Health & Safety: How to mitigate minor and near miss accidents on construction sites

This research focuses on the role of site inductions in mitigating minor and near miss accidents on construction sites, with a case study on Morgan Sindall Group. It explores the causes of accidents, the impact of induction programs, and recommends approaches to minimize accidents.

RESEARCH
DISSERTATION
(Health & Safety: How to mitigate
minor and near miss accidents on
construction sites)

Table of Contents
CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION....................................................................................................1
1.1 Overview of the Research................................................................................................1
1.2 Background of the Research.............................................................................................2
1.3 Research significance.......................................................................................................2
1.4 Focus and Purpose of the Research .................................................................................3
1.5 Research Aim ..................................................................................................................3
1.6 Research Objectives ........................................................................................................4
1.7 Research Question ...........................................................................................................4
1.8 Framework and Analyses ................................................................................................4
1.9 Structure of the Research .................................................................................................5
CHAPTER 2: LITERATURE REVIEW ........................................................................................6
Introduction ...........................................................................................................................6
2.1 The minor accidents that happened at construction site. .................................................6
2.2 The role of induction function at construction site...........................................................8
2.3 The impact of induction function on reducing rate of accidents at construction site.....10
2.4 The recommendation of different approaches in order to minimise the rate of minor
accidents at construction sites..............................................................................................12
CHAPTER 3: RESEARCH METHODOLOGY ..........................................................................14
3.1Introduction.....................................................................................................................14
3.2 Research Philosophy......................................................................................................14
3.3 Research Design.............................................................................................................14
3.4 Research Approach:........................................................................................................14
3.5 Research Type:...............................................................................................................15
3.6 Data collection:...............................................................................................................15
3.7 Data Sampling:...............................................................................................................15
3.8 Validity and Reliability:.................................................................................................15
3.9 Research Limitation: .....................................................................................................16
3.10 Ethical consideration:...................................................................................................16
3.11 Data analyses ...............................................................................................................16

3.12 Questionnaire ...............................................................................................................16
CHAPTER 4: DATA ANALYSIS ...............................................................................................16
Discussion.............................................................................................................................29
CHAPTER 5: CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION ....................................................30
5.1 Conclusion .....................................................................................................................30
5.2 Recommendation ...........................................................................................................30
REFERENCES ............................................................................................................................34

CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION
1.1 Overview of the Research
Health and safety can be consisting as a most essential element of human’s life as each
individual is concern towards safety of their heath. In this modern world people are very much
concern about their safety and security at work place. Small as well as large business enterprises
ensure their employees about safety and security at work place. Construction can be considered
as the most developing sector which helps in increasing the income level of economy. The level
of risk is so high in the department of construction as it is essential for organisation or its
authority to provide surety about the safety of employees and workers at work place. In this
sector organisations are taking responsibility of employee’s life and provide various safety
measures to them as to protect them from any kind of issue or conflict. Therefore, every
construction corporation required to use best practices in order to maintain health and safety
standards which helps to minimise potential accidents at site. Construction seek as a one of the
riskiest sector which need various and specific requirements for the contractors to meet all
standards which was designed and developed by the government bodies. On the other hand,
employees also need to follow these all guidelines and use different types of safety equipment
which prevent potential injuries in an appropriate manner. It is required for each business
organisation to provide induction program to their significant employees as to developing their
skills and ability to work and also reduce the risk factor. Construction can be consisting as the
most crucial business in which risk is so high and organisation and its authorities are focused on
providing proper induction or training session to their new and existing employees as to ensure
their employees about their safety and security. Therefore, the study of role of induction at site is
also essential. Site induction is a part of training which is related to the providing all information
about the work, risk management, rules and regulations, common hazards, roles and
responsibilities of management which increase productivity and reducing accidents rate.
Morgan Sindall Group is one of the popular British based construction business and the
companies headquartered is in London. The major purpose of the firm is to constructing high
quality building through applying various constrictive equipment’s.
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1.2 Background of the Research
The research into consideration is based on Health and Safety: How to mitigate minor
and near miss accidents on construction sites and assessing the role of site inductions used to aid
this. A case study on Morgan Sindall Group Plc. It is one of the leading construction and civil
engineering company in United Kingdom. The cited firm is listed in London Stock exchange
and their annual revenue is approximate 2500 million which is quite good as compared to their
competitors. In the context of given study, according to the higher authorities the rate of group
accidents is increased by 27 percent in 2015 which is quite higher as compare to the statement of
past few years. The health and safety standards of Morgan Sindall Group Plc meet the corporate
standards and they also provide training and development program before start any construction
at site. The cited firm believes that employee protection is the first priority therefore, they use
different range of tools and equipment, giving presentation, graphics, posters and other fact sheet
talk and ensure regarding 100 percent safety to their significant employees and workers.
