Health and Safety in Health and Social Care: A Comprehensive Analysis

This essay explores the importance of health and safety legislation in the health and social care sector, focusing on the impact of policies like RIDDOR and the Mental Health Act. It analyzes the responsibilities of various stakeholders, including the HSE, employers, managers, and employees, in ensuring a safe and healthy workplace. The essay also examines the role of risk assessment in care planning and the effects of non-compliance with health and safety legislation. Finally, it discusses the importance of monitoring and reviewing health and safety policies and practices to promote a positive and safe culture.

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Contents
INTRODUCTION..................................................................................................................................................................... 2
LO1........................................................................................................................................................................................ 3
1.1 Review systems, policies and procedures...................................................................................................................3
1.2 Assess the responsibilities in a specific health and social care....................................................................................6
1.3 Analyze health and safety priorities appropriate for a specific health and social care workplace..............................7
LO2........................................................................................................................................................................................ 9
2.1 Analyze how information from risk assessment informs care planning for individuals and organizational decision
making...............................................................................................................................................................................9
2.2 Analyze the impact of one aspect of health and safety policy on health and social care practice and its customers
........................................................................................................................................................................................ 10
2.3 Discuss how dilemmas encountered in relation to implementing systems and policies for health, safety and
security may be addressed..............................................................................................................................................11
2.4 Analyze the effects of non-compliance with health and safety legislation in a health and social care workplace....12
LO3...................................................................................................................................................................................... 14
3.1 Explain how health and safety policies and practices are monitored and reviewed.................................................14
3.2 Analyze the effectiveness of health and safety policies and practices in the workplace in promoting a positive
healthy and safe culture..................................................................................................................................................16
3.3 Evaluate own contribution to placing the health and safety needs of individuals at the centre of practice.............17
CONCLUSION....................................................................................................................................................................... 18
REFERENCES........................................................................................................................................................................ 19

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INTRODUCTION
The Health And Safety At Work Act, 1947 (HASAWA) is a primary legislative part in the health sector. Under this act the
general duties of the health care providers towards the concerned people and the employees at work along with the
proper management of interactions and requirements are taken into account. This essay will focus upon how these
health and safety legislations when implemented and followed properly have their impact on maintaining and
monitoring the duties and responsibilities of the employees at the workplace, building a secure and safe environment
for themselves along with the care seekers and also helps in better understanding of the codes of practice so as to make
the health care providing system function in the best possible way.

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LO1
1.1 Review systems, policies and procedures
The policies, review systems and procedures are integral part of an organization. These cumulatively work in order to
achieve a proper functioning of the workers and the organization.
The policies can be defined as a set of instructions or the guidelines to be followed by the employees, which are
formulated or directly adopted by the organization to meet the long term goals set by the organization. Policies are such
tools which define what an organization has to accomplish and provide a proper set of rules of how it can be achieved
(Drummond et al., 2015). A number of policies have been put forward to achieve the predetermined goals of a health
care organization which include Reporting of Injuries, Diseases and Dangerous Occurrences Regulations 1995, (RIDDOR),
Control of Substances Hazardous to Health 2002, (COHH), Manual Handling Operations Regulations 1992 (MH), Mental
Health Act, 2007 and Health and Safety (First Aid) Regulations 1981, etc.
This essay will review two among these important policies. The Reporting of Injuries, Diseases and Dangerous
Occurrences Regulations 1995, (RIDDOR) policy comprises of keeping records of workplace incidents like major injuries,
work related diseases, deaths, dangerous occurrences and reporting them to concerned authorities. It also helps in a
better understanding of the employees and the manager about the adult safeguarding (Warren, 2016).
The inspection conducted by the Care Quality Commission (CQC) in the Fleetwood Hall care home found it inadequate in
maintaining the safeguarding issues. The steps and required processes were not adequately taken to protect the people
from actual and potential abuse. This can be attributed to the lack of training and knowledge among the employees
about the gravity of reporting such incidents. This ineffective reporting of such incidents were noticed on a regular basis
which implies that the care home is failing in following the proper RIDDOR protocols which leads to a huge safety
concern.

