Health Promotion and Sustainable Development

This critical commentary argues that optimum health promotion strategies play a key role in global sustainable development. It sheds light on the important role of health promotion in achieving sustainable development along with the challenges required to overcome for future fulfillment and sustenance. The commentary ends on the available opportunities which will aid in the mitigation of these hurdles along with a reflective on current knowledge required as a health promotion practitioner for the contribution of sustainable development through effective national community efforts.

Running head: HEALTH PROMOTION AND SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT
HEALTH PROMOTION AND SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT
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Table of Contents
Introduction..........................................................................................................................2
Discussion............................................................................................................................3
Sustainable development goals and Health Promotion...................................................3
Benefits............................................................................................................................3
Health literacy and Health Empowerment...................................................................3
Inclusive Governance and Decision-making...............................................................4
Healthy Public Policies and Environments..................................................................5
Cross-Disciplinary Approaches and Health Promotion Infrastructure........................5
Challenges........................................................................................................................6
Lack of Decentralization of ‘Healthy Settings’...........................................................6
Lack of Health Promotion in Underprivileged Groups...............................................6
Policy Shortcomings....................................................................................................7
Inadequate capabilities and Infrastructure...................................................................7
Opportunities...................................................................................................................8
Conclusion...........................................................................................................................9
Reflection...........................................................................................................................10
References..........................................................................................................................13

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Introduction
The conductance of the United Nations General Assembly in the year 2015, witnessed the
creation of ‘Sustainable Development Goals’, which aimed to establish principles for the
enhancement of the health of the global population along with the initiation of developmental
achievements at an international level within the year 2030 (Lu et al., 2015). Further, the
National Health and Family Planning Commission of the People’s Republic of China, along with
the World Health Organization, organized the 9th Global Conference on Health Promotion on 21st
November 2016. Here, the global governmental leaders, health professionals and United Nations
members, settled to an agreement to work cooperatively for the achievement of sustainable
development through the removal of global poverty and effective promotion of health (Fortune et
al., 2018).
The following critical commentary aims to critically view the involvement of efficient
health promotion tactics for the achievement of optimum sustainable development on a
worldwide platform. The following paragraphs aim to shed light on the important role of health
promotion in achievement of sustainable development along with the challenges required to
overcome for future fulfillment and sustenance. The commentary ends on the available
opportunities which will aid in the mitigation of these hurdles along with a reflective on current
knowledge required as a health promotion practitioner for the contribution of sustainable
development through effective national community efforts.
Hence, this critical commentary chooses to argue that usage of optimum health
promotion strategies play a key role in global sustainable development.

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Discussion
Sustainable development goals and Health Promotion
According to Mendes, Plaza and Wallerstein (2016), the principles of health promotion
imply effective dissemination healthcare information to individuals, with the aim to empower
them to undertake control for the achievement of their optimum health status (Mendes, Plaza &
Wallerstein, 2016). The global Sustainable Development Goals had been formulated with the
idea to drive international development through the establishment of interconnected relationships
across governments and institutions from across the world. Effective health promotion strategies
supplement this achievement through educating and empowering governments and citizens to
formulate effective health policies which will lead to a fulfilling and health life status (Schmidt,
Gost & Emanuel, 2015).
Benefits
Health promotion strategies are effective methods to fulfill sustainable development
goals, through the conductance of the following activities.
Health literacy and Health Empowerment
As opined by the World Health Organization, ‘health literacy’ refers to the education and
knowledge acquired by an individual concerning the usage and confidence to utilize appropriate
healthcare and lifestyle strategies for optimum self and community health status (Sørensen et al.,
2015). Hence, according to McCormack et al., (2017), greater health knowledge empowers
individuals to improve health resource usage but also accessibility. This further contributes to the
sustainable development through reduction of poverty, community hunger, improvements in
education, engagement in employment, enhanced industrial innovation, equity in healthcare and