Therefore, Morgan Sindall Group Plc required to identify key personal and their responsibilities,
redesign policies and risk management system, implement all international standards to
overcome group hazards, established site visit, monitoring system, effective training which are
too essential for every business organization. The current research concerned about reviewing
the initial phase of construction to the final phase and communicating with workers and other
responsible personal regrading improvement which helps to meet its short and long term goals
and target in an effective manner. Work related injuries causes for a business organization and
for the staff as well. Because, it creates a negative image of the company in public, adverse
impact on their revenue due to compensate to injured employees. legal cost, loss of production
time and other issues.
1.3 Research significance
The present study helps to identify appropriate and suitable solution for reducing the rate
of accidents and group injuries at workplace. Morgan Sindall Group conduct their business
operation in the UK and there are having various public and private sectors projects. But in the
recent year the rate of near miss accidents is growing which is not good for the cited firm.
Therefore, the business entity needs to design and develop new policies and guidelines and
identify different types of potential risk. On the other hand, there are various factors which pays
and prominent role in order to overcome such incidents such as government rules and
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regulations, technological, legal and so on. The significance of the current research report to
understand the health and safety in construction site at Morgan Sindall and contribute in order to
develop solution for such problem. The current study will not have a regulatory and management
burden but provide the future benefits and opportunities in an effective manner. These
advantages involving minimising risk at the construction place, reducing absenteeism of workers
which leads to increase efficiency and productivity, overcoming legal; and regulatory threats,
reducing cost of operation and increase the satisfaction level of stakeholders which is a common
goal for every business organization.
1.4 Focus and Purpose of the Research
The main focus of this study is to identify minor and near miss accidents at construction
site which is too significant for a business organization to maintain its profit and revenue in an
effective manner. Health and safety is one of the critical and complex aspects in construction
which needs to be covered. Hence, the focus has been related to the different types of hazards
and its relation to business performance. additional, the area of focus will be covered the role of
cite induction and other aspects. Health and safety at workplace is always one of the major issue
for construction industry which creates a negative impact on its overall performance. Various
researchers have been completed their research on the health and safety issue at construction site.
On the other hand, other researchers have conducted their study about the determination of these
accidents rate and its direct and indirect impact on current and future performance. With the help
of the major causes and comparison of different companies’ safety standards such types of
injuries will be overcome in an effective manner. The main issue for every contractor are non-
fatal accidents and poor health accounted more than 25 percent injuries at workplace. This study
will examine the different types of risk and hazards faced by an individual and its influences on
other business activities which is not good for a company. further, the research will explore the
various tools and techniques to minimise such accidents in the near future which helps to attain
their long term targets in an effective manner.
1.5 Research Aim
The study ‘Health & Safety; How to mitigate minor and near miss accidents on
construction sites and assessing the role of site inductions used to aid this’. A case study on
Morgan Sindall Group.
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1.6 Research Objectives
 To identify minor accidents which could be happened at construction site.
 To determine the role of induction function at construction site.
 To determine the impact of induction function on reducing rate of accidents at
construction site.
 To recommend different approaches in order to minimise the rate of minor accidents at
construction site.
1.7 Research Question
 What are the minor accidents that happened at construction site?
 What is the major role of induction function at construction site?
 What is the impact of induction function on reducing rate of accidents at construction
site?
 What is the recommendation of different approaches in order to minimise the rate of
minor accidents at construction sites?
1.8 Framework and Analyses
This section of the research report initially provides the details about the different stages
should be used. This part of the research related with the giving information regarding research
methodologies will be used. Apart from that, researchers required that to use a different types of
strategies, data collection methods, tools and techniques, sampling approaches and so on. This
part of research provides the authenticity and validity of the report which is crucial for any
research.
Research Designs- This is one of the significant part of any research which is related to the
strategy that can be used by the researcher in the proposed study in a logical way and ensuring
the research carried out in an effective manner. In the current study descriptive research will be
used in order to addressing the issue.
Research Philosophy- This is related with the different type of approaches will be used in order
to collected data in an effective manner. Research philosophy can be categorised in to positivism
and interpretivism. In the current report Intrepretivism approach will be used by the researchers.
