Cultural Tourism and Sustainable Development

This assignment delves into the complex relationship between cultural tourism and sustainable development. Students are tasked with analyzing the multifaceted impacts of cultural tourism on economic growth, local communities, and the environment. The analysis should draw upon relevant academic literature and incorporate real-world case studies to illustrate the complexities involved. Furthermore, students are expected to propose practical solutions for mitigating negative impacts and promoting responsible cultural tourism practices that contribute to sustainable development.

Heritage and Cultural
Tourism Management

Table of Contents
INTRODUCTION...........................................................................................................................1
TASK 1............................................................................................................................................1
1.1 Analyse the growth and development of the heritage and cultural industry ...................1
1.2 Discuss potential conflicts in the conservation of heritage and cultural resources..........2
TASK 2............................................................................................................................................3
2.1 Assess the purpose of heritage and cultural attractions in meeting the needs of different
customers ...............................................................................................................................3
TASK 3 ...........................................................................................................................................4
3.1 Evaluate the impact of different types of ownership on the management of heritage and
cultural sites............................................................................................................................4
3.2 Analyse roles and responsibilities of an organisation in the Heritage and organisation
culture.....................................................................................................................................6
TASK 4............................................................................................................................................7
4.1 Evaluate methods and media used for interpretation within the heritage and cultural
industry for tourists ................................................................................................................7
CONCLUSION................................................................................................................................8
REFERENCES................................................................................................................................9

INTRODUCTION
Tourism is one of the blooming sector in the economy now a days. The population are
travelling here and there searching for an open air excitements. Travelling has several reasons
like people move to undertake meeting or events, they may travel to make fun or recreation.
Cultural heritage tourism is a part of tourism directed towards cultural heritage location where
tourism is prevailing.(Timothy, 2011).
The present report is based on the growth and development of the heritage and cultural
industry with in travel and tourism. The report is focussing on the potential conflicts in the
conservation of the heritage and cultural resources regarding the study of Lhasa which in Tibet.
(Ashworth and Larkham, 2013)
The report explaining how the needs of different customers are meeting with the help of
the heritage and cultural attractions. It also explains the roles and responsibilities of organisations
in the heritage and cultural industry. The methods and media used for interpretation regarding
this for tourists is discussed here.
TASK 1
1.1 Analyse the growth and development of the heritage and cultural industry
Culture and heritage tourism principally comprises the components such as living
civilisation , history and moral significance of a place. The relation of culture and tourism is
collectively become beneficial. It creates additional income runnel for both. As a result it
encourage and amplify cultural resources which is diminishing in this era. The economic
development of the UK, security and honour are seen as the contribution of this. Stonehenge,
Roman empire in Germany, London museums , etc. are some important area of cultural and
heritage which is located in UK . The industries as well as government are mutually working for
the preservation of these areas as they are the keys to make more revenue. Other advantage
regarding this development are scattering tourism on the basis of spacial as well as secular as it
is independent of the climates or weather. The resolving issues in terms of particular place
development is done by the private and government bodies on the contract basis. The private
sector gives contracts to workers for the taking care of individual places and this is making
employment for them on the regular basis (Newsome and et. al., 2012). The government bodies
also generating livelihood by creating jobs for the protection and management of the cultural
heritage like forest department jobs to care of several national sanctuaries of birds as well as
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animals. The society love to travel the sanctuaries and exploring the flora and fauna by making
images of it. As a result this impact an important place in the commercial field (Smith and
Richards,. 2013) .
