Planning & Implementation for Health Promotion & Public Health

This article discusses healthcare planning, implementation, and preventive measures for diseases like diabetes. It explains the PRECEDE-PROCEED model and briefly explains social diagnosis and epidemiological, behavioural, and environmental diagnosis. It also explains the roles and responsibilities of stakeholders indulged in health promoting programmes. There is a discussion about Quality models and the importance of teamwork in the health sector.

Planning and Implementation in Health
Promotion and Public Health

Table of Contents
INTRODUCTION...........................................................................................................................3
MAIN BODY...................................................................................................................................3
CONCLUSION................................................................................................................................5
REFERENCES................................................................................................................................7

INTRODUCTION
Healthcare planning helps to create a strategic plan and improving communication with
patients and among healthcare workers. Strategic plan should be clear and elaborative enough to
describe vision, goals and steps to achieve and promote an intended objective. Implementation
involves the procedural approach need to follow step by step to implement health promotion
strategies and preventive measures. In healthcare industry, it is important to have better project
management skills and good project managers as they can help in controlling cost, risk
management, and maintaining speed of project outcomes. The preventive measures for many
diseases including diabetes and its complications should use three strategies: altering and
reducing risk factors and conditions by promoting awareness towards healthy eating, physical
activity, and emotional well-being; identification at early stage of disease exposure and effective
management of the disease (Adu, et. al., (2019)).
MAIN BODY
PRECEDE-PROCEED model consist of four planning phase, one implementation phase,
and 3 evaluation phases listed as: Social diagnosis, Epidemiological, Behavioural and
environmental diagnosis, Educational and ecological diagnosis, administrative and policy
diagnosis, Implementation Process evaluation, Impact evaluation, Outcome evaluation.
There are two elements of PRECEDE-PROCEED model that are going to be discussed
further.
Social Diagnosis: This is the first stage which deals with the identification and
evaluation of social issues related to health that impact the quality of life of a diabetic patient.
Program planners focus on understanding the strengths, resources, weakness and their readiness
to change and ability to cope up with the disease. To achieve this, various activities need to be
followed like developing a committee to plan and go through an effective way to diagnose and
treat diabetic patients, conducting surveys about how many diabetes patients are available in a
particular area, holding community forums, etc (Brown, et. al., (2019)). Through these activities,
planners will be able to consider patient issues through their eyes and engage in planning process
that prove to have great benefits.
Epidemiological, Behavioural, And Environmental Diagnosis: Epidemiological
diagnosis deals with determining and distribution of specific health issue that affect the

population of diabetic patient. It also concerns with the behavioural and environmental factors
associated with prioritized health needs of the community. On the basis of these priorities,
planned goals of the diabetes-effective program are established. Epidemiological data include
health surveys at state and national level, administrative and medical records, statistics, etc.
Behavioural Diagnosis is the analysis of behaviour that links to health issues identified in the
social diagnosis. Primarily, determine the reason of diabetes and especially the behaviour
responsible for the severity of disease. Environmental Diagnosis focus the analysis of social and
physical environmental factors (Gardsten, et. al., (2018)). In this assessment, environmental
factors are being modified beyond the control of the community to analyse the influence on the
health results.
Stakeholders perform the role of checking reality on appropriateness and practicality of
evaluation questionnaires and then suggest required modifications and methods to approach the
target population and provide feedback. Interdisciplinary team is a process in which various
types of staff work jointly to share knowledge, skills and expertise to establish an appropriate
plan for taking care of patients suffering from diabetes. Collaborative partners work in a united
way in order to improve conditions and results associated to health and well-being of diabetic
patient. Health commissioner is a stakeholder who assess the most important medical needs of
the community. Health commissioner used to prepare an annual budget, set up and impose taxes
and invest all idle cash (Ghoreishi, et. al., (2019)). Role of funders is to receiving grant
applications and evaluate the program, raise funding to the most suitable ones and evaluating
results. Funders also plays an important role regarding to the implementation, two common roles
are: “Advocacy work” and “Monitoring implementation results”. Project partners responsible for
project planning, staff management, project delivery, managing issues, risks of healthcare
services and health staff management. Beneficiaries have the responsibility to maximize healthy
habits, like physical exercise, quit smoking and drinking and adopting a healthy eating habits.
Beneficiaries are responsible to be involved in health care decisions in establishing and carrying
on pre-planned treatments, and communicate clearly about wants and needs.
Quality is an uncompromising factor in health sector which work mainly for
improvement of quality which can help teams to use available resources like money, local
people, time and expertise in a more effective way to provide good quality treatment to diabetic
patient. Improve service delivery and customer service, and help meet public health standards

