were taken to use the road.
Renaissance period tourism- In 17th and 18th century, Introduction of Art and literature in the
region and there was a great invention of art and architecture. Hotels are constructing in
innovative way and attract the tourism toward themselves with their beauty and services offered.
Industrial period tourism- In 19th and 20th century, people use to do farming and agriculture
activities to contribute in development of rural areas and lifting toward urbanization that require
labour. It will leads to growth of middle class people for better education, good lifestyle.
Industrialization includes advance of technology, railways, auto mobiles which makes travelling
an easy aspect.
Modern tourism- Today Tourism industry involving the advance technology with rich market.
People are becoming more educated and are aware about the modernization in the hospitality
industry. This leads to growth of hotels and travel companies with satisfying the current trends of
the travellers.
P2. Identify the different elements of travel and tourism industry and explore how they
interrelate to create the tourist experience.
Travel and tourism industry is the large industry which involve various elements that
expands the size of the industry and their areas of operations in the market. This helps in
providing better customer service and this leads to increase the brand image of the company.
Various elements of tourism industry are as follows:
 Travel agent: A person who plan the travel for individuals, groups and corporations with
linked to various hotels, airlines, cruise lines, package tour and car rental. It is the
specialized job which required high knowledge of various location and their point of

attractions. Travel agent is concern with the providing travel information, preparing
itineraries, planning and costing tours, ticketing and insurance.
 Tour operator:It is a company that purchase various travel component separate from
customers. These operations are meant for attracting the customer. Tour operator offers
various packages which comprises of travelling mode, Accommodation like hotel,
apartment and resorts, travel services like airport pick and drop and excursion(Ionescu,
et. al., 2019) .
 Lodging and catering: Travel and tourism is not only stick to travelling. It also concern
with the accommodation of the individual in different type of inns, cottages or houseboat
to five star hotel. Catering offers various cuisine food with proper hygiene at entertain the
guest.
 Transportation: for perfect travel experience, An individual or group need transport to
visit different location an enjoy there. Modes of travelling will be chosen by client and
this is concern wit the availability of seats. A choice of transport is depends on travel
budget, time, destination and purpose.
 Information and Guiding: This is the element that play an important role in creating
good experience of travelling. This create an impactful impression of visitors mind by

comfortable with the essence of culture and their language. Information can be related to
the destination with various unknown aspect of the business.
 Attractions: This is the point which contributes in the advertising of the destination. If
the hotel is near the beautiful destination where large number of customer visit the place,
It will impact on accommodation facility as many visitors are coming, they will visit the
hotel too. These destination helps in accessing the large group of customer towards their
hotel.
TASK 2
P3. Determine the different factors that affects tourism behaviour.
There are various factors that affect the behaviour of consumer for tourism and impact
the different location accordingly. If the travel and tourism company considered all the factor
and then relocate their business. It will seek high revenue generation. The various factors are
explained as follows:
 Historical or cultural factors: Destination with history have the significance importance
on tourism. People who are interested in history and getting to know the history of a
specific places will attract to that destination and love to explore the place. It includes
forts, ancient architecture, caves, utensils, clothes and heritage of the place(Gössling,
2017) .
For example, Westminster Abbey is the famous place in London, where the crown of king and
queen are still places and people love to watch their beauty and history.
 Geographical factors: These are the factor which is concern with the weather of the
specific location. Travelling is majorly impact due to different seasons in the
environment and people love to visit in winters in hill station and Love to explore the sea
beaches in spring season. Individual who are interested to travel according to the season
will love the weather favourable destination. British airlines will generate higher profit by
giving their services in weather favourable place.
 Technology trending: These are the factors which is concerned with the advancement in
the technology that will leads to attract the large group of customer towards the
destination. Internet is penetrated to almost every location in the world and tourism are