Different chances and economical fields hazards are examined by doing proper planning
and research over travel and tourism and resolutions are made by concentrating on decreasing the
weakness or enhancing its power. This also gained support from municipal and geographical
supremacy. Hence this is aiding in the upliftment of cultural and heritage in travel and tourism
industry in UK. These industries are treated as an assets in achieving the destination
continuously. The Olympics is occurring on London in past few years. Because of this a large
population of the world is visiting this place. At this time the crowd are moving towards the
monuments and other historic places (Zhang and et. al., 2011) . The evaluation of tourism
destination competitiveness Consecutively making a way for the growth of small or large scale
businesses here. The glorious events are arranged here like Queen's Diamond Jubilee. Here all
the historical places are redecorated due to this the place has regained a reputed image. This
event become a major factor for the development of this place and increment the travel and
tourism industry directly. People came London for becoming alive audience of some events like
Queen's Diamond Jubilee, Olympic games , Royal Baby, etc. from all over the world. What is
the reason of coming doesn't matter whether it is for making fun ultimately spreading the cultural
heritage importance.(Lynch and Chute, et .al ., 2011).
1.2 Discuss potential conflicts in the conservation of heritage and cultural resources
The conservation of heritage and cultural resources has been highlighted by the
population of the country. As they realised the ancient places and monuments are disappearing
day by day. The ethics of cultural heritage has also been decreasing by the sole of people due to
several reasons discussed below. The commercial growth has also affected a lot by generating
waste materials at large scale. It causes the harm to the cultural resources and beliefs also.
(Richards, 2011 ) .
Tibet is identified as the roof of the world as it is a world wide tourism destination. It is
the home of religious temples, Dalai Lama and unique hospitality of Tibetan people. Lhasa is the
capital of Tibet which is mostly visited place in the country. There are approx more than 10
million people visiting yearly. The people are mostly domestic plus foreign visitors and
journalists who are travelling in this region (Salazar, 2012) .This shows that half of the revenue
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collection is arranging from the travelling and tourism industry. The potentials of Tibet has been
recognised by the Chinese government and also from some large scale projects. A Chinese
government-led renovation of Lhasa’s traditional Barkhor old town district outside the sacred
Jokhang Temple, as well as plans for a Tibetan theme park on the city’s outskirts (an investment
of $4.8 billion dollars), are about to boost the tourist numbers in near future. Also Inter
Continental Hotels Group (IHG) plan to open ‘Resort Lhasa Paradise’ – a proposed themed
hotel with 1,100 rooms making this the biggest luxury hotel in Lhasa (Keitumetse, 2011) .
But there exists a number of potential conflicts. The reasons for these conflict-ions are as
follows:
 This conflict is risen by the London-based Free Tibet. They had launched a campaign
to boycott the IHG hotels . They are saying that this project neglects the repressive
political scenario for the civilians living there. They are also making concerned about
the PR according to them it gives priceless gifts PR to the Chinese government bodies.
This is answerable for the mistreatment of gross human rights around the Tibet
(Hartmann, 2014 ) .
 An international haunt group of five star hotel is being constructed in the Lhasa( the
capital of Tibet). This can set more financial ventures in the city which enhances the
cultural heritage of Tibet. But it has also warned by the abroad advocacy group.
 The Free Tibet has also been showing concern about the the IHG employment stratigies
telling that this can be a made a reason of discrimination against those population who
are not able to speak Chinese (Cuccia and Rizzo, 2011).
TASK 2
2.1 Assess the purpose of heritage and cultural attractions in meeting the needs of different
customers
The protection of culture and heritage steps is very rigid task as the ancient monuments
which are in their natural form from many years have to keep the same in the future coming
years. If any interchange is done scientifically or by engineering causes the loss of natural look
as well as value for the that place. The visitors are coming from all parts of globe to see the
natural beauty of the buildings or monuments by spending a large volume of money. But if they
are not getting so.. then this will ultimately creates a bad impact on the country financially
(Jimura, 2011) .