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The Mental Health Act, 2007, is another policy which aids in and looks after the understanding of special requirements
of the people with mental ailments (Perry et al., 2017). It focuses upon the importance of thorough medical assessment
and providing special care and trained mental personnel to these people with special needs. The Fleetwood hall turned
out to be inadequate in terms of fulfilling requirements of a proper number of mental health workers. The records
lacked a proper in depth assessment of mental health prior to admission, displaying lack of concern and trained
personnel. This inadequacy in following the proper codes of conduct and the policy protocols resulted in a multilevel
breach in regulation of Health and Social Care Act 2008.
Communication simply means an exchange of information. It is a process of conveying or expressing ideas, thoughts or
feeling through different means. These means of communication can be verbal, written or graphical.
In verbal communication the speech and language are used. It is the most important and most used means of
communication. A verbal communication method helps building a personal rapport and relationship among the
individuals. In our workplace the verbal communication is the main way of communicating with the residents. They are
greeted and listened to so that they can openly share their feelings and fears which can be looked upon in time because
of a well established communication.
The written communication comprises of writing emails, letters, memos and conveying information through the notice
boards. The Fleetwood Hall had a provision of complaint writing in case of any misconduct from its part. At our work
place we maintain the regular records in the form of written matter, the visitors consents, problems and needs regarding
the residents are written and kept as records for further improvements related to the provided services.
The graphical representation of communication has become a powerful means when other ways fail to provide a
desirable impact. It can easily be understood and followed by all the people effectively. The use of signs, posters and
DVDs comprises of this type of communication.

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In our workplace such demonstrative signs and posters are placed to make communication easier. The Fleetwood hall
should also incorporate such measures and plan an effective protocol to follow RIDDOR and mental health policies.
1.2 Assess the responsibilities in a specific health and social care
Responsibilities are the ability of an individual to act independently and take decisions without any authorization. It is
directed towards making people aware of the consequences of their decisions on health and making them accept their
responsibilities for health (Naidoo and Wills, 2016). In the given case study of Fleetwood hall home care the
responsibilities in health and social care are carried by the combined efforts of Health Safety Executive(HS), employers,
the manager and the employees.
The Health and Safety At Work Act, 1947 (HASAWA), has set up a public body which functions as a Health and Safety
Executive (HSE). The HSE is responsible for the enforcement and regulation of health, safety and welfare in workplaces.
The responsibilities of assisting employers in improving the health and safety, improving the existing regulations and
proposing new ones for a better workplace environment and ensuring that the regulations are strictly followed by the
organization are taken care of by the HSE. This is achieved by carrying fair inspections and investigations and maintaining
their records (HSE, 2017).
The employers have the responsibility of providing a healthy workplace environment to the caregivers. A regular check
on availability of well equipped workplaces and well trained staff and introducing caregiver friendly policies is the crucial
role of an employer (Ireson, 2018). They should monitor absolute and potential risks associated with the workplace and
ensure trained and updated employees capable of handling the situations. The Fleetwood hall home care lacked in a
proper trained care giving personnel, it also lacked in the number of staff required for a proper and harmonious
functioning to cater the needs of the residents.

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The manager in Fleetwood hall case study is responsible in meeting the requirements under the Health and Social care
Act, 2008. The inspection conducted concluded that the proper adult safeguarding protocols were not followed and
thus, a check on implementing policies and maintaining the records were required by the manager to be taken into
account.
The employees are responsible for keeping their knowledge regarding the ailments and their requirements updated,
being thorough with the training and policies concerned with the organization is the responsibility of the employees.
Following proper protection against the potential hazards and reporting any incident to the authorities is what
employees are responsible for. The Fleetwood hall home care had a shortage of employees and only a few were trained
and skilled enough to deal with the problems and situations arising with the residents however, the health care facilities
were effectively met by the employees when asked for.
In my work place the HSE, employers, the manager and the employees work in collaboration. Regular checks about the
services provided are done by the HSE and measures to improve them are implemented. It is ensured that every
member is well aware of the policies governing the functioning of the organization and the caregivers are updated with
newer technologies and trained according to the specific needs of the residents.
The Fleetwood hall is recommended to provide the caregivers with adequate training and follow the policy protocols
which will help in reducing the risks associated with the healthy and safety of the employees and the residents.
1.3 Analyze health and safety priorities appropriate for a specific health and social care
workplace
Priorities are the conditions which are regarded as more important than others. Priorities in health care can be defined
as those important aspects which are to be observed prior to planning any health care service (Sabik and Lie, 2008).
The health and safety policies are major component of priorities. These include RIDDOR, COSHH, manual handling, fire
safety and first aid services. According to the health and safety care act, 2008, following the mentioned protocols of
RIDDOR and manual handling is of great importance in the Fleetwood hall mental care unit.

