Public Healthcare Systems Report

RUNNING HEAD: HEALTH CARE 1
HEALTH CARE
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HEALTH CARE 2
Abstract
Better preparedness for fighting influenza can significantly help to mitigate its impact. Even the
low and middle-income countries have started to develop and implement national preparedness
and plans for flu. The level of preparation varies among countries by its ability to fund the
groups fighting influenza. These countries face unique and challenging problems and challenges
when managing disease. Low and middle developed countries face more problems when
addressing this issue and preparing for the same. Different pharmaceutical interventions, such as
antiviral and vaccines, are not much available in middle-income countries. Middle developed
countries cannot adequately deal with the widespread influenza pandemic due to reduced
hospital infrastructure and weak public health systems. International organizations such as World
Health Organizations (WHO) should seek to improve the preparedness to all low and middle-
income countries to curve the spread of influenza. Reform policy is employed to deal with the
challenges of managing the disease. The state of the health systems influences how the middle-
income countries prepare for the influenza pandemic. Countries that have much invested in
fighting the epidemic have a significant improvement in health system surveillance, the capacity
of their laboratory, monitoring, and proper communication. Influenza is a tropical public issue
that needs to be handled with great care. There are potential public health solutions and
interventions that can be applied to manage and mitigate the effects of influenza, such as the use
of pharmaceutical and Non-pharmaceutical interventions.
Keywords: Middle and low-income countries, disease, vaccine, mitigation, and global strategies.

HEALTH CARE 3
Topic: Infectious disease: Discuss public health challenges to managing influenza in tropical
low- or middle income country(s)
Introduction
Influenza is a severe acute contagious disease that affects the lungs and upper airways
and is caused by the virus, which spreads rapidly around the whole world in seasonal epidemics
(Petrova, and Russell, 2018). Infectious diseases are disorders that are caused by organisms like
viruses, bacteria, fungi, or parasites. Influenza is a virus that is a common cause of acute
respiratory infection among people and young children. Low or middle-income countries face
challenges when managing influenza. There is a need to explore public health solutions. The
objective of this study is to discuss the influenza pandemic, the state of health systems in middle
or low-income countries, challenges, and constraints that they face when addressing this issue.
The discussion focused on countries like middle or low developed countries like; Cambodia,
Indonesia, Thailand, and Libya. Health systems are greatly influenced by health care financing
and health care financing patterns. Central developed counties need to develop national
governance on pandemic preparedness, including the national pandemic influenza plans.
Most infectious diseases are spread very fast over a short period, from person to person.
A virus spreads infectious diseases like influenza. The tropical public health deals with this kind
of disease that are prevalent and unique to tropical and subtropical regions. Global courses of
action are introduced to state the plan that shows how different strategies and management
actions can be employed to achieve the goals to fight influenza and related pandemics. Reform
policy is employed to deal with the challenges for managing influenza (Clarke and Margetts,
2014). Reform policy states the changes that need to be made, such as policies, laws, and
regulations that can be used to address a problem and achieve the objective of providing a