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The reasons for keeping the scientific museums is to conserve the scientistic innovations
done in the past as well as existing in the present times. Several scientific museums are present
in UK attracting a large number of scholars or entrepreneurs. They get engaged in several
calculations and even they use their wisdom to do so as the past innovations are inspiring a large
group of people. The major inventions like lie- detector, artificial intelligence created many
robots, etc. which gives an efficient contribution in the country's growth economically as well as
educationally. Manchester, a place in UK consists of several museums where the past shocking
innovations are decorated. This attracts a large people to take a look on that. The first plan
engine, James model of DNA , etc. are some examples of such innovations (Ashworth and Page,
2011). Therefore the persons who are quite interested in modern science and technology travel
these places.
The IHG hotel in the Tibet generates a lager amount of jobs. This also increases the
tourisms income there. This aids in developing the living style of the Tibetan people. The
growing tourism industry also helps local civilians by creating new jobs locally like one who
spoke Tibetan can be hired as tourist guide. The hotel owners also said that they will talk to non
government organisation(NGOs) to keep the commitment of human rights by creating more and
more local economic golden opportunities. Hence by making these chances the hotel is really
improving the livelihood as well as their living standards. This ultimately contributes a lot in
making capital's value (u, B., 2011 ).
So, the heritage and cultural attractions are effectively meeting all types of needs of
different customers living in different regions.
TASK 3
3.1 Evaluate the impact of different types of ownership on the management of heritage and
cultural sites
The management of heritage and cultural sites has made a great impact on different types
of ownerships or organisations. The revenues received by the travel and tourism mainly from the
heritage and cultural sites causes many ownership including the public as well as commercial
organisations fall to get ownerships. The private ownerships are those which comprises all
profitable enterprises which are not operated by the government body. While those corporations
which are being a part of government sector and controlled by them also are known as Public
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ownership. The examples of these different ownership are given and discussed below (Ashworth,
and Page, 2011) .
Many ownerships are working towards protecting the cultural heritage and the
monuments in UK. One of them is the English Heritage which is also known as historic building
and monuments commissions of England. It is a non government sector working for the welfare
of the historical monuments and culture. It is an example of 'private based ownership'. The
English Heritage being a registered charity manages the collection of national heritage. This
consist of over 400 historical buildings of England more than 5000 years old monuments and
sites. The portfolio includes Stonehenge and the best preserved parts of Harridan's wall. Its job
is to conserve the ancients buildings, palaeoecological sites, historic immersed environment, etc.
The British government made a plan to the English Heritage so that it become an independent
financing charity by providing it approx eighty million revenue. The national portfolio which
deals with historical properties sustains to be public ownerships but the English heritage has
given the licence to manage them in 2013 (alazar, 2012 ).
Heritage Lottery Fund was established in the UK under the National Lottery etc. Act in 1993.
The fund was granted to be used in 1994. It is an example of 'public based ownership. It is an
public body which is non departmental sponsored by the culture, media and sport's department.
The money earned from the National Lottery is used by Heritage lottery fund to be remained
same and modified. With the help of this organisation the historic areas, museums, park, art
gallery, etc. . get the investments. It is run by the pre existing NHMF( National Heritage
Memorial Fund). The yearly turn over of HLF is more than that of the work of NHMF. The
decision controller are situated in the Scotland, Wales , etc. Therefore the public as well as
commercial owned heritage ownerships are getting large amounts of profits. Hence the Heritage
Lottery fund is effectively aiding towards the upliftment and management of heritage and
cultural sites by attracting large group of people to visit its site globally. In fact several tourists
get engaged in this work and consecutively they are making revenue based on it (Du Cros and
McKercher, 2015.).
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3.2 Analyse roles and responsibilities of an organisation in the Heritage and organisation
culture
Many organisation are working for protecting the historical monuments and cultures.
