Health and Safety in Construction Management

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Construction Management
FIRST NAME LAST NAME
CONSTRUCTION MANAGEMENT
November 5, 2018

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Task 1
Many at times we are involved in or come across construction works and bear testimony to
amazing structures and beautiful scenery that results, thanks to a well-organized, planned,
reviewed, executed and controlled processes involved. However, there are instances where there
are failures in construction works either on the building itself/ site location or loss of life and
injury of the personnel involved or both. Specifically, such instances result in sites where health
and safety procedures, processes or considerations are not adequately emphasized, organized,
planned, monitored and reviewed (Hughes & Ferret, 2016). Based on this information, this
section focuses to offer a detailed proposal and suggestion to health and safety in construction
while considering the provision of suitable site access and storage locations for the various
materials needed for the construction and those materials requiring disposal from a site.
The site will be served by the main road and a link road from the side as indicated on the sketch
plan of the site. Demolition of old structure will be done before the inception of construction and
demolition materials disposed of. Blocks, bricks and concrete portion from demolition will be
used to compact and level the site and as a fill material in the foundation of the new building.
Glass and plastic wastes from demolition will be stored at storage B (for demolition waste) and
be released to the county waste disposal unit for safe disposal within two weeks from the time of
demolition. Wood from demolition will be used to supplement other wood/ timber supply for the
erection of the building construction storage sites B. generated soil from demolition shall be cut
away from the site. The site plan is as shown in figure 1.
MAIN BUILDING UNDER CONSTRUCTION
E
X
I
T

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MAIN ROAD
Figure 1. Showing the site plan
Preparation of the site will entail clearance of the site, geotechnical report, grading,
excavation, and compaction. Investigation and assessment on surface and
subsurface conditions shall be conducted thoroughly. The assessment is relevant since it helps
determine present and installation of ground services based on recommendations on the site
geotechnical report. Excavations volume will be determined and suitable drainage, structural
elevation be conducted with utmost precision as per the designs.
Subsequent to accomplishing and deciphering test results, sort of establishment suitable for the
site, settlements and related proposals, liquefaction potential outcomes, incline solidness,
groundwater level, soil bearing limit, exhuming related perils, soil quality, soil grouping, and
numerous more data are given in the geotechnical reports.
After the design of the structure is set precisely, the uncovering work starts and the soil is
evacuated to a required profundity in which the establishment of the structure is set.
There are different kinds of hardware/ equipment used to exhume and transport soil at task site.
The choice of the sort of apparatus utilized for exhuming depends on the soil kind, to what extent
is the separation the soil should be transported, soil site capacity to convey load, and site
openness.
For example, impacting, penetrating, and apparatus like stones, excavator, scoops, and scooper
are included to exhume and transported impacted and bored materials when rocks are available at
the site. Grading at a built site is extremely urgent to drive water far from the structure. Global
Building Code (IBC 2009), gives a fundamental proposal to make legitimate grading. The Code
expresses that review slant ought to be no less than one unit vertical to twenty units even as such
5% at a separation of 3m estimated opposite from the divider confront.
In the event that a flat separation of 3 m isn't accessible because of physical frustrates, at that
point, different alternatives should be utilized, for example, swales and impenetrable surface for
which minimum slant ought to be 2% if is situated inside the breaking point of 3m. The IBC
code allows the least slant of one unit flat to forty-eight-unit vertical under specific conditions.
GATE 1
Storage ASite
office
Storage
B

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On the off chance that the building site isn't level, at that point, reasonable slicing and rounding
should be completed and they both cut and fill volume is directed by the most minimal level
position of the structure. The soil underneath establishment at site development must be
compacted to the required degree which according to IBC Code is 90% of the greatest dry
thickness. Compaction of soil layers which bolster loads is an absolute necessity since it
diminishes settlement and thus forestalls undesired occurrences.
Packing, rolling, and vibration is kinds of burdens utilized to minimize soil layers. There are a
few machines utilized for compaction at the building site, for example, smooth wheel roller,
sheep foot roller, elastic tire, crawler, and packing plate compactor. Not exclusively does the
compaction of soil enhance shear quality yet, in addition, it decreases soil porousness and
compressibility (Hughes & Ferret, 2016).
Materials needed during early phases on construction and construction of the main structure,
hazards they present and measures to reduce the risks to the people working on the site are as
tabulated below:
Material Hazard Measures to reduce risks
Cement Skin problems such as
dermatitis
Workers to wear protective
gloves, clothing
Packaging and timber offcuts Flammable- can easily cause
a fire
Should be cleared away
regularly to reduce fire risks
Chemicals and solvents Accidental ignition Stored away unless while
being used
Flammable paints and glues Suffocation, fire risks Increase ventilation standards
Timber Physical injury Carefully arranged and away
from walkways, stairways,
paths
Adhesives Fire risk Regularly cleared away if not
used and away from places
where accidental ignition is
probable
Use water-based or low
solvent adhesives

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Soft furnishings Fire risk Regularly cleared away if not
used and away from places
where accidental ignition is
probable
Trailing cables Tripping/ physical injury Carefully placed and marked
for awareness
Guardrails and toe boards Edge injuries or vulnerability Provide edge protection
Bricks or concrete Side-on loading effects
Fall accidents and injuries
Making steps facing the
working actor and not
contrary
Support steps from tipping
over or tying to a suitable
point
Barriers or covers Fall accidents due to
accidental failures
Use nets to mitigate the
consequences should a fall
occur
Lifting materials to the roof Material wastage and loses,
fall accidents, poor
workmanship
Provide safe access to the
roof
A safe way of lifting
materials to the roof
Maximum load to be carried
up a ladder to be 10 kg
Hazardous materials e.g.
acids, lead paint
Contamination Proper removal and safe
disposal before demolition.
Disposable overalls, full-face
respirators, ventilated
enclosures
Solvent-based paints and
materials
The risk of exposure to skin
and contamination
Do not apply by spraying
Use a roller with a splash
guard
Apply by brush

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Task 2
Environmental impacts of cement
Over time, there has been justified concerns on use of sustainable, safe, cheaper, biodegradable
etc. forms of materials in constructions mainly to check on wastes resulting from their use as
well as environmental impacts, costs, reliability, sustainability etc. such alternatives should never
be ignored especially in construction so as to produce a sustainable fit and efficient structure. For
instance, cement as a construction material has been significantly modified and varied so as to
improve its use as well as efficiency. This section aims to explore the arguments for and against
the use of cement based on environmental and sustainability viewpoint and a comparison of its
form possible used 50 years ago in construction works.
• Making cement outcomes in large amounts of CO2 yield. Cement creation is the third
positioning maker of anthropogenic (man-made) CO2 on the planet after transport and vitality
age. 4 - 5% of the overall aggregate of CO2 emanations is caused by cement production. CO2 is
delivered at two amid concrete generation: the first is as a result of consumption of non-
renewable energy sources, principally coal, to create the warmth important to drive the bond
making process (Construction: health and safety, 2009). The second from the warm decay of
calcium carbonate during the time spent creating bond clinker.
CaCO3 (limestone) + warm - > CaO (lime) + CO2
Production of one ton of bond results in 780 kg of CO2.Of the aggregate CO2 yield, 30% gets
from the utilization of vitality and 70% outcomes from decarbonation. Important to acknowledge
is that in spite of the fact that 5% of the overall age of CO2 is because of bond creation, that level
of yield additionally mirrors the exceptional and all-inclusive significance of cement all through
the development business. A chart below summaries the environmental impacts of cement.