Research Approach- There are two types of research approach which can be used in a study. In
the present study inductive approach carried out to make an appropriate solution.
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Research Type- There are two types of research types one is qualitative which is related with an
understanding the attitude and behaviours of an individual. on the other hand, quantitative types
report related with the facts and analyse the numerical term for a given problem.
Data collection Method- This is essential for the researchers to select an appropriate and suitable
collection methods in order to collecting information. In the present report primary and
secondary both types of data will be used in an effective manner.
Sampling Technique- This is another significant tool where researchers have to select a suitable
sampling techniques to provide the best possible solution to the company, in the present report
random sampling will be used.
Data Analyses Technique- It is essential for a researcher to analyse and evaluate the collected
data. In this study, qualitative methods will be used in order to make an appropriate conclusion
of a given report.
1.9 Structure of the Research
This is another section of the report which is related with the structure of the study carried
out. There is various part of the report which has been discussed in an effective manner. it
provides appropriate brief of the research which is too significant for the researchers. These are
given below:
Chapter 1: Introduction: This is the another and the first part of the researcher which is related
with the background of the proposed study and its aims and objectives. In the context of current
report, the aim of the report is about health and safety issues at construction site and the role of
site induction which is too significant for the cited firm.
Chapter 2: Literature Review: It is an evaluation paper which founded the view and thoughts of
different authors and academic experts in order to make an appropriate examination regarding a
specific topic. The literature review is a theoretical framework of research which helps to
described the critically analyses of their views on aim in an effective manner. The purpose of this
part of the report will provide the knowledge and information about the topic which is carried out
by the researchers. There are various academic journals, newspaper articles, books and other
materials in order to understand the viewpoint of authors which help to minimise the gap of
research.
Chapter 3: Research Methodology: This is another essential part of research which is related
with the methodologies used in the proposed report. In the context of given report, there are
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different types of data collection approaches, evaluation tools and techniques that will be used. It
also includes different methods of data interpretation, research gap, ethical consideration of the
researcher which plays a prominent role in a research.
Chapter 4: Data Analyses: Data collection plays a vital role in order to gathering specific and
relevant information. There are various methods and approaches which will be used on the basis
of primary and secondary information which helps to make a solution.
Chapter 5: Conclusion and Recommendation: This is final part of the research which is related
with the providing conclusion and recommendation on the basis of collected data and
information. This part will explain about how health and safety issues will be minimised in order
to improve performance which is the primary goals for every business.
CHAPTER 2: LITERATURE REVIEW
Introduction
The major aim of the present literature reviews is to collect relevant information on
research title. The main sources of this part will be collected from the bibliography which is
mentioned in the last part of the study which includes newspaper articles, journals, reference
books and so on. This report start from a literature review on health and safety in relating to
construction site. Because, the accidents occurred in the construction industry is high as compare
to other sectors which is highlighted in this report. further, it will also point out the improving
and measures in order to overcome such injuries level at workplace.
2.1 The minor accidents that happened at construction site.
As per the opinion of Melanie Burden, 2012, construction sector is the most developing
sector in which wide range of people work for attaining high growth and success in their career.
Construction sector plays a crucial role in growth and development for each and every country. It
can be involving developing infrastructure, roads, dam, bridge, tunnels and so on. It provides
large number of jobs in variety of sectors such as agriculture, industry, education, health etc.
There are different types of organization which is related with the designers, architects,
engineers, accountants, contractors, civil engenders, supervisors, labour and other professionals.
The construction work can be divided into several aspects such as domestic, commercial and
non-commercial. Such types of work can be related with the reconstruction, expansion,
maintenance and repair. On the other hand, there are various rules and regulation which having
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large influence and decision making. There are different types of government organization which
are responsible to provide clearance. These can be environment, health and safety, risk
management, hazards control and other legal aspects. This is the responsibility of contractor to
provide all security and safety at workplace which help to create a healthy environment. It leads
to increase productivity and efficiency which increase profit in an effective manner. According
to the data and statistics construction industry involves large number of risk and hazards as
compare to any other industry. Therefore, this sector recognises where health and safety low
poorly maintained at site and the standards which followed by contractors not up to the
satisfactory level. Because, there are different types of activities such as demolition, material
handling, material lifting, heavy equipment operation, ground and heights work and so on. All
these activities having more risk which needs highly safe and secure standards and guidelines in
order to minimise accidents rate in an effective manner. At construction sites various type of
accidents are happened in which some are evaluated as below:
Falls from height: This can be consisting as the most common accident which is mostly
happened at construction sites. This could arise when employees and workers falls from
scaffolding or ladders. Such type of incidents causes various issues like broken bones, back
injuries, fractures and various head injuries. It is the major responsibility of organisational
managers to provide various safety measures as to providing safety and security to their
significant buyers. Morgan Sindall Group Plc ensure their employees and staff people about
safety and security at work place and provide healthy and friendly working environment to their
significant customers who are contributing their vast efforts at work place in developing
organisational performance and productivity.
