18 : Civil Engineering Technology

Civil Engineering Technology

Table of Contents
INTRODUCTION...........................................................................................................................1
TASK 1............................................................................................................................................1
a) Earthworks activities, equipment and techniques....................................................................1
b) Methods for creating complex foundations, pilling works and drainage works.....................2
c) Methods and techniques used in culvert and underpass construction including provision for
utilities.........................................................................................................................................3
d) Methods and techniques for large complex earthmoving operations and deep excavations...4
e) Methods and techniques for dealing with ground and slope stability for slopes which found
to be unstable in vicinity of industrial park area..........................................................................4
TASK 2............................................................................................................................................5
a) Hazards, risks and safety arrangements for excavations, working on structures, in confined
spaces and temporary on highways.............................................................................................5
b) A safety plan, risk assessments and method statements for civil engineering activity...........5
c) Health and safety legislations with code of practices related to civil engineering sites..........6
d) Justification on site safety plan and risk assessments.............................................................6
TASK 3............................................................................................................................................7
a) Evaluation on environment, quality, geotechnical and economic context of civil engineering
problem........................................................................................................................................7
b) A proposed solution on identified civil engineering problem.................................................7
REFERENCES................................................................................................................................8

INTRODUCTION
Civil engineering provides techniques for development of construction, building designs and
surrounding environment, that further leads to maintenance of environment too (Das, 2019). The
basis of this concept is based on process of construction and technique, which are taken into
account to develop various structures. The present paper is going to reveal methods and
techniques, for earthwork activities, required for development of a site if 1km by 1km area,
which could contain ten industrial buildings and factories. This site will be constructed nearby
the parallel expressway which is 12km apart from megacity of London. In this regard, site safety
plan with risk assessment is also developed for mention construction activity. Along with this, a
civil engineering problem with justified solution, including activities like slope-stabilisation,
excavation, laying of drains and more, are going to reveal in given report.
TASK 1
a) Earthworks activities, equipment and techniques
For constructing a site, various process is carried out like development of a site plan,
surrounding infrastructure and more. One of the most important activity which has given on
priority in civil engineering, is earthwork which involves a number of processes like digging out
earth having a large amount of rocks, soil and concrete materials (Navon, 2020). It helps in
evacuating the suitable land for structuring applicable structuring process. Along with this, other
activities involve in civil engineering are directive planning criteria, managing and directing
system based applications, road material compaction and more. Some essential activities are
described as below –
Excavation and load: The excavation process is carried out to develop foundation of
construction site, by breaking down soil and rocks in simpler parts.
Haul and deposit: These activities involve drilling and construction tasks in process of
excavation by using cranes, tractors, bulldozers and other earthwork equipment.
Earthmoving equipment are mostly used in today’s modern world due to availability of
high efficiency, which has replaced human power that traditionally used in past, to dig and move
out earth (Dupen, 2019). But with development of latest technologies, a number of equipment
are used for the same, which reduces demand of manpower as well as save plenty of time for
construction. In context with present project which is based on constructing a site that lie within
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12 km from megacity of London and Heathrow airport. In this regard, to ensure there is a smooth
condition for earthwork and activities for earthmoving, the following equipment will be used –
Excavators: It includes applications like demolition, excavation, heavy lifting, mining,
dredging and more, so, can be used for excavating and earthwork in present project. This
machine consists a base chain, a long arm having an attached bucket, operator system to control
excavator and so on (Amalia, Mochtar and Mochtar, 2019).
Skid-steer loaders: Since the present site is going to construct nearby a river, therefore,
skid-steer loaders for earthwork. It will provide good grip on mid because it is tyre mounted
machine which can easily skid on own axis, so it has the minimal impact on other finished
construction sites also.
b) Methods for creating complex foundations, pilling works and drainage works
To create complex foundation, drainage and pilling works, a number of methods can be
used. For present scenario of constructing a site, foundation can be developed by considering
following steps –
 Investigating characteristics of soil first, where foundation process need to be carried out.
 Determining actual corners of foundation on soil in order to carry out formation process
successfully.
 Conducting the excavation process to increase efficiency of overall processing.
 Carrying out footing installation to concrete within wood forms via directly in the
trenches.
 To avoid any contact with moisture, especially in muddy soil, seal the footing.
 For building the basement of foundation, concrete blocks will be used, which will help in
ensuing a smooth development of stern walls for same.
Methods and techniques for pilling works:
Pile foundation is based mainly on two categories – one which is emphasised on actresses
which are being used; while another one includes types of construction process for conducting
the pile formation process (Sanjayan, Nazari and Nematollahi, 2019) . In context with present
scenario, for constructing a 1 km by 1km site, load bearing, soil compaction piles and Concrete
piles will be used, where following techniques will be used for installing thee piling system as
well as ground stabilization activities – Features of different piles; Factors which restricts
successful completion for installation process of pilling; Presence of space as well as headroom
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