English heritage is also working for protecting the monuments and cultures .It is not obligatory
for an organisation to work on it. It is totally depend on the willingness of the organisation. For
this function ,one commission body is made that is a non government body , is known as
“Historic Building and Monument Commission” that works for protecting the historical
building and architecture. This body is made in UK and also known as 'English Heritage '. It
had taken responsibilities for protecting the historical building and cultures with in the English
coast. In UK, not only English Heritage is working but also other organisation is also working
like National trust , woodland trust , Heritage Lottery fund etc. It's main objective is to protect
the the natural beauty of the country as well as plants , animal lives etc. It is only the basic aim
to protect it but its major objective is to protect that places and houses where tourists are
visiting for picnic purpose because foreigners are coming in the country for the purpose of
visiting ,they take an image of the country . If there is no natural beauty then tourist will not
come then there will be loss of foreign currency to the government as well as will occurred
other losses. So for protecting these all thing, English Heritage ,woodland Trust takes an
initiative (Richards , 2011).
English Heritage has following roles and responsibility towards Heritage and Culture
industry which are as follows-
 It does investment in this industry for supporting and encouraging the development
of the this industry .
 It has responsibility to develop the heritage and other places where tourists are
visiting.
 It makes rules regarding to protect the heritage and culture of the country that have to
follow by everyone [companies as well as individual ] .
 It evaluates the historical building and culture timely if there is any requirements of
repairing or any other things then it organises for it.
 It gives the incentives or rebates if any business are following the scheme and helping
in protecting the tourist places.
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 It have to give advice and organise programme for telling the people about the rules
and regulation related to the heritage and cultures.
 It makes laws that every business have to follow and report it.
 It manages the budget and makes strategic planning .
 It manages the funds from the external source.
 It contacts the media for promoting the tourist places.
 It ensures that there should be cleanliness so-that visitors will not affected
negatively .
 It designs and analyse the feedback of the visitors.
 It uses technology for increasing the no . Of visitors.
 It recruits and motivate the employees for take care of building;
 It develops the different different ways for attracting the visitors and conducts
programme so that visitors can enjoy it .
TASK 4
4.1 Methods and media used for interpretation within the heritage and cultural industry
The media is one of the key factor used for interpretation with in the heritage and
cultural industry aiding the tourists in the British Museum and royal arts in London. The main
motto of the media is to increase the visitors by creating an attracting picture of the ancient or
cultural heritage. They make them understand the importance of that after visiting and making
a large no. of clicks of the ancient monuments ,art galleries, sanctuaries, museums, etc.
Victoria and Albert museums is such a museum which has enlisted several methods that are
used to clarify and increase their practices in the form of art- drama. It also signals the stories
related to the same. The stories created the medial make a good brain wash of the country
people and also the tourists with its guides. The crowd reads that parts and make themselves
knowledge -full regarding that area.
The management or engagement of historic events and fairs are also done by them.
This attracts a lager no. of citizens and tourists across all over the world to visit that place and
make them enjoy. This enhances the revenue's value of that place also. The drama or play led
an important role in the UK at museums in London . The play can be done in any languages or
it may be in the combination of diverse languages. This keeps the cultural heritage of the UK
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or any country. The tourists travels that places and learn from that about the different cultures
and territories. The media corporation even make episodes regarding that and play on the
televisions by making their personal channels. Some time that play are shown live. The people
who are not the local can also learn others cultures partially. Civilians can enjoy that play by
their homes only . As a result they get attracted and in holidays they are used to visit such
places. This aids ultimately in making more customers for the tourist departments (Su, 2011).
The different media used by the British museum are following:
 Television channels: The museums uses different channels in order to make more
familiar their heritage and culture. They sometimes make their own television shows to
gain more popularity.
 Journals or books: The British also used to publish their magazines in which all the
relevant informations related to the museums can be gathered in book only. The
images of the ancient museums are kept in those magazines so that more people get
attracted only by seeing them.
 Posters: The organisation makes the posters of their monuments and stick those in the
streets and in marketing places. This spread information about that to all of the people
who crosses from them.
The Royal arts uses below listed media to gain attraction among the local or distant
people:
 Street play: The enterprise used to perform street or road plays so that the pictures
designed by painters or sketchers are known by all the civilians of the localities.