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overall peaceful working of institutions (McCormack et al., 2017). Health literate people will
exhibit lower levels of poverty due to their knowledge to use available health resources
effectively. Higher health literacy will educate people to interpret nutrition information
adequately leading to healthier food choices associated with reduction of under as well as over
nutrition. Health literacy improves education through improvement of accessibility to health and
nutrition education (de Andrade et al., 2015). Also, according to Nilsson, Griggs and Visbeck
(2016), health literacy improves employment opportunities through maintenance of optimum
health as well as imparting information to individuals concerning the health impacts of various
occupational environments. This will not reduce inequities to health care resources but also lead
to emergence of industries which aim to provide health services to the community. Hence, lastly,
optimum health literacy grants citizens greater accountability to governments compelling such
institutions to work actively for the health and sustainable development of the population
(Nilsson, Griggs & Visbeck, 2016).
Inclusive Governance and Decision-making
The principles of inclusive governance, as stated by the United Nation Development
Program, imply that governmental institutions shall formulate policies and frameworks which
will be accessible to all and free of discrimination, irrespective of a citizen’s race, gender,
ethnicity, physiological and psychological conditions, as well aim to allow participation of every
individual for the purpose of undertaking decisions at the federal level (Arts, 2017). As stated by
Brooks and Fairfull (2017), the Health Department of the Australian Government has adopted
culturally diverse workplace environments which will not only induce aboriginal inclusion and
participation, but also lead to improved health implications (Brooks & Fairfull, 2017). According
to Gupta and Vegelin (2016), the health promotion activities outlining and inclusive governance

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will support the achievement of a peaceful and just institution (16th Sustainable Development
Goal), equality in genders (5th Sustainable Development Goal) and optimum wellbeing and
health of the global community (3rd Sustainable Development Goal) (Gupta & Vegelin, 2016).
Healthy Public Policies and Environments
For the effective implementation of health promotion activities aiming to achieve
sustainable development, the need of the hour is to establish a health environment which can
only be achieved through the political inclusion of health (Kieny et al., 2017). As stated by Pinto
et al., (2015), for sustainable development through health promotion, governments now seek to
integrate a ‘Health in all Policies’ approach, which necessitate the need to consider the health
consequences of policies, achievement of synergistic health strategies, possibilities of harmful
impacts on health which will ultimately lead to the achievement of sustainable goals of
population health and well being along with maintenance of equality for all. Governments often
seek to promote health through the usage of health advocacy policies aiming to represent
marginalized groups and implementation of fiscal policies such as provision of subsidies and
taxes associated with procurement of health-oriented products and services (Pinto et al., 2015).
Cross-Disciplinary Approaches and Health Promotion Infrastructure
As observed by Senot, Chandrasekaran and Ward (2016), for the achievement of
optimum health promotion, the usage of a team consisting of medical professionals possessing
expertise in various clinical fields is of utmost importance. Considering the role of dynamic
factors such as lifestyle stresses, unhealthy dietary and activity levels along with genetic
malformations, diseases of the present world now present themselves with a multitude of
symptoms which require the involvement of a cross-disciplinary approach comprising of various
medical professionals in the clinical infrastructure (Senot, Chandrasekaran & Ward, 2016). As

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seen in the instances of global obesity management, the usage of a multi-disciplinary approach
concerning collaboration of nutritionists, fitness experts, psychologists and even community
health workers, have proven to promote the health and wellbeing of individuals, hence indicating
the achievement of a sustainable development goal (Hors-Fraile et al., 2018).
Challenges
Lack of Decentralization of ‘Healthy Settings’
According to Batras, Duff and Smith (2016), the creation of a ‘healthy setting’ is of
utmost importance for the achievement of effective public health promotion strategies. The
approach of ‘healthy settings’ implies the provision of effective policies aimed to achieve health
education, as well as identify the determinants of the health of the public. Such approaches
inspire and empower individuals to undertake effective health information and strategies in order
to gain control of their health (Batras, Duff & Smith, 2016). Decentralization refers to the
dissemination of such policies and associated participation at the local or grass root level. Present
day health promotion still requires further improvement as local systems have still been devoid
of appropriate health promotion or ‘healthy settings’. This is evident in the rising food
democratic movement of Australia, where farmers and local agricultural groups are actively
advocating their deprivation from governmental healthcare and food production services (Larder,
Lyons & Woolcock, 2014).
Lack of Health Promotion in Underprivileged Groups
According to Tretheway et al., (2015), the success of health promotion lies in its
dissemination of health improvement activities towards every section of the population
irrespective of their race, gender or ethnic diversities. However, citizens belonging to the

