Health Promotion Activities - PDF

Health Promotion

Table of Contents
INTRODUCTION...........................................................................................................................3
1.1 Effects of socio-economic influences on health...............................................................3
1.2 Relevance of government sources in reporting on inequalities in health.........................4
1.3 Reason for barriers to accessing healthcare......................................................................5
TASK 2............................................................................................................................................6
2.1 Analyse the links between government strategies and smoking cessation programme...6
2.2 Explain your role as a professional in meeting government targets for health promotion in
reducing the number of smokers in UK.................................................................................6
2.3 Discuss the routines need to be carried out by the smokers in order to quit smoking.....7
TASK 3............................................................................................................................................8
3.1 Health beliefs relate to theories of health behavior..........................................................8
3.2 Possible effects of potential conflicts with local industry on health promotion...............9
3.3 Importance of providing relevant health related information to public.........................10
TASK 4..........................................................................................................................................11
4.1 Plan a health promotion campaign to meet specific objectives......................................11
Covered in PPT.....................................................................................................................11
4.2 Health promotion campaign supports health promotion strategies................................11
Covered in PPT.....................................................................................................................11
CONCLUSION..............................................................................................................................11
REFERENCES..............................................................................................................................12
.......................................................................................................................................................13

INTRODUCTION
Health promotion activities are mainly organised to make people enable to concern on
their own health. For this purpose, healthcare organisations and government associations work in
collaboration to identify which actions have the greatest priority, for improvement of well-beings
of people (Horton and Farnham, 2015). The present assignment is based on some case studies
such as chain-smokers, tobacco uses etc., where how socio-economic factors influence on health
of people is described. To improve life of people that are at high risk of health issues,
government approaches, role of medical professional in reducing number of smokers and
tobacco chewers etc. are also being briefly explained. Furthermore, a plan for a health promotion
campaign to reduce the discrimination on gays, lesbians and transgender in hospitals and
societies is made in this assignment.
1.1 Effects of socio-economic influences on health
There are many factors which contribute to incidence of high cholesterol, alcohol and
drugs, tobacco uses, smoking activities and more. It includes socio and economic conditions of a
person that causes a great influence on health of community and individual as well. For example-
homeless, unemployed or less educated people, due to lack of income source, high stress, low
status and more, are influenced greatly by cigarettes. It serves as a tool for people living in
vulnerable conditions to cope with boredom and reduce stress level. As per National Network of
Smoking Prevention and Poverty, it has evaluated that cigarette is also considered as a
companion to caffeine and alcohol for these people (Henderson and et. al., 2017). Thus, due to
low status these people are highly exposure to health risk activities that impact on their well-
being. In this regard, social and economic conditions of people are taken to determine the level
of benefit that they can utilise for improvement of health. Along with this, these conditions also
define how people understand the health promotion campaigns that are organised to their safety
and well-beingness. It includes factors like- Employment: This factor has contributed more on
well-being of people where having employment and proper source of income, make them able to
afford medical facilities. They also participate in understanding health promotion activities and
concern on own health as well, to live disease free and healthy life.
On the other hand, unemployed people seems unable to access healthcare facilities and
usually not take interest with any health queries. But employed people who work in construction,
manufacturing and transportation sector, are also considered as passive smokers because they are

at risk of exposure in smoking area zone. Education: Educated people can access knowledge
and healthcare facilities more easily as compared to uneducated one, who usually think the same
as wastage of money and time. Therefore, this factor also considered as main factor behind
serious causes of ill-effect of cigarettes where, educated people have knowledge about the same
and make efforts to prevent themselves from such activities. Along with this, education materials
are also not being culturally or linguistically appropriate for highly populated area where people
live in poverty and vulnerable communities (Riley and et. al., 2017). In such area tobacco and
cigarette advertising are more prominent. Housing: Population that come under category of
homeless and having no choice of lifestyles, take cigarettes as a loyal 'friend'. In order to gain
relieve from stress and boredom of vulnerabilities, people easily get influenced by cigarette
advertisement and becomes smokers.
They also have less information about serious health causing effects of cigarette smoking and
therefore, do not pay attention for own well-being. Proper housing is considered as an important
factor that covers hygienic societal area where, infection and risk of health issues are almost ill.
People live in such area are concerned towards their health and prevent themselves from
cigarette smoking and other ill-effect activities. Income: Due to shortage of money and income
sources, poor people are considered as unable to access health facilities. Take part in health
promotional activities and concern on own well-being, are considered as wastage of money and
time for those people that comes under category of poverty.
1.2 Relevance of government sources in reporting on inequalities in health
In order to improve and enhance well-being of societies, especially areas where people get
easily influenced towards smoking and other bad activities, Government of UK play an
important role in running health promotion activities. They highly concerned on remove
inequalities in health care sector, where medical services are provided as per socioeconomic
status (Kim and et. al., 2016). Thus, to provide support to vulnerable communities and prevent
people from smoking activities, regulatory bodies of UK work in collaboration with healthcare
sectors. For this purpose, to run any policy regards to promote health and increasing access of
medical facilities, government conduct a number of survey for gathering information related to
inequalities in health. On the basis of such relevant sources, health promoters of UK like NHS
run campaigns for promoting health and reducing inequalities from accessibility of medical
services. There are various sources available from where NHS collect information on health