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The issues and incidents occurring in mental health unit, even the minor one’s are of great concern, and under the act of
RIDDOR such incidents should be recorded and regulated. At the Fleetwood hall the minor occurrences, unexplained
bruising of the residents and abuses in physical and verbal form were not taken into consideration which affected any
improvements and handling skills of the caregivers. RIDDOR if applied and followed in a proper manner helps in
maintaining the record of any incident and implementing required improvements in caregivers training and equipments
thus, ensuring a proper tackling of such incidents and measures to minimize them and the risks associated (Tedone,
2017). The major drawback of RIDDOR is that it doesn’t ensure that the actions will be taken by the organization even if
every incident has been taken into account.
Manual handling is moving or shifting the people or objects from one place to another. For effective and safe manual
handling the caregivers and assistants are to be trained regarding the handling techniques and use of appropriate
equipments. The residents of mental care unit are the people with special needs so, specific precautions are needed to
be carried out for them. The lack of training among the staff of Fleetwood hall makes them at potential risk related to
improper manual handling. Manual handling is advantageous as it makes the procedure a safe and effective one if
carried properly avoiding any injuries to assistants and the residents. It can be of great concern and be a disadvantage if
carried out by unskilled and inexperienced personnel; an improper knowledge of equipment usage may pose a risk of
severe injuries and harm (Kneafsey et al., 2015).
At my workplace we ensure recording the incidents under the RIDDOR protocols and make it a point that the problems
are dealt with by implementing the changes required by the manager and the organization. Special training sessions are
organized for the manual handling procedures and having a better understanding so that each staff is well equipped
about the newer techniques and procedures.
Fleetwood hall is recommended to deal with the shortage of caregivers and make sure that they are well trained for any
situations and follow the legislative policies and regulations for the proper functioning and providing a safe and healthy
workplace for themselves and the residents.

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LO2
2.1 Analyze how information from risk assessment informs care planning for individuals
and organizational decision making
Risk assessment can be defined as an examination of what could cause harm to people so that you can weigh whether
you have taken enough precautions or you have to do more (HSE, 2017). Risk assessment comprises of five basic steps
which include:
Identify the hazards
Decide who might be harmed and how
Evaluate the risks and decide on precautions
Record your significant findings
Review your assessment and update if necessary
Anything that may lead to any kind of harm is a hazard for example, working with chemicals, working at heights,
electrical appliances; even the open drawers may present the risk of harm. Identifying such hazards can be done by
analyzing the activities performed and substances used at the workplace that could be harmful to the employees and
the residents.
Deciding who might be harmed and how can be made easier by asking and inspecting the employees about the potential
hazards they come across. This decision making aids in identifying the best way of risk control.
Evaluating risks and deciding on precautions is a very crucial step in risk assessment once the risk factors have been
identified. It helps in analyzing the level of risk associated with the potential hazard and the required precautions in
decreasing the risks or eliminating them.
Recording of the findings helps in communication and proper management of the potential risks. These significant
finding include the hazards and their associated risks along with the measures taken to deal with them. Keeping such
records lets one know the effectiveness of the measures and also is helpful for future references.

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The risk assessments are needed to be reviewed on a regular interval as it will help in knowing about the new workplace
hazards and assessing the effectiveness of the earlier measures in risk prevention (HSE, 2017).
A care plan is determined by the diagnoses and each individual’s specific needs and it provides a proper direction for
care of the patients. Information obtained from the risk assessment lets the caregivers plan individual care considering
the associated risks which accounts for a better and safe planning thus reducing any harm (Gausvik et al., 2015). The
case study conducted on Fleetwood Hall Home Care brought into notice that an effective risk assessment is not been
carried making the organization vulnerable to mishaps and harms. Proper mental and physical assessments of
individuals admitted were found to be incomplete resulting in lack of information about their special needs, if any. Also
the wedged open fire doors and moving floor in the corridor were not considered as a potential hazard to the people
with limited mobility. Care plans which were not updated and recorded properly also resulted in lack of communication
among the caregivers making them unaware of the needs of patients.
At my place of work each caregiver is held responsible to note the status of the patient about meals, drug administration
or any kind of specific needs and preferences which aids in better communication, understanding and providing the best
possible care. Fleetwood hall should also consider reviewing their care plan management and make necessary changes
and interventions to make it a place with reduced potential risks and problems.
2.2 Analyze the impact of one aspect of health and safety policy on health and social care
practice and its customers
Manual Handling Operations Regulations 1992 (MHOR) defines manual handling as, any transporting or supporting of a
load (including the lifting, putting down, pushing, pulling, carrying or moving thereof) by hand or bodily force (HSE,
2017).
The advantages include:
Proper training ensures an easier manual handling which also helps in reducing any accidents or mishaps.

