Grief and Loss Theories Models and Scenario Application

Running head: GRIEF AND LOSS THIEORIES AND MODELS 1
Grief and Loss Theories Models and Scenario Application
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GRIEF AND THEORY MODEL 2
Part A
Introduction
Grief is the pain that a person experience after losing people who are very close to
them for example, family members, friends, colleagues at place of work, loved ones and much
more. It is not only limited to loss of people but can also be a situation in which people find
themselves at when separated from their loved ones. Grief comes as a result of confusion and
guilt that might arise from the rosy relationship experienced between the affected and the lost
one or separated one. Grief can never be suppressed but must be obeyed. It is a process that that
must come to pass through a person’s life and majorly depends on the handling to come to its
positive end. It is also a fact that every individual has a way of overcoming grief depending on
how they go through the stages; hence it is unpredictable to give a particular way in which a
person can overcome grief (Stroebe, Boerner, & Schut, 2017).
The theories and models of grief and loss have been ellaboratetly expressed by
several Scholars, who include; Lindemann, Freud, Kubler – Rose, Bowlby, Parkes and Worden
among others. These stages and models have been discussed below.
Lindemann a clinical expert shares with people his experience in the field of
hospital where he attended to people who had gone through and had an experience of disasters in
their lives, by coming up with a theory of grief that explores on the following five phases;
 He first talks of the phase to be called Somatic disturbance which majorly explores on
respiratory conditions such as acute breathing and major problems with the throat among
others.

GRIEF AND THEORY MODEL 3
 The second phase is a scenario where the victim is preoccupied by the image of the lost
one in their minds which keeps on being reflected now and again appearing like being
haunted.
 The third phase is guilt that comes as a result of some negligence or lack of responsibility
when the incident occurred. This guilt is also accompanied by image reflections of the
victim’s failure to do the right thing to save the diseased.
 The fourth phase is the victim’s expression of anger and getting hostile to the immediate
environment. The victim may react to everything with aggression and hostility making it
unbearable.
 The sixth phase is characterized with difficulty in carrying daily routine as a result of the
effects on the victim.
Lindemann’s school of thought is that for the victim to psychologically pass
through these ordeals then they have to absolutely do away with the diseased from their minds in
order to get along with the new environment devoid of the diseased.
Freud in his scholarly work asserts that the aspect of grief was by a away in which
those mourning would deviate from the world making the process of accepting the reality of
occurrence be step by step. This psychological aspect of detachment was to ensure that the
mourner would slowly lose the bond with the diseased to get back to normality. To overcome
such grief, Freud believes that one has to work on a possibility way of overcoming that grief.
This aspect is also commonly known as a process of letting it go in order for one to heal. The
basis of this theory is on clinical experience hence might be difficult to experiment with the
entire population to work.

GRIEF AND THEORY MODEL 4
Kubler – Rose also renowned scholar who worked with psychiatric patients came
up with a theory model which is based on how an individual can understand and cope up with
death. Assertion is made on the following five stages of grief as discussed below;
 The first stage is denial which comes as a result of the occurrence of death or death yet to
occur. The victim cannot afford to accept the misfortune that have befallen them or yet
to.
 The second stage is characterized by anger. The furious and agitated victims becomes out
of reach as a result of pain that orchestrate anger in them.
 The third stage is the bargain, characterized by moving on or not. The victim ponders
about their lives with or without the diseased and the future that awaits them.
 The fourth stage is depression, where the victim stressful nature puts their lives hanging
on a balance after a deep thought and imaginations.
 The last stage of grief is acceptance, where the victim accepts their fate and move on with
life. The mind is no longer preoccupied by the relationship with the deceased but how to
cope up with their deaths and forge a new path ahead.
The theory is also hospital based as the scholar used psychiatric patients making it
difficult to be stretched to the entire society and fit well among non- psychiatric patients. The
model also outlines that it best fits those who have lost their love ones coping with life after their
deaths and those in critical condition and do not accept that their time in the world has come to
the end.
Bowlby with the theory of attachment lays emphasis on the need for human beings
to embrace early developed attachments in life. In his four flexible phases that are overlapping,