inequalities are given as beneath – Public hospitals and medical services – The medical stores
and public hospitals used to maintain records of people as per their respective health history.
This would may help health promoters in analyzing the mentioned issues as well as can take
actions accordingly. Heath and lifestyle survey – As health inequalities are considered as a
consequence of behaviour and lifestyle choices of people, therefore, it results in increasing
factors that leads to ill-effect causes. In this regard, through publication of reports like Acheson
Report, Black Report, Health Divide and more, which are prepared through proper survey, are
highlighted the severity of health inequalities.
This would help in producing government intervention as well as health improvement
policies for reducing inequalities (Gould and et. al., 2016). Community health foundations – It
includes agencies and foundations that run a number of programs for providing free vaccination
and identifying the health and safety needs to reducing inequalities.
1.3 Reason for barriers to accessing healthcare
For reducing health inequalities and improvement in well-being of people, NHS and
other associations run various health campaigns. But there are various factors present that affect
the accessibility of information for targeted population (Vallone, and et. al., 2016). As here, such
campaigns are run to help people to quit smoking therefore, following factors are acts as barriers
– Family and environmental cues – Lack of family concern, less level of knowledge,
unemployment and more, considered as the main factors behind increasing rate of smokers. In
this regard, foundations mainly concern to get support of family members of such people who
get addicted with tobacco and smoking activities.
But if they do not respond for the same, then health promoters feel difficult to increase
accessibility of their programs which are made for targeted people to quit smoking. Lack of self-
efficacy – Lack of belief or power to quit may result in unsuccessful quitting attempts and
relapses. Thus, it may act as main barrier that may cause inaccessibility of health promotion
campaigns and increase health inequalities. Such people also avoid to take services of medical
practitioners to quit smoking, when government provide the same with no fee of charge. Social
and economic factors – When people face discrimination at society due to status, level of
income and certain different characteristics, then they start to move towards smoking and other
ill-activities, for coping with such environment (Harris and et. al., 2016). This factor also acts as
barriers towards accessibility of healthcare facilities.

TASK 2
2.1 Analyse the links between government strategies and smoking cessation programme
In present context, it is being analysed that, continuous practise of smoking is rapidly
increasing, and this has directly impacted negatively upon public health in all over the world. It
has assumed the dimension of an epidemic resulting in a range of diseases, disability and even it
can turn into death as well. It has been found that, use of tobacco has reached up to 5 million
preventable deaths in a year. It is expected that it will reach around double of 5 million in the
year of 2020 (Cardarelli and et. al., 2017). If it is talked about, both governmental strategies and
smoking cessation programme than it can be said that within England, United Kingdom,
government has developed a range of campaigns from healthy eating habit related to anti-
smoking campaigns. It can be said that, these are some of the strategies that are being undertaken
by government of England, United Kingdom, so that health promotion can be done in regards to
the smokers.
Along with this, it was found that this initiative was taken to reduce the death rate of
people who were addicted to smoking and reduces the differences the riches and poor. On the
other hand, smoking cessation programme were built to offer consultancy where an advisor
could help young generation to stop smoking. Apart from this, it has been analysed that there are
a wide range of social and behavioural factors which basically encourage youngsters start
smoking such as influences from the lifestyle, friends circle etc. Governmental are being built in
order to improve public health and with the help of this, confidence, self-esteem, along with the
right from infancy can easily be improvised (Kim and et. al., 2017). Therefore, it can easily be
said that both governmental strategies along with the smoking cessation programmes are said to
be different from each other but works for the common goal and i.e. to reduce the number of
tobacco users.
2.2 Explain your role as a professional in meeting government targets for health promotion in
reducing the number of smokers in UK
Basically, there are a range of professionals, who works to meet the governmental targets
that are linked with the health promotion which are directly linked to reducing the number of
smokers in a country like United Kingdom (Chung, 2016). It is being found that, teams like
Primary Care Trusts, National Institute for Clinical Excellence (NICE), partnerships among local

