Nursing Safety Practices and Medical Errors

The provided assignment is a study on nursing safety practices and medical errors. It explores the challenges faced by nurses in implementing safety protocols and the consequences of errors in medication management. The research highlights the significance of reporting errors and the need for ongoing education and training to ensure healthcare professionals' skills and knowledge are up-to-date.

Research Paper

Guided questions Answer Template (Please do not Remove the questions)
Guided Question Qualitative Study Quantitative Study
1. Aim and
Significance
(5 marks 200
words)
Aim of the study- To
determine the experience of
nurses for preventing
medication administration
errors.
To analyse the importance of
medication safety.
Significance of the study- This
research will help to analyse
the performance and
experience of nurses
(Soydemir, D., Seren Intepeler,
S., and Mert, H. (2017)). It is
very important to because
nurses should be skilled and
they must work safely. Nurses
are in position for enabling
safe management of
medication. Medication safety
is defined as any preventable
event which may lead to
inappropriate medication use
or harm to patient.
Aim of the study- The major
objective of this research is to
investigate the association between
workplace supports and relationships
and safe medication practice among
graduate nurses.
Significance of the study- There are
benefits of positive workplace
climates and on the other hand, there
are negative affects due to
unsupportive and disruptive
workplace in health care
organisations. Graduate nurses are
new at workplace and they are at high
risk for medication errors (Melnyk,
B. M. nd Et. Al. (2018)). This
research will help in knowing the
need of enhancing the experience of
nurses and making them adopt
workplace of health care and serve
patients effectively.
a. What was the
aim and
significance of
the study?
2. Methods (10
marks 700

words)
a. Identify the
research design
used
in the study and
was
it appropriate for
the
issue discussed?
Research design is defined as
the plan made for answering
the questions of a research.
This is a strategy used for
implementing a plan. A good
research design is important to
conduct an effective research.
There are various methods
used of research design like
Surveys, Observation,
interviews, focus groups,
experiments, secondary data
analysis, mixed methods etc. .
Some of these are listed below-
Surveys- A survey is defined
as the method of collection of
data from a pre-defined group
of respondents (Melnyk, B.
M., and Et. Al. (2018)). This
provides information and
insight on research topic. A
survey includes collecting
information from people by
asking them questions about
the research topic.
Interviews- An interview is a
question answer round that is
used by researcher to get
results of research.
Secondary data analysis- This
There are different kinds of research
design like descriptive research
design, experimental research design,
correlation, diagnostic and
explanatory.
Descriptive- In this research,
investigator is interested in describing
the situation or case in the research.
This is a theory based research design
made by gathering, analysing and
presenting collected data. A
researcher is able to provide an
insight of need of research using this
method.
Experimental Research design- This
is used to establish a relationship
between effect and cause of a
situation. In this kind of research
design, affects of independent
variable on the dependent variable.
Correlation Research Design- This is
an non experimental research design
that helps in establishing a
relationship between two closely
connected variables. There are two
different groups required for
conducting this research design.
Diagnostic Research design- The
investigator is inclined towards
evaluating the root cause of the topic

is data analysis which is
collected by another person for
a primary purpose. This data is
effective for researchers who
have limited resources and
time.
Focus groups- A focus group
is a research method which is a
process of gathering of people.
In this kind of method, a group
of 7-10 persons are made to sit
in a room and they discuss
about product, service, concept
and research. There is a
presence of trained moderator
who conducts discussion with
these people.
Experiments- This is an
experimental research which
involves a hypothesis and
variables that are measured,
calculated and compared. This
is completed in a controlled
environment.
In the given case, a qualitative
method is used for the
completion of research. The
investigator has conducted an
interview for collection of data
from nurses. These are asked
about skills, knowledge and
in this research design. There are
three parts of diagnostic research
design such as inception, diagnosis
and solution of the issue.
Surveys are a common technique for
collecting quantitative data.
Researchers adopts online survey
tools for making web based survey.
for Online survey is used for
conducting this research. This is a
best way for collecting data from
nurses and other people of the
healthcare department. Online survey
takes less time and is a cheaper way
for collecting data (Kasemsap, K.
(2017)). This is a flexible method for
data gathering in which collected
information is more accurate and
quick to analyse.

abilities required by nurses.
This interview method is he
best way for the
accomplishment of this
research. This method helps
to collect in- depth information
on thoughts, experiences,
opinions and feelings of the
individual. Researcher is
benefited by taking interview
of these nurses and analysing
their experience in medical
administration errors.
b. Discuss the
sampling
technique,
inclusion and
exclusion criteria
used for the
selection of
sample in the
study
This study was conducted at
Academic Medical Centre
(AMC) which is a tertiary care
University hospital located in
Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
It has around 30 wards where
medications are stored and
prepared for administration by
nurses. Here, every nurse has
designated patients for whom
she has to prepare and
administer medications. A
qualitative exploratory
research was conducted on
these nurses (Fagerström, C.,
and Et. Al. (2017)). Purposive
In this research, descriptive
quantitative method is used. A survey
is conducted for knowing the
influence of workplace and
relationship of graduate nurse in
medication errors. This design
provides the opportunity for defining
new measures and establish
operational and conceptual
understandings of the variable. The
description of medication error was
taken from The National Council for
medication Error Reporting and
Prevention. The nurses who were
allowed to participate in the study
have to be recent graduates or a nurse