(Keats, (2019)). Donabedian's model applied to large health care system to analyse quality and
align improvement work across an organisation or hospital. To analyse quality, this model
includes three factors: structure, process and outcome. Structure denotes the context in which
care is delivered, including hospital building, staff, financing, and equipment. Process describes
the arrangement amongst patient and providers all over the delivery of healthcare. Outcome
denotes the final results on health status of patients and populations. Maxwell's quality model
identified six dimensions of quality: acceptability, efficiency, effectiveness, equity, access,
relevance.
Healthcare marketing helpful in increasing patient connection and take care of
relationships to form long-term, loyal patients. It leads to successful patient engagement, which
in turn leads to booming practice. Marketing planning involves branding, advertising, and adopt
promotional tactics to improve the health of diabetic patient and making people aware.
Interaction with community help in reaching information to the maximum population (Rutledge,
et. al., (2018)).
Effective health care requires teamwork. In a team, every individual must work together to
achieve a common objective that is, helping and serving patient “the best”. For achieving a
successful health programme, it is important to have a good team and working of team should be
in a collaborative way. There are several elements of a successful and effective teamwork in
delivering diabetic health care services: Communication, Proper planning and its execution,
shared leadership, Mutual performance monitoring and backup support, closed loop
communication, shared mental model. Also it is important to understand the need of other team
members and modify/adjust the strategies accordingly. On the basis of values and assumptions,
teams have a shared mental model which has a key component “Mutual trust” (Skovlund, et. al.,
(2019)).
CONCLUSION
In above discussion, it can be concluded that public health is important and preventive
measures should be taken to promote awareness among diabetic population and reduce the risk
of disease. It explains the PRECEDE-PROCEED model and briefly explain social diagnosis and
epidemiological, behavioural and environmental diagnosis (Skovlund, et. al., (2019)). It explains
the roles and responsibilities of stakeholders indulged in health promoting programmes. There is
a discussion about Quality models and importance of teamwork in health sector.

REFERENCES
Books and Journals
Adu, M. D., Malabu, U. H., Malau-Aduli, A. E., & Malau-Aduli, B. S. (2019). Enablers and
barriers to effective diabetes self-management: A multi-national investigation. PloS
one, 14(6), e0217771.
Brown, R. C., Maslen, H., & Savulescu, J. (2019). Against moral responsibilisation of health:
prudential responsibility and health promotion. Public Health Ethics, 12(2), 114-129.
Gardsten, C., Blomqvist, K., Rask, M., Larsson, Å., Lindberg, A., & Olsson, G. (2018).
Challenges in everyday life among recently diagnosed and more experienced adults with
type 2 diabetes: a multistage focus group study. Journal of clinical nursing, 27(19-20),
3666-3678.
Ghoreishi, M. S., Vahedian-Shahroodi, M., Jafari, A., & Tehranid, H. (2019). Self-care
behaviors in patients with type 2 diabetes: Education intervention base on social
cognitive theory. Diabetes & Metabolic Syndrome: Clinical Research & Reviews, 13(3),
2049-2056.
Keats, J. P. (2019). Leadership and teamwork: essential roles in patient safety. Obstetrics and
Gynecology Clinics, 46(2), 293-303.
Rutledge, G. E., Lane, K., Merlo, C., & Elmi, J. (2018). Coordinated approaches to strengthen
state and local public health actions to prevent obesity, diabetes, and heart disease and
stroke. Preventing chronic disease, 15.
Skovlund, S. E., Lichtenberg, T. H., Hessler, D., & Ejskjaer, N. (2019). Can the routine use of
patient-reported outcome measures improve the delivery of person-centered diabetes
care? A review of recent developments and a case study. Current diabetes reports, 19(9),
1-18.