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Reduction in accidents will in turn prevent any permanent harm or deaths and also saves the organization from the
fines.
Manual handling always possesses a risk and in case of mishandling it may result in accidents and injuries. Any injury to
the employees will directly impact on their work efficiency and working of the organization. The limited understanding
among the caregivers as found in the Fleetwood Hall will lead to accidents resulting in fines and organization can even
be sued.
The manual handling regulations can be broadly understood under PUWER and LOLER. PUWER is Provision and Use of
Work Equipment Regulations 1998, which deals with proper handling and safety related to the equipments used at
workplaces. LOLER on the other hand is Lifting Operations and Lifting Equipments Regulations 1998, dealing with the
proper, supervised and safe lifting operations and the legal duties related to it.
At my work place specially trained staff in manual handling carries the work. They have a thorough knowledge about the
equipments, their working and handling and whenever manual handling is to be performed it is done under the
supervision of experienced personnel.
Training of the employees in manual handling should be among the priorities of the organization and following the legal
considerations and proper handling will help reducing the associated risks.
2.3 Discuss how dilemmas encountered in relation to implementing systems and policies
for health, safety and security may be addressed
Dilemma is a decision making problem between two imperatives (Toren and Wagner, 2010). The prime example of
dilemma is the case study of Mrs Y where refusing of the straps meant for safety while manual handling is observed. This
makes the care workers in a dilemma of how to deal with such a situation. Such encountering of dilemma can be
addressed by the effective risk assessment on a regular basis to rule out any conditions giving rise to dilemma.
Discussing and explaining Mrs Y the possible outcomes of the safety measures if not carried out properly and reassuring

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her safety in future. Changing the equipments and making Mrs Y understand the importance of using such safety
measures and taking her into trust.
An effective communication plays a very important role in dealing such situations. It helps in building a rapport with the
service user which is a foundation of building trust. An effective communication between the employees and
organization will also help in ruling out any setbacks related to the equipments or training.
The effective use of RIDDOR will help in monitoring the incidents taking place which can be further taken into
consideration for any improvements. A regular record maintaining will help reducing the incidents and preventing
dilemma situations.
Carrying out the risk assessment will help rule out the absolute and potential risks and help in understanding the gravity
of problems associated with them. The risk assessment when carried out on a regular basis keeps a check on the harm
and incident occurrences.
Thus, the RIDDOR, regular risk assessments and establishing effective communication is of prime importance in dealing
with the dilemma situations and the incidents and it should be practiced effectively.
2.4 Analyze the effects of non-compliance with health and safety legislation in a health and
social care workplace
Non compliance is a failure in adhering to law requirements, industry and organizational standards and codes, principles
of good governance and accepted community and ethical standards (HSE).
The negative impacts of non compliance can be fines, imprisonment, damage of reputation and in worst cases closure of
the company.
A non compliance with the policies and legislative areas related to health and safety results in a long term negative
impact on reputation of the organization. Such non compliance may even lead to legal actions against the organization

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which will have more detrimental effects on its public reputation. The majority of employees in Fleetwood hall were
least aware about the policies related to the organization and a multilevel breach in following the regulations were
found to be in practice. Any complaints related to insecurities of the family of residents were not met properly, also the
scanty employees and improper record maintenance result in inadequate services and a presents a potential risk
towards reputational damage. Once the public reputation is damaged the organization is also constantly at the risk of
being closed by the authorities if proper amendments in following the policies and improving the services are not made.
However, if the compliance with the laws and acts are considered as a crucial component of adequate functioning, the
risk of incidents and injuries can be drastically reduced and make the workplace healthy and safe for the employees and
residents (Gordian and Evers, 2016).
Improving on RIDDOR and training the staff will spare the organization from any negative impacts and lead to a
harmonious functioning. The Fleetwood hall needs steps to be taken positively and seriously to improve the RIDDOR in
order to prevent any incidents by learning from past experiences. Also the inadequate training of the employees with
limited knowledge has to be ruled out by providing a proper training in handling different situations effectively. This will
not only benefit the residents but also, boost up the morale of the employees and will result in a healthy functioning of
the care home.