sampling is used to collect
data. The researcher
approached nursing managers,
their quality and safety
innovations and nursing ward
managers. Snowball sampling
is used to obtain the names of
nurses from different
departments that represents
different levels trainings and
seniority and varying attitudes
towards medication safety
practices. In this study,
participants have to be
registered nurses. These nurses
were send email for
participation.
who has completed 18-24 months of
clinical practise and completed
nursing degree. The framework
which is used to direct this study was
guidelines and principles of code of
conduct for research of the Human
Research Ethics Committee(HREC).
Survey instrument- In this research,
development of survey instrument is
made on the basis of five electronic
data bases like CINAHL, Medline,
Cochrane, Proquest and Pub med.
This research helped in knowing
suitable instruments and studies
which depicts the nature of
workplace supports and relationship
that influence graduate nurse
medication errors and safe
medication practise and measures of
the nursing workplace and disruptive
and supportive workplace behaviours.
Demographic characteristics- This
contains five items that examines
time of respondents since
registration, their length of
employment and area of work.
Nature of Medication errors and
erosion of safe medication practise-
This includes open ended questions
that examines experience of
respondents on medication error and

nature of these errors like drug, dose,
route, wrong patient, medication
omission, etc.
c.Explore the
data collection
method and its
appropriateness
to the research
design of the
study
The researcher conducted
semi- structured individual
interviews in between march
and December. This allowed
participants to speak freely
with structured guidance from
the interviewer using a topic
list which was based on
literature by Grol. This states
that when here is a planning
change in clinical practise,
potential barriers and
facilitators regarding the nature
of the innovation,
characteristics of the
professionals involved and the
social and organisational
context has to be addressed.
The data for research was collected
from respondents who were recruited
through the database of recent
graduates from three Australian
university schools of nursing. This
database contains 1425 recent nurse
graduates of three universities. The
survey link was emailed to graduates
by administrative staff (.Butts, J. B.,
& Rich, K. L. (2019).). Emails were
sent to three consecutive fortnights
by health faculties of the participating
universities. Online surveys have
response rates between 20 and 40%.
The research study included a total of
58 recent graduate nurses.
3. Data
analysis and
results (10
marks 600
words)
a.How was the
data analysed
and was it
appropriate for
the study?
The data analysis was
performed in parallel with the
interviewing process by
researchers. These interviews
were coded independently after
each interview. The codes
were compared and discussed
Survey data was taken from Qualtrics
online platform. This was hosted on
website of university and this data
was analysed using statistic package
for Social Sciences. Descriptive
statistics was used to identify logical
responses and extent of missing data.

until consensus on a coding
tree was reached. IN this
research coding and consensus
were performed iteratively for
the first 15 interviews and
coding was divided into five
interviews.
This research includes frequency
distributions ad Spearman's
correlation analysis.
b.What were the
findings/results
of the study?
There were 20 nurses in which
there were 15 females and 5
males.
The ability to work safely with
medications is influenced by
the awareness of the risk of an
error and the circumstances in
which nurses work.
There are several important
characteristics of safety
practices for acceptance and
implementation.
Some nurses say that practise
can be based upon common
sense and scientific evidence is
not necessary every time.
The mean duration of employment
for graduates is 13.2 months.
The majority of nurses are employed
full time in either medical or surgical
and acute or community care settings.
There are a number of support factors
which have a significant positive
influence on graduate nurse
medication practise.
The Spearman's correlations between
measures of unsupportive workplace
relationships and erosion of graduate
safe medication practise indicates
significant positive associations
between disruptive nurse behaviour.
c.Discuss the
limitations and
recommendation
s of the study?
MAE's are a major problem
and this study shows the
implementation of safety
practices is not enough to
ensure that nurses can perform
safe medication management.
Therefore, this research must
be conducted on daily basis to
The limitation of this research is
that it could have been
conducted at a large scale
for evaluating he
development of
undergraduate and
continuing education
programmes.

know the skills and knowledge
of health care professionals.
REFERENCES
Books and Journals
Butts, J. B., & Rich, K. L. (2019). Nursing ethics. Jones & Bartlett Learning.
Fagerström, C., and Et. Al. (2017). The role of ICT in nursing practice: an integrative literature
review of the Swedish context. Scandinavian journal of caring sciences. 31(3). 434-
448.
Kasemsap, K. (2017). The perspectives of medical errors in the health care industry. In Impact of
medical errors and malpractice on health economics, quality, and patient safety(pp.
113-143). IGI Global.
Melnyk, B. M., and Et. Al. (2018). A national study links nurses’ physical and mental health to
medical errors and perceived worksite wellness. Journal of occupational and
environmental medicine. 60(2). 126-131.
Melnyk, B. M. nd Et. Al. (2018). A national study links nurses’ physical and mental health to
medical errors and perceived worksite wellness. Journal of occupational and
environmental medicine. 60(2). 126-131.
Soydemir, D., Seren Intepeler, S., & Mert, H. (2017). Barriers to medical error reporting for
physicians and nurses. Western journal of nursing research. 39(10). 1348-1363.