Falling Objectives: At construction site people are engaged in various type of activities and use
different kind of equipment’s as to giving shape to the construction. The possibility of falling
objective is high at construction site an object is dropped on employee’s body and harm them
effectively. In an organisation employer and higher authority is responsible for providing best
and effective treatments to their workers. In Morgan Sindall Group Plc managers are always
keeping an eye on each and every function of firm that are performed by workers and also taking
care about the safety measures at work place. This is another causes which also create risk for
accidents at construction site. The majority of death after falls are related with such causes which
required proper training of equipment handling, use of machinery and so on.
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Electrocutions:
There are more than 10 percent worker injured due to electrocutions. There is various
equipment which can be contact with such power lines and create a serious issue for the
contractors and employees. on the other hand, miscommunication also can be occurred a serious
accident which must minimised by the business organization in an effective manner. they
required to monitor all operational activities at site and provide all first add and health protection
which leads to minimise such rate of accidents and beneficial for both employer and employee.
Tripping Hazards:
Hazards are numerous in the construction site, this considered to the hazard of tripping
over cables or falling into holes at the construction place and created for completion of building
process. It is the responsibility of supervisor to use appropriate safety measures as to providing
health safety to their significant employees.
https://www.simpsonmillar.co.uk/news/the-most-common-accidents-in-the-construction-
industry-1916
2.2 The role of induction function at construction site.
In each small as well as large business organisation induction program has to be provided
to the new employees as to make them familiar with organisation of its activities that are held at
work place. In the introduction session roles and responsibilities are assigned to the employees
which are needs to be performed by them in effective and efficient manner. The construction
industry in UK is one of the largest sectors across European countries and reshaping new
infrastructure in an effective manner. This is divided into small sectors such as urban
infrastructure, rural infrastructure, forestry management, civil construction, mining and so on. It
also provides more than 10 percent employment across the UK and producing approx. £120
billion per annum and also contribute more than 7 percent of total GDP. On the other hand, it has
also having negative impact on Brexit, which shows that this sector is growing must larger rather
as compare to other industries. Induction function plays vast role at construction site as to
providing right direction to the organisational employees through assigning them various tasks
and duties as per the capabilities of employees and workers. Induction function plays various
roles in which some are described as below:
Clear vision about Organisation: It is the foremost duty which is performed by organisation or
its higher authority as to providing a proper introduction about organisation or its culture. This
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also helps in rendering proper and accurate information about the organisational activities that
are held in the different department of firm. A clear vision helps in signifies the duty of
individual at work place.
Training and development program: It is the major activity which is performed by each
business firm in the function of induction. It is required for each business organisation to provide
training session as to developing the skills and ability of employees so that they can work with
more passion and coordination. On the other hand, this is also responsibility of contractors to
provide various training and improve site induction before starting work on site. They also can
provide periodic training that how to handle heavy machinery, vehicle and other equipment in
order to minimise such data in the near future. Further, there is also required to design and
develop new system and process which are related with the construction industry. Innovation and
technology can be used by the contractors to reducing these data at construction site. Virtual
reality can be used by the industry in order to provide training and other aspects in an effective
manner. Government can allow mandatory meeting regarding health and safety measurement
over a period of time. It will help to improve risk management at site and improve supervising.
The government also required to conduct audit which related with safety measure and maintain
the minimum safety standards at site in an effective manner in order to meet its short and long
term goals.