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LO3
3.1 Explain how health and safety policies and practices are monitored and reviewed
Monitoring and review is a process that helps improve performance and achieve results (UNDP). It helps in assessing the
performances and an effective decision making. Monitoring can be broadly discussed under active monitoring and
reactive monitoring.
Active monitoring is ensuring that a workplace meets the standards and criteria under the health and safety of the
organization prior to any incident where as, reactive monitoring measures the safety once an incident has occurred and
ensures the prevention of reoccurrences. Both the monitoring methods will help Fleetwood hall in improving the
practices and operations carried out in the organization (Boulton et al., 2014).
The three main ways of monitoring are:
Audit: audits can be conducted on a periodic basis in Fleetwood hall which will help in assessing whether the health,
safety and legislative standards are met properly. Such inspections will help if any requirements pertaining to
improvement in facilities are needed.
Spot-check: a regular check on randomly selected spots like emergency exits, fire extinguishers should be conducted in
Fleetwood hall to ensure the proper functioning and assess the requirements so that they can be of use in the time of
need.
Use of questionnaire: regular questionnaires completed by the residents, their families and the employees should be
conducted by the Fleetwood care home. This will aid in knowing how well the organization is functioning and how are
the health and safety protocols maintained.
The plan-do-check-act (PDCA) is an integral part of monitoring and reviewing. It is used for quality, processing and
performance management. The PDCA model can be illustrated as given below:

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PDCA is a continuous cycle which is used when a continuous improvement is needed. The planning stage comprises of
recognizing an opportunity and planning change accordingly. Once done with the planning, the identified change is
implemented and then the outcomes are checked by reviewing. Actions are taken on the basis of the learning found in
the previous step (Matsuo and Nakahara, 2013).
Fleetwood hall needs to follow the monitoring and review methods to achieve a substantial infrastructure and strong
framework of the organization.

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3.2 Analyze the effectiveness of health and safety policies and practices in the workplace
in promoting a positive healthy and safe culture
Culture is comprised of integrated patterns of human behavior (Linnenluecke, and Griffiths, 2010). The introduction and
implementing effective health and safety policies help in promoting positive health and safe culture among the people
of organization. The following can help in establishing a safe culture:
Complying with the policies and procedures of the organization helps maintain the decorum of the organization by
providing a systematic approach towards specific tasks. The basic protocol of these policies when followed brings
harmony to the functioning and also the inter employee relationships. The main drawback is the non compliance of the
organization and failure to train the employees and follow what is described which was the case with Fleetwood hall
where the policies have been incorporated but due to lack of proper knowledge a failure in implementing them was
observed.
RIDDOR being an integral part is needed to be followed and practiced properly. It keeps a check on the incidents and
aids in providing methods or interventions needed to prevent them. An inefficient recording may lead to breach in the
regulations which will become a hindrance in further improvement. The limited understanding of adult safeguarding
among the employees of Fleetwood hall led in inadequate practice of RIDDOR and frequent incident encounter.
COSHH which stands for, control of substances hazardous to health regulations. This deals with the employers and
employees having a substantial knowledge about the substances used at the workplace and their associated risk factors.
Once the employees are trained regarding the proper handling and usage of the substances at Fleetwood hall they can
reduce the potential risks.
The Safety Climate Tool

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It is the employees perception on how much safety is valued in an organization. When safety perceptions are positive
across the whole organization, the positive safety climate exists. It is measured by a series of questionnaires that asks
employees about their safety experiences and further rectifications are made as per the checklist provided in the survey.
3.3 Evaluate own contribution to placing the health and safety needs of individuals at the
centre of practice
I work as a senior care worker at a residential care home and being a senior worker I am having an ample of
responsibilities towards the organization, other employees and the residents. I will be evaluating two of them:
Effective communication: as a senior health care worker I have the responsibility to maintain a healthy relationship with
the other care givers and organization and this is only possible when a proper communication is established with them. I
am responsible to looking into any communication gap due to lack of record maintenance of the incidents and needs of
residents or due to any other barriers. It is my duty to demonstrate employees the new changes graphically so that it
can be understood easily and also keeping a check on the important instructions displayed in the organization wherever
needed in easiest possible way.
Practicing the policies and procedures: it is mandatory to practice the policies properly at my workplace. It is my
responsibility as a senior worker to make new staff well aware of these policies and make them accustomed in practicing

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them. I am responsible for checking and maintaining the records to make sure they have been recorded following the
policy protocols of the organization and then conveying them to the manager so that necessary changes can be
implemented.
Following the proper policies and individual responsibilities make an organization function in a complete manner and
helps make it a place healthy and safe to work.
CONCLUSION
It can be concluded from the Fleetwood hall case study the importance of maintaining health and safety at work place
and implementing policies regarding health and safety have a great impact on functioning and working of such
healthcare homes.

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