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remotely located or socially and economically underprivileged groups continue to be deprived
from their right to equitable health resources and treatment services (Tretheway et al., 2015).
This is prevalent in the indigenous population scenario of Australia, where aboriginal and Torres
Strait Islander groups continue to be deprived from appropriate health and medical facilities due
to their origins of belonging to socially disadvantage groups, resulting in greater incidences of
mortality and disease prevalence as compared to non-indigenous groups (McFarlane et al.,
2017).
Policy Shortcomings
Successful health promotion requires effective usage of policies and programs which aim
to improve the health of the community through appropriate usage of advocacy, proactive
political participation, appropriate taxation and the implementation of effective subsidiary
principles. However, policies still present considerable gaps and shortcomings, often in the form
of an absence of management strategies during occurrence of health hazards or disease strategies
(Simovska et al., 2016). Often policy gaps are prevalent in the form of miscommunication or
disagreements between various political parties or governmental departments. In the situation of
Australia, a lack of inequity of health resources for indigenous, aboriginal groups continues to be
a prevalent policy shortcoming in the health promotion of the nation (de Leeuw, 2017).
Inadequate capabilities and Infrastructure
According to Flood et al., (2015), the dynamic principles outlining organizational
functioning at present, requires to usage of a number of skills and capabilities for the successful
functioning of the health promotion infrastructure. Such skills include the usage of effective
leadership strategies along with adherence to adequate diplomacy and negotiating principles,
which often are absent or inadequate in the health professionals recruited for the purpose of

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dissemination of health promotion (Flood et al., 2015). While health promotion principles
continue to provide an all-inclusive, holistic and multidisciplinary solution to achieve sustainable
development, the fulfillment of the same may still required increased integrated performance of
additional disciplines such as communications, psychology, sociology, anthropology, economics
in behavior and design. Hence, the financial and infrastructural implications of such
improvements often end up being major challenges for the promotion of appropriate health
literacy and healthcare education (Jolley & Barton, 2015).
Opportunities
Despite the prevalence of several shortcomings in its existing health promotion policies,
there still lie opportunities for Australia resulting in improvement and achievement of the
sustainable development goals. The major shortcoming of present health promotion policies and
programs is the lack of inequity in health resources resulting in reduced health literacy and health
promotion especially amongst the indigenous and aboriginal groups (Mellor et al., 2016). This
can be achieved through exercising opportunities of cultural competency and workplace diversity
policies. Hence, recruitment of employees who also belong to such sections will encourage
greater advocacy and reach towards indigenous populations, who may not be comfortable to
interact with non-indigenous health professionals (Garneau & Pepin, 2015). The emerging
movements of food sovereignty and food democracy in Australia are increasingly presenting
opportunities for health promotion decentralization, through increased participation of local
farming groups and food producing populations. Such health promotion activities can be
observed in the performance of the Australian Food Sovereignty Alliance which aims to promote
the health and wellbeing of local farming and food producing groups through the development of
a ‘People’s Food Plan’ which aims at improving health literacy for improved dietary choices