Assigning Roles and responsibility: This section is effective in assigning roles and
responsibilities to the employees. In this roles are assigned as per the skills and ability of people
at work place. The fundamental object of each business organisation is to hire well skilled and
educated people at work place as to increasing performance and productivity at market place. the
role of supervisors is too critical at construction site. This is the responsibility of supervisors to
monitor all operation and tries to reduced accidents rate. In the recent years, there are various
educational institution who provide certification of supervisors at construction site can be
minimise risk in the upcoming future. The another changes are related with the poor design in
order to prevent safety measures. Therefore, this is the responsibility of construction company is
to analyses these challenges in an effective manner and tries to use new concepts and procedure
which help to overcome pressure on worker. There are various people involves in a project
which having their own roles and responsibility in order to minimising such accidents. These
parties directly or indirectly linked with a project. These people can be contractor, sub-
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contractors, suppliers, workers, engineers, project manager, supervisors, risk auditors,
government and community. A contractor responsibility is to provide all necessary equipment
and machinery. So that worker can perform their task. On the other hand, they also make sure
that sub-contractor most follows all guidelines sterility at workplace. In a construction project,
there are large number of suppliers who responsible to supply all equipment, hardware, material
and human resources, for example, if a supplier provide HR should be training and perform to
perform their task with full safety. Further, this is the role of material suppliers is to provide high
quality material which meet their minimum standard set by the concerned authority.
2.3 The impact of induction function on reducing rate of accidents at construction site.
Induction is the practice of providing information to parties to which is related to the
construction work like new entrants, visitors to the sites or with the help of existing worker. The
information given through induction includes information about the site, worker. The induction
plays an important role in reducing the accidents because it provides information of the particular
place where construction is going to start. There are various types of induction which is apply for
giving information to new worker working at the sites like induction of sites, specific induction
about site. when any person injuries or killed at a construction site, the ramifications can extend
to family member and last a lifetime. Work related injuries can cause loss of income, chronic
pain, expensive medical expenses, a decrease in quality of life and psychological suffering. Legal
advice and worker’s compensation insurance can remedy the loss of income and medical
expenses. The construction industry is a highly accident prone industry with construction site
which has been acknowledge as the dangerous place to work. The causes of accidents include the
workforce casualization, changing work environment. Accident can also have been viewed as the
originating factor. There is various factor which impact the construction sites which are given
below:
It helps in increase the productivity of the construction business: If the induction process done
in proper manner then it helps worker to take precaution wherever needed. The activity involve
in the construction is being done as per the plan. It helps in competing the work in stipulated
time frame and there is less chance of accidents. It also enhances the productivity of business.
According to the higher authorities and government data construction industry required more
than million workers in the next few years due to demand. The demand of housing and other
products are grown by approx. 5 percent annual. It will lead to increase the work both in
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commercial and housing sector. There are large number of skilled workforce in the United
Kingdom which is transferable by effective training which can be provided by the company or
government bodies.
Maximise the profitability: Proper implementation of induction process leads to increase
profitability of construction business. The activities involve in the construction are as per plan
which are being done in systematic way. All work processes are being done in stipulated time
frame. Construction sector is one of the competitive industry in the UK which is having a large
impact on demand of product. On the other hand, the graduates are earning highly pay as
compare to other countries leads to increase the demand.
Competitive Advantage: There are lots of rivals in the marketplace which are related to
construction department. Continuous change in strategies and implementation of new and
advance technology in construction business leads to take competitive advantage. It helps in
maximising the profit of the construction business. Due to implementation of advance
technology it aids to develop the construction business and attract large number of customer due
to enhancement in performance of the construction company.
Sustain customer for long time: Due to improvement in performance of the construction
business it leads to establish the strong relationship between the construction organisation and
the customers. Customer attract to the organisation because it provides qualitative service to the
customer. Construction companies are time bound to complete any projects. Customer also
emphasis on those company who complete the work in time.
As per the above mentioned point it shows that infrastructure develop and moving new
heights which create large number of jobs in the upcoming years. According to the government
statistics this sectors will grow by £ 200 billion in the next few years which also need different
types of professionals and workers. Despite of that, there is no change in the safety and health
measures by the government as well as the contractor. Therefore, this is the responsibility of both
public and private bodies to design new policies and rules which helps to reduce accidents rate in
an effective manner.
2.4 The recommendation of different approaches in order to minimise the rate of minor accidents
at construction sites.