authorities along with the strategic health authorities are said to be some of professional
institutions that are serving to individuals who are surviving from acute diseases like Asthma
within the United Kingdom. Apart from this, there are some other voluntary groups as well like
Epilepsy Actions and Asthma United Kingdom that consists with roles and responsibilities that
are serving individuals with lung cancer and other diseases like Asthma and so on. If it is talked
about National Institute for Clinical Excellence (NICE), than it consists with a role of publishing
different range of guidelines in regards to different health related areas (Gostin and Wiley, L. F.,
2016). These are the guidelines which mainly covers stop smoking interventions and also serves
primary care to individuals who are suffering from heavy diseases as well. Along with this, in
order to reduce the number of smokers within United Kingdom, local authorities and strategic
health authorities is need to ensure that everyone who smokes are to be addressed with proper
understanding of what is smoking and also how it could be overcomes for youth protection.
On the other hand, role of primary care trusts is to ensure that training is provided to
individuals who are looking forward to deal with their addiction of smoking. This consists with
NCSCT training standard, 2008 and it can be said that amendments are also being made, which
helps individuals in quitting smoking in specified time frame. On the other hand, it can also be
said that it is much required for a smoker to understand the necessity to understand that how
smoking can be dangerous for him or her, as it can also lead to death. All these roles of
professionals helps in meeting government targets for health promotion.
2.3 Discuss the routines need to be carried out by the smokers in order to quit smoking
In present time, it can be said that personal hygiene; resting; healthy eating; exercise can
help in cleaning the lungs of a smoker, who smokes regularly or in an irregular manner
(McPhail-Bell and et. al., 2016). Basically, there are a range of actions like setting the eating
habits for an example eating fruits and consuming food and restrictions made to oily food could
help an individual to reduce the chances of smoking as, it could help in cleansing the lungs and
develop them again much stronger and healthier. Along with this, it can be said that the sooner a
smoker quits, the faster he or she will reduce their risk of cancer, heart and lung disease, and
other conditions related to smoking.
On the other hand, putting excursion on a body may also develop chances of heart attack
due to blood clots made within the heart because of smoking as well. Here, it can be said that
doing exercise daily may aid a smoker in reaching to new heights of reducing the chances of

getting a heart stroke. Exercising body like running, yoga, weight lifting, using a respiratory
system or a machine could help in pumping heart in much more effective and efficient manner,
which directly improves the quit smoking plan as well (Weare, 2013). Along with this, setting
personal hygiene or taking help of a practitioner that might aid in reaching to new heights in
specified time frame. Including this, it can be said that a person also would require to stick to the
plan considering or taking help of individuals like family, friends and more which may aid in
pulling out favourable outcomes like complete quitting of smoking and many more. On the other
hand, it is said that smokers are required to take actions or initiatives, in regards to quitting
smoking in specified time frame. All these could be considered as some of the routines that are
required to be taken in order to promote health among individuals who are dealing with
addictiveness of smoking and many more others (Glendinning, 2015).
TASK 3
3.1 Health beliefs relate to theories of health behavior
In the given case study, to reduce the differences among rich and poor that came in front
due to death rate, there are many health related theories are presented in the health care industry,
could be utilized to promote health amongst individuals (smokers). There are a range of theories
like Health Belief Model, Theory of Reasoned Action, Health Action Model and more can be
utilised to understand the health behaviour in much more detailed manner. In present context,
Health Belief Model was basically developed in 1950s by social scientists, and this was
developed in regards to focusing upon the failure of people to adopt disease prevention strategies
or screening tests for the early detection of disease (Ball and Birchall, J., 2014). In present
context, this theory is directly linking with the desire of promoting health among smokers so that
it could be reduced to minimal. On the other hand, if it is talked about Health Action Model, then
it can be said that this theory is specifically being outlined with a process that can be utilised to
promote health among smokers, as this is the community in which many smokers are looking
forward to leave but finding barriers to do so. Here, the whole community basically deals with
the issue, develops a plan and looks forward to attain it in specified time frame through setting
different range of goals and objectives.
Along with this, it can be said that there are a range of stages of change model and these
mainly consists with pre-contemplation, Contemplation, Preparation, Action, Maintenance and

