Hacking and Cybersecurity

This study focuses on various cybersecurity issues and hacking threats, including phishing scams, ransomware, malware, denial of service attacks, and zero-day vulnerabilities. It explores prevention methods and solutions to overcome these threats.

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HACKING AND CYBERSECURITY
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Hypothesis/ Problem statement
There is an advancement in technology in the world today, and security remains the
primary concern of the systems and their technological advancement since there is a steady rise
in visibility of cybersecurity issues and hacking advancing day by day. In this study, the
researchers looked at various cybersecurity issues and hacking that are a threat to most of the
systems and the solutions to overcome them.
Phishing Scams is one of the cybersecurity issues that involves an attempt to access
personal information of an individual like passwords and credit card details for malicious use.
Hackers send emails that seem to be correctly from known sources. Scammers appear to be
transparent and only users who have wide knowledge about security will be able to identified.
Attacks clone the password with a legitimate text to trick users to access their credentials.
Prevention to these scams involve identification of suspicious emails by verifying their source of
before proceeding to open the documents attached to them, avoiding click to links attached with
the email that you are not sure of and maintain the security through installing of antivirus
software (Buchanan, B. 2016).
Through use of ransomware which is a malicious software that try to encrypts user’s data
and freezes such that it becomes invisible to the user while the attacker demands for payment to
decrypt the information to be available for user. To overcome this always have a backup of the
system in a different location so as to avoid blackmail (Lewis, J.A. 2013).
Malware refers to sending malicious threats, that either comes from Trojan horses or
spyware in different forms. Keeping antivirus software updated and frequent scanning of the
systems helps to reduce the risk of this type of attack.

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Denial of service is a form of cybersecurity attack where the attacker invades into the
system or its resource through the network and temporarily makes the services unavailable to the
users. Denial of service is saturating the system with requests that attempting to overload
systems and prevent rights from being satisfied. By combining traffic congestion, these attacks
disrupt service for real users over the networks. Denial of service can be prevented by reducing
the impact of an attack. The user should have the capacity to monitor the system from any attack
and mitigate the risks. Through use of automated techniques such as scrubbing and blackholing
help to removes traffic (Byres, E. & Lowe, J. 2004).
Zero-day vulnerability is a loophole in software that is not known by the user. Hackers
make use of this security loophole to exploit the system before its known by the users. Through
implementation of firewalls and use antivirus software help to secure the system from this kind
of attack. Use of real time protection software deployed like intrusion detection and prevention
systems that which offer full protection and response to immediately to any noted threat.
Mechanisms inplimented in the network that prevent spread of that threat over the systems in the
network (Orji, U.J. 2012).
Reference List
Buchanan, B., 2016. The cybersecurity dilemma: Hacking, trust, and fear between nations.
Oxford University Press.
Lewis, J.A., 2013. Raising the bar for cybersecurity. Center for Strategic and International
Studies.
Byres, E. and Lowe, J., 2004, October. The myths and facts behind cyber security risks for
industrial control systems. In Proceedings of the VDE Kongress (Vol. 116, pp. 213-218).

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Orji, U.J., 2012. Cybersecurity Law and Regulation (pp. 398-400). Wolf Legal Publishers.