In the recent year’s construction industry facing lack of skills and un-experienced staff at
the site of work place. The health and safety standards are going down which a serious issue for
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government. The budget of HSE also cut by approximate 35 percent which is also not good for
civil industry. UK construction sectors known as one of the leading in health and safety measure
in the world. There are various rules and legislation designed by the government. Apart from
that, HSE is responsible for managing such issue and minimise accidents and injuries in an
appropriate manner. The CDM regulation helps to improve health and managing all construction
work from start to end in an appropriate manner. This legislation helps to coordinate and
communicate regrading work at the construction site. An individual having a right to ask
regarding risk associated with proposed project. On the other hand, there are also various
standards to provide variety of equipment which needs to perform for day to day operation at
construction site. Site induction one of the most significant tool where contractor can minimise
potential risk. It helps to provide guideline regrading project and provide specific information. At
construction site, there are different types of operation which needs specific clothing and tool to
operate in an effective manner. Apart from that, this is the responsibility of contractor to installed
sign and symbol board which helps to understanding by each and every worker. The government
also conduct health and safety audit at construction site which provide the information relating to
safety measures implemented by the company and increase profitability and effectiveness
through reducing accidents rate. It leads to increase corporate image in the industry and public
which is too essential for each and every organization. Accidents at construction sites are
incredibly common and these are avoidable in nature. In an organisation project manager is
responsible for all activities that are held at construction site. Manager needs to apply various
safety measures as to providing safety and security to their significant customers. There are
various measures which are required for a manager to take into proper action at work place.
Some essential elements that helps in minimising the risk at work place are associated as below:
Daily Safety meetings: In this the higher authority and managers of firm are providing various
direction to the employees as to work with more coordination and efforts. In this type of meeting
various safety tools are introduced by firm as to providing safety at the time of conflict. Daily
safety meeting ensures their employees about keep their self-up to date with organisational
activity and follow safety schemes in order to making their self-safe and secure.
Reduce the amount of night work: At the construction site risk is so high and in the night timing
people are not able to do work and this cause various conflicts and issues. Late working hours
and dark environment make a greater influence for accidents. Organisation such as Morgan
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Sindall Group Plc are concern on minimize the amount of night work, or limit it to a low risk
area of the working environment. This type of measures are helps in reducing the amount of risk
at work place and leads the firm towards right direction to attain growth and profit.
Proper safety gear: Construction sites are consisting as notorious in nature as these are effective
for unpredictable accidents and unforeseen safety hazards. Workers safety is the prior objective
of any business firm as it helps in establishing sustainability among employees. This also helps
in encouraging employees at work place as to developing their performance and productivity in
order to attaining higher competitive edge at market place.
Working at construction site is totally different from fixed workplace like factory or
manufacturing unit. Therefore, this industry considered is most hazardous sector for working.
There are various causes of accidents at site which is required to identity various factors and
attain their short and long term targets in an appropriate manner. The construction sector is
changing where the main contractor distribute work among sub-contractors for a certain time or
full time according to the requirement. It can lead to increase the accidents rate due to time
constants. There are various key causes of injuries which is based on nature of construction,
nature of work, human attitude and behaviour, complex working environment, poor risk
management, lack of skills, poor equipment handling, procedures and so on. The changing nature
of construction work is one of the major reason which resulted into accidents and injuries. On the
other hand, there are also change in socio-economic development change in the scale of injuries.
Use of technology also helps to reduced such accidents and increase production and efficiency in
an effective manner. The another reason of use of multiple language at construction site which
create confusion on worker’s mind.
CHAPTER 3: RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
3.1Introduction
This is one of the integral part in study which related with methods and approaches used
by the researcher. It involves methodology such as data collection techniques, research design,
ethical consideration, research approach and type etc. There are various issues which create at the
time of conducting easily managed by this division of research. The current report will be used
various tools and techniques are going to be explained in an effective manner.
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3.2 Research Philosophy
It is essential for a researcher is that to collect all relevant information effectively. This is
one of the stage where data has been collected by using various approach and utilise and interpret
to develop a conclusion. Two types of research philosophy positivism and interpretivism used to
meet suitable evaluation. In the present report, interpretivism approach will be used which is too
significant in the report. The most important think in this part the application of these tools which
provide valuable things in the research.
3.3 Research Design
A research design is related with how project manager investigate collected data and
analysed in a systematic manner. There are different types of research design such as descriptive,
experimental and exploratory. In descriptive approach explaining a specific problem and
attempts through one or more hypothesis. An experimental research method concerned with the
causes and its relation with effects. In other words, this approach tries to build relation an
independent variable on dependent and make recommendation in an effective manner. In the
present report, exploratory research tool will be used which helps to generate explanation and
exploring the problem in an effective manner.