enjoying the benefit of that. Tourist explore the destination identifies their point of
attraction and various services on internet then plan for the trip to that destination. It will
impact the choose ability of the destination.
 Cultural factors: These are the factors which is determined by the individual perception
or belief towards specific culture. This includes festivals, language of the specific culture.
 Research importance : If the traveller is interested in searching for the new places and
gathering information in Archaeologies, Geologists, Oceanographers. This is the interest
of the individuals for doing research for Art and Culture and developing their knowledge
and becoming good researcher.
P4. Explain models of motivation and how they influence the consumer decision-making
process.
Maslow's hierarchy is the motivational theory that comprising of five model of needs of
human. It is a pyramid shape in which bottom of the hierarchy upward. The five stages includes
physiological, safety, love, esteem and self actualization(Cook, Hsu and Taylor, 2018). It is
divided in deficiency needs vs. growth needs. First four stages refereed to deficiency needs and
top level is known as growth or being needs. It explains that individual must satisfy lower level
deficit needs.
Maslow's hierarchy of needs:
1. Physiological needs:These are the basic requirements of the human being for the
survival which includes food, shelter, clothing and sleep. These needs to be fulfilled to
the individual. If these needs can be fulfilled by any reason then the human being can not
function properly in their life and leads to create problem. These needs are considered by
the Maslow as the most important as all the other needs become secondary until these
needs met the satisfaction.
2. Safety needs: This is the second stage of Maslow need theory It explains that once the
physiological needs are satisfied for an individual then the safety need is the main
concern in each aspect. Different people have various experience order, predictability and
control on lives. Society can full fill such needs which involve medical care, business. If
the employee feel safe with financial security, emotional security then they will work
effectively to achieve the business goals.

3. Love and belongingness needs: After fulfilment of physiological and safety need, the
third stage is love and belongingness needs. This is fulfilled by the relative, loved once
and society. In this stage an individual feels about the be longness of the individual. This
needs motivate the interpersonal relationship in the society. It encourages friendship, trust
and acceptance in life.
4. Esteem needs: This is the forth stage in which individual feels self esteem need that
includes dignity, achievement and independence. It also include the desired reputation or
respect in the society like prestige and status(Connell, 2016). Maslow indicates this
needs as the important one for children that think for their self esteem or dignity.
5. Self-actualisation needs: This is the top level needs of Maslow theory. It refers to the
self actualization of the individual in their work place or in personal life. It is the stage
where people think their self-fulfilment. Seeking personal growth in the life.
After analysing the all stages of Maslow's need theory, The manager of the British Aires should
focuses on various needs of the individual and direct their business in such a way that it will not
hurt the sentiments of the individual or group. This will help in creating good impact on society
and leads to increase the productivity and profitability of the business.

TASK 3
P5. Identify recent and emerging patterns and trends in the international travel and tourism
industry.
There are various emerging pattern and trends which is uplifting the international travel
industry (Christian, 2016) .These trends needs to be come I the consideration for every hotel to
boast their profitability by initiating the higher sale in the business. Emerging trends and pattern
of the travel and tourism industry are as follows:
 Bleisure travel: This is the emerging trends in the economy where people travelling for
work or business includes relaxation time in the destination. These trip can be pre-
planned by the employee who manage their job and enjoy their vacation at a point of
time. Organisation may offer business trip to the employees to motivate them for their
specific job role.
 Automation: In the current scenario the companies are adopting the various advance
technology uplifting the business in the market. Advertisement is becoming cheaper for
British airlines by the advance technology. In the COVID period, the automation is rising
constantly in the companies. Tour and activities companies is adopting the reservation
technology in their business.
 Mobile booking: Internet is the extensively used technology in the everyone life. Mobiles
are becoming the basic needs or necessity of the individual. When tourist is booking their
tickets on mobile(Brondoni, 2017). It is the easiest way to book their ticket in quick
approach. British airlines is offering mobile booking for the client to book their ticket in
easy access.
 Personalization: Every guest want a personalised service while travelling. According to
think with google, 57% of the tourist believe in personalised service that gives better
experience. Company should treat the guest according to their needs. This will leads to
repeat ion in the guest visit and boast their sale in the market ad generate higher revenue.
 Sustainable tourism: People are becoming more aware to save the environment and
people are taking action for sustainable environment. Company is using various aspect
with the consideration of environment exploitation. These are using single use of plastic