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including consumption of natural foods and equitable policy distribution especially concerning
fair trade policies, decentralization as a response to retail strongholds as well as availability of
better quality food resource and food production equipment (Davila & Dyball, 2015). Australia
is still undergoing the usage of specific health promotion policies, as evident in the active
participation of key organizations and governmental efforts. One of the most actively engaged
organizations is the Australian Health Promotion Association, which serves to be the sole
institute aiming to garner the support and aid of individuals who are display active interest in
studying the principles of health promotion along with effective practicing, researching and
formulation of policies. The organizations actively engages in the development of public health
policies concerning health promotion, and aims to revise and improve its activities through
conductance of the Australian Health Promotion Association National Conference (Brown et al.,
2014). Hence, through the effective utilization of such activities, there lies a possibility for
achievement of sustainable development goals, through the usage of effective health promotion
strategies which will result in the fulfillment of equality, health and wellbeing, education,
improved employment, efficient institutional functioning and peaceful functioning of
governmental organizations.
Conclusion
Hence, to conclude, it can be successfully argued that the usage of timely, appropriate
and effective health promotion strategies will prove to be highly beneficial in the achievement of
global sustainable development goals. The principles of Sustainable Development Goals were
established by the United Nations with the aim to initiate development at an international level as
well as improve the health of the global population through eradication of poverty, improvement

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of citizen’s health and wellbeing, equal distribution of resources, gender equality and the
functioning of a just, peaceful government. Health promotion activities can effectively aid in the
fulfillment of these goals by increasing health literacy amongst individuals, which will inspire
and empower them to gain control of their own health and utilize information efficiently
concerning the credibility of existing health policies. Health promotion also aids individuals in
gaining greater accessibility and accountability towards their governments, hence empowering
national institutions to engage actively in the development of policies which will promote health
and lead to the achievement of sustainable development goals. Hence, this critical commentary
essay argues successfully that health promotion will lead to achievement of sustainable
development goals.
Reflection
For ensuring successful health promotion across communities, health practitioner play an
important role as they actively work to fulfill the required health goals, through the initiation of
effective communication across relevant stakeholders and associated health promoting parties.
For the optimum functioning of health practitioners involved in health promotion activities,
adherence to the IUHPE Core Competencies and Professional Standards is of utmost importance.
The standards aim to deliver the required criteria for the adequate fulfillment of community and
national health promotion goals (Iuhpe.org, 2018).
In accordance to the Core Competency Standard, I believe that as a health practitioner, I
should engage in the standard of effective communicative skills for the purpose of initiating
successful cooperation amongst communities for the fulfillment of health promotion. I must
possess adequate knowledge about the diverse ethnical and cultural practices present in my

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country as well as amongst the associated communities, as a prerequisite to further engage in
appropriate interpersonal communication skills at the verbal, written and listening platforms, for
my fulfillment of the standard of cultural appropriateness in health promotion. I must also
possess adequate knowledge of appropriate social media technology, which will further help me
to advocate the required health promotion policies by rapidly reaching out to wide range of
citizens. Lastly, for fulfilling the competency standard of effective communication skills, I must
be significant knowledge of health literacy since this will enhance in my skills of working
effectively in communities consisting of diverse cultural and ethnical populations.
The additional competency standard which I will need as health practitioner is the
engagement of various partners as well as establishment of significant partnerships amongst the
various stakeholders in health promotion through usage of collaborative working principles. This
will require me to possess adequate knowledge concerning mediating, networking, resolution of
conflict, facilitation, negotiation and principles of intersectoral partnership, which will help me
to engage the various stakeholders involved in the facilitation of health promotion activities
across the communities.
The next competency standard which I must follow as a health practitioner is the usage of
effective strategies and techniques concerning advocacy which will not only impart awareness
about health promotion activities across communities, but will also attempt to modify the opinion
of citizens concerning the importance of health and well-being promotion. For the fulfillment of
this standard I will required to posses adequate knowledge about the implementation of various
theories of community development which includes efficient building of capacity, motivating
citizens to participate in health activities along with empowering individuals to undertake
effective health promotion strategies.

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Lastly, as a health practitioner, I must also maintain a standard of facilitation of the
developing my own personal skills as well as that of others, for the purpose of maintenance and
improvement of health and well being. For this, I must possess adequate knowledge concerning
various behavioral theories which will help to modify, change or improve existing skills of
health promotion in myself as well as in those belonging to other communities. I must also
possess knowledge of various ethnicities and cultures in order to facilitate such changes in
cultural diverse communities.

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