 Exhibition: The arts made by the artists can earn money as well as familiarity by
arranging exhibitions at different places.
 Television shows: The corporation make their own shows in which arts are shown so
that the one who are not known by these arts and design give knowledge about this.
CONCLUSION
From the above mentioned report it has been concluded that the travel and tourism has
grown its potential in the united kingdom. They saves the cultural heritages and other ancients
resources by taking various methods and with the help of media's organisation. The growth
and conservation of such heritage shows a dramatic interchange in the living standard as well
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as employment of the people of Tibet. But there exits some potential conflicts for example in
the IHG company which are being constructed in the Tibet's capital Lhasa. This causes boycott
of these developments by London-based free Tibet. This creates a situation of concern by the
owner of that organisation. The report also shows the purpose of heritage and cultural
attractions in meeting the needs of different customers. The British Museum and Victoria and
Albert Museum are such examples that shows the attractions and the fulfilment of different
visitor's needs.
REFERENCES
Books and journal
Ashworth, G. and Larkham, P. eds., 2013. Building a new heritage (RLE tourism). Routledge.
Ashworth, G. and Page, S.J., 2011. Urban tourism research: Recent progress and current
paradoxes. Tourism Management. 32(1).pp.1-15.
Cuccia, T. and Rizzo, I., 2011. Tourism seasonality in cultural destinations: Empirical
evidence from Sicily. Tourism Management. 32(3).pp.589-595.
Du Cros, H. and McKercher, B., 2015. Cultural tourism (Vol. 2). New York, NY: Routledge.
Hartmann, R., 2014. Dark tourism, thanatourism, and dissonance in heritage tourism
management: new directions in contemporary tourism research. Journal of Heritage
Tourism. 9(2). pp.166-1821.
Jimura, T., 2011. The impact of world heritage site designation on local communities–A case
study of Ogimachi, Shirakawa-mura, Japan. Tourism Management. 32(2).pp.288-296.
Keitumetse, S.O., 2011. Sustainable development and cultural heritage management in
Botswana: Towards sustainable communities. Sustainable development .19(1).pp.49-
59.
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Korstanje, M., 2012. Reconsidering cultural tourism: an anthropologist's perspective. Journal
of Heritage Tourism, 7(2), pp.179-184.
Lynch, M.F., Duinker, P.N., Sheehan, L.R. and Chute, J.E., 2011. The demand for Mi’kmaw
cultural tourism: Tourist perspectives. Tourism Management. 32(5). pp.977-986.
Newsome, D., Moore, S.A. and Dowling, R.K., 2012. Natural area tourism: Ecology, impacts
and management (Vol. 58). Channel View Publications.
Richards, G., 2011. Creativity and tourism: The state of the art. Annals of tourism
research, 38(4), pp.1225-1253.
Richards, G., 2011. Tourism development trajectories: From culture to creativity?. Tourism &
Management Studies. (6). pp.9-15.
Salazar, N.B., 2012. Community-based cultural tourism: issues, threats and
opportunities. Journal of Sustainable Tourism .20(1).pp.9-22.
Smith, M. and Richards, G., 2013. The Routledge handbook of cultural tourism. Routledge.
Su, B., 2011. Rural tourism in China. Tourism Management. 32(6).pp.1438-1441.
Timothy, D.J., 2011. Cultural heritage and tourism (Vol. 4). Channel View Publications.
Zhang, H., Gu, C.L., Gu, L.W. and Zhang, Y., 2011. The evaluation of tourism destination
competitiveness by TOPSIS & information entropy–A case in the Yangtze River Delta
of China. Tourism Management, 32(2), pp.443-451.
Zhang, H., Gu, C.L., Gu, L.W. and Zhang, Y., 2011. The evaluation of tourism destination
competitiveness by TOPSIS & information entropy–A case in the Yangtze River Delta
of China. Tourism Management.32(2). pp.443-451.
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