and solar panels for the effective use of electricity in the organisation. Sustainable
tourism is creating positive impact on culture and economies.
 Solo travel: People are likely to travel alone and this is the current trends of travelling
across the world. It gives self-awareness and wonderful experience that makes the an
individual feeling strong and more confident. People are likely to travel alone with
different reason or to enjoy alone(Booyens and Rogerson, 2016). Solo travellers are
opting the professional tour guider that will bring various job opportunities for the tour
operators.
 Wellness travel: These are the travellers which is seeking the trip with consideration of
health and sense of well-being. For example a helicopter tour, paragliding adventure can
be for personal development to getting out from fear or expanding horizons. This give
opportunities to the travel and tourism for expansion their business in large market.
TASK 4
P6. Examine the factors affecting the popularity of a range of global destinations.
There are various factor that is affecting the popularity of a range of global destinations
and the factors are as follows:
 Environmental factors: This is concern with the environment condition of the
destination. A good climate is the important factors of attracting the tourist
towards the destination(Becken, 2019). Fresh climate with ample of sunshine
attract the tourist that come cool region and low temperature. For example In UK,
most of the sea-side resort are located on a warmer south-east. People from
summer areas travel to cooler place to seek pleasure of climate and doing
adventurous activity.
 Socio-economic factors: these are the factors which includes the Accessibility of
the destination that the location will be easily accessible by the various modes of
travel. A location must be having good accommodation facilities that traveller can
enjoy the destination and have good staying facilities
 The destination should have various adventurous activity like skiing, roping,
paragliding, rowing etc. there should be Ancillary services like banks, hospital,

insurance facility should be given to the traveller for their easy stay and best
experience in the travelling.
 Religious factors: these are the factors which is concerned with the type of tourist
who are having belief in specific religion that reflect the individual culture,
activities etc. for example, Varanasi and Amritsar is the holy places and tourist
use to travel for the purpose of visiting temple.
CONCLUSION
This is concluded from the about that Travel and tourism industry is the growing industry
and running their business operations according to the current trends of the market. It is also
contributing the highest share to the country's economy. Tourism is defines as the planning for
trip that should be at least more than 24 hours. This also includes accommodation and catering of
the individual guest. This report has analysed the various milestone in the development of the
travel and tourism industry that shaped the industry. It also analyse the different factors that
affecting the tourism behaviour. Climate is the important factor that contribute in uplifting of the
business. Maslow's need theory suggest that each need should be fulfilled by the industry and
leads to change the business culture. By using mobile booking and personalization for the
traveller makes the better experience in their jounery.

REFERENCES
Books and Journals
Becken, S., 2019. Decarbonising tourism: mission impossible?. Tourism Recreation
Research, 44(4), pp.419-433.
Booyens, I. and Rogerson, C.M., 2016. Tourism innovation in the global South: evidence from
the Western Cape, South Africa. International Journal of Tourism Research, 18(5),
pp.515-524.
Brondoni, S.M., 2017. Global tourism and terrorism. Safety and security
management. Symphonya. Emerging Issues in Management, (2), pp.7-16.
Christian, M., 2016. Tourism global production networks and uneven social upgrading in Kenya
and Uganda. Tourism Geographies, 18(1), pp.38-58.
Connell, J., 2016. Reducing the scale? From global images to border crossings in medical
tourism. Global Networks, 16(4), pp.531-550.
Cook, R.A., Hsu, C.H. and Taylor, L.L., 2018. Tourism: The business of hospitality and
travel (Vol. 6). New York: Pearson.
Gössling, S., 2017. Tourism, information technologies and sustainability: an exploratory
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Ionescu, G.H., et. al., 2019. The impact of ESG factors on market value of companies from
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Pappas, N. and Bregoli, I. eds., 2016. Global dynamics in travel, tourism, and hospitality. IGI
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Sardak, S. and Sardak, V.D.S., 2016. Global innovations in tourism.
Sirgy, M.J. and Uysal, M., 2016. Developing a eudaimonia research agenda in travel and
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