3.4 Research Approach:
Collection of method is too significant for researchers which helps to get the right and relevant
information, so that they can make their decisions in an effective manner. These research
approach helps to identify the health issue in construction industry. The present study deductive
technique used which provide the various recommendation regarding overcome accidents rate
through in a more effective manner. This approach beneficial for the researchers to complete the
study in a limited time and avid potential risk.
3.5 Research Type:
There are two types of research used in a project to solve a problem in an effective manner which
involves qualitative and quantitative. In the qualitative research approach attitude and behaviour
and interpret such attitude which help to solve problem. On the other hand, quantitative approach
will be used for a business organization in order to analyse historical and numerical data in an
appropriate manner.
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3.6 Data collection:
It is essential for researcher to decide their data collection strategy which helps to meet
their research aims and objectives. There are two types of data approach will be used by project
manager which having large influence to solve a given problem. In this context, primary and
secondary methods in an appropriate manner. Primary data are related with the infarction
collected directly from sources through survey, interview and observation. In the present report,
questionnaire survey will be used among respondents and tries to understand their response and
analyses it in a proper manner. Whereas, secondary data involves that information which already
collected from different sources. It involves different organization website, newspaper articles,
published journal and so on.
3.7 Data Sampling:
There are two types of sampling methods which include probabilistic and non-
probabilistic. In the first approach of sampling all participants from the given population can be
includes. In this approach equal chance to being selected among population. On the other hand,
second approach sampling is not providing equal change to being selected. Which having a
disadvantage. In this research report random sampling used for all organizational employees and
get the answer in a systematic way.
3.8 Validity and Reliability:
This is the responsibility of researcher is to analyse and evaluate information which has
been collected from their employees. At the time of data collection this is the responsibility of
researcher to make sure that information should be valid and reliable. The sources which has
been used must be authentic. If these data not up to the standards it will waste the overall
research. Therefore, researcher tries to gather all data from those sources where information can
be analyses and make an effective conclusion and recommendation.
3.9 Research Limitation:
At the time of carrying out research report, few issue faced by the staff of the company
which can be considered as limitation. Time one of the major constant which create problem for
researcher and influence its effectiveness. The sample size is also not enough for increase the
value of research. Therefore, this is responsibility of project manager to provide enough time and
resources to make further improvement in the upcoming research project.
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3.10 Ethical consideration:
For any time of research ethics plays a prominent role which helps to increase its
effectiveness of the research project. There are various code of conduct and ethical standard must
be followed by the researchers and promote pure form of research. In the present report all
ethical requirement fulfilled and data has been collected by the permission of respondents. The
confidentiality also be maintained and terminated after use in the project. It helps to increase
goodwill of the company and crate an ideal corporate image in the market.
3.11 Data analyses
On the basis of questionnaire, this is responsibility of researcher to interpret this
information so that they can construct an effective conclusion to meet project aims and
objectives. In this part of the report analyses is designed through thematic analyses which is most
appropriate way.
3.12 Questionnaire
Researcher need to carry out primary research which satisfy objectives of their proposed
report. for this, they collect primary information from its customer by using appropriate tool and
techniques and interpret them. Questionnaire survey most usable approach where researcher
make a serious of question as par their aims and objectives. There are various guidelines should
be followed by the project manager. In this report, there are 12 questions which related with
topic and satisfy proposed aims. There are different types of questions were asking to employees
their work, issues, and possible threats on business. so that company can improve their issue and
create an ideal image in the community.
CHAPTER 4: DATA ANALYSIS
This part of the study discussed about the different types of data which collected by
different sources. Data collection methods already discussed and this division will provide in a
more effective way. in the context of primary gathered through conducting survey among
employees of the company. For this, questionnaire approach has been applied with a set of
question related with the particular topic. On the other hand, for secondary information there are
various journal, books, online article has been used and develop a recommendation.
Source types Description
Journal There are different online journals has been including which are
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related with past study and provide authors viewpoint in an
effective manner. these references are note more than 10 years
which increase the value and reliability of the study.
Online articles A researcher need to draw an idea of the study and provide
supportive articles which helps to increase the validity of the
report. in the context health and safety at construction site there
are various online articles also be included.
Books There are various books also will be used specially google books
which helps to provide the background information and concept
of accidents at construction site and its prevention.