termination that can be used to develop a plan where local authorities are looking forward to
bring tobacco usage under control (Sampson, 2017). On the other hand, it can also be said that
helping tobacco users to quit is not at all an easy task and it is also may be possible that reducing
exposure may lead smoking users to start using second-hand smoke as well. Along with this,
3.2 Possible effects of potential conflicts with local industry on health promotion
Health is one of the major issues prevailing within an economy. There are different
economies which effectively stresses upon health of individuals and take necessary actions to
ensure the same. Similar with the case of communities across England, which work towards
improving the health standards of people within the country. The government and local
communities are working towards reduce the usage of tobacco to promote health standards
within England (Hong and et. al., 2013).
Tobacco consumption is perhaps one of the major health issues which is associated with
individuals within England and also, is a major source of health issue within the country. Thus,
to ensure betterment and improvement in the condition, the government as well as local
communities are planning to effectively implementing health promotion programs which would
be subjected to helping such individuals in coping with their health condition and acquiring
effective remedies.
However, according to the case, there are several social and behavioural factors which
have possible negative impacts on the health promotion by the government and communities in
relation to quit consuming alcohol. These areas of conflicts and their potential effects are
mentioned beneath, Expense: One of the biggest conflicts on health promotion related to
consumption of nicotine is that there is a perception among individuals that nicotine cessation
programs are quite costly (Stevens, 2017).
Moreover, there is a belief that a huge amount is invested in relation to acquiring effective
treatment in relation to quitting tobacco consumption. The possible effect of this is that with such
social barrier, behaviour of individuals would further incline more towards smoking without
considering the idea of quitting the same. Social Instigation: Another conflict with local industry
while promoting health standards and influencing people to quit tobacco consumption is that
there are various individuals who consume tobacco and alcohol together with the patient and
instigate them to keep with their effective pattern. This has quite an impact on the person who
tries to quit smoking and has a wide impact on their mind-sets related to consumption of alcohol

or tobacco. Thus, it arises potential conflicts to health promotion as social instigation might
result in ineffectiveness within the overall program. Tobacco and Alcohol Addiction: The reason
of implementing such programs within the health and social care is perhaps the most severe
conflict in promotion of health programs. An individual becomes accustomed to consume
alcohol and tobacco; and even with repetitive efforts, sometimes people fail in quitting the same.
The reason for the same is that they are stimulants, which tend to relax the person consuming it.
In addition to this, enzymes present in these aspects arises more need after each consumption
(Moser and Kalton, G., 2017). This implies that it imposes major negative effects on promotion
of health. For instance, regular and long term consumption causes severe addiction which makes
a person quite restricted in experiencing health related aspects which are necessary for their long
term health.
3.3 Importance of providing relevant health related information to public
In present time, it can be said that offering individuals who are suffering from a disease or
addicted to a particular subject, it is required to deal with all the issues that are linked to offering
relevant health related information that are linked with the public which can help the people in
promoting healthy living. It is important because awareness is necessary for an individual, which
is linked with the health related issues (Giddens, 2013). Since, smoking has been one of the
influential factor for people who are continuously smoking would require to deal with a range of
issues, that could help individuals in reaching to new heights as well. Health Promotion is the
promotion, advertising or the spread of the information through road shows, distribution of the
brochures and the health related newsletters to make people aware on the subject matter. This
may be a onetime activity and helps in spreading the information to the group of people or the
community (Doherty and et. al., 2014). Excel Program will help in spreading the Health
Education and information among the various people. It will guide on the health related
programs & beliefs that could be converted into an action plan leading to the promotion of the
health of the complete community in which health education program is provided.

TASK 4
4.1 Plan a health promotion campaign to meet specific objectives
Covered in PPT
4.2 Health promotion campaign supports health promotion strategies
Covered in PPT
CONCLUSION
It has been concluded from this assignment that there are various socioeconomic factors
present in communities that results in increasing health inequalities among people. It includes
education, lifestyles choices, housing and homelessness, level of income and more. All these
factors lead to influence people towards ill-activities like smoking, tobacco addiction and more.
Therefore, for reducing the number of smokers and prevent society from being addicted,
government and healthcare sectors run various health promotion campaigns. They provide
support to people to quit smoking and concern on well-being and improvement of health as well.

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