Questionnaire
Q.1 Company type
Q.1 Position within company
Q.2 What type of infrastructure project your company are doing?
o Buildings
o Nuclear
o Ports
o Dams
o Bridges
o Roads and highway
o Any Other
Q.3 Do you have an up to date health and Safety Policy?
o Yes
o No
Q.4 Do you provide Health and safety training to your employees?
o Yes
o No
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Q.5 Does your company have a health and safety department?
o Yes
o No
Q.6 Do you and your company carry out risk assessments for any possible hazards on your
site?
o Yes
o No
Q.7 Do you keep records of all accidents on site including near miss incidents?
o Yes
o No
Q.8 From your point of view, do these minor/near miss accidents reports help reduce or
prevent latter accidents?
o Yes
o No
Q.9 Are you satisfied with risk and hazard management at construction site?
o Satisfied
o Highly satisfied
o Dissatisfied
o Highly dissatisfied
Q.10 In your point of view, company site induction is enough for minimise accidents rate?
o Agree
o Disagree
o Highly agree
o Highly Disagree
Q.11 How do you and your company conduct site inductions (You may highlight more than
one from below)
o Video
o Small Examination
o Verbal communication
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Q.12 What is the major accidents cause at construction site?
o Poor training
o Poor site induction
o Lack of safety gear
o Poor site management in general
o Any other
Q.13 Do you think all accidents can be prevented?
o Yes
o No
Q.14 Please mention your recommendation in order to overcome accidents
Theme 1 Infrastructure project done of companies
Construction sector one of the widely used in various development projects. Morgan Sindall
Group is civil engineering company who having large project in UK as well as outside. These are
commercial building and housing developing which can be conserved and urban development.
Rural develop, dams, ports, airports and other civil engineering projects. Each types of
construction site having its own pons and cos and scope of nature on the basis of risk. This
question helps to understand the size of risk and its potential recommendation for improvement.
On the basis of data, the majority of employees are working in commercial project which must
be focused on the concerned authorities.
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Findings: As per the given diagram, 15 workers out of 15 said that they working in
commercial building projects, 0 employees performed in ports, 0 in Dam building, and rest of
them are road, bridges, nuclear and any other infrastructure development. These information is
too significant for Morgan Sindall Group to understand their worker and their attitude toward
their work. On the other hand, this is also helps to provide an appropriate data which can be used
in the future for risk management. So that they can implement government guidelines and build a
safe working environment for them. Apart from that, business organization having separate
department for each project. It helps to understand the number of employees and their risk
probably can be minimized.
Theme 2 Workers opinion on Up to date health and safety policy.
Each and every staff required a safe and secure environment in order to perform their task in an
appropriate manner. Specially at construction site, the probability of risk is higher as compare to
other industry. In the context of Morgan Sindall Group, required that to determine employee’s
opinion which can be analysed and examine in an effective manner. the majority of staff are need
feel safe which is one of the major concern for cited firm and must be overcome by using
different safe and security measures. So that they can achieve research aims in an appropriate
way.
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Findings: As per the above mentioned graphical representation it has been interpreted
that, 15 out of 15 workers feels that they having concern regarding safe and secure working
environment. It means that firm needs to provide healthy and safe working environment to its all
employees. It this concern it needs to analyse risk areas. These information shows that all staff
members need a more effective and specific risk management plan which help to overcome
potential risk and make their life safer and secure at the construction site. With this assistance, a
staff can perform extremely well which leads to increase productivity and efficiency in an
effective way. This data shows that Morgan Sindall Group having effective and appropriate risk
management and increase staff confidence level.
Theme 3 Staff opinion on Health and safety training at construction site.
This question is related with the importance of health and safety training at construction site. It
helps to overcome accidents rate at construction in an effective manner.
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Findings: As per the above mentioned graphical representation it has been concluded that 15
staff out of 15 said that company conduct needs to such training before sending to them site. It
can improve their efficiency. It involves different types of work such as elevating work, crane
operation, truck operator, drilling work and so on. The main aim of such question to understand
potential risk and how to minimize such hazard through providing an appropriate mechanism. On
the basis of this question, the responses were mixed which shows that, the sample has been
converted all department of work. This helps to make future guideline which can and provide
appropriate tools and training in an effective manner.
Theme 4 Customer opinion on presence of health and safety department in the company.
This is one of the significant question which helps to knowing the presence of health and safety
department at construction site. Such department is responsible for analyses and identity possible
risk and overcome potential accidents.
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Findings: From the above mentioned report it has been interpreted that, employees who are
working in the Morgan Sindall Group, approx. 14 employee’s states that company needs to
develop its separate health and safety department whereas only no one staff not agree with this
statement.
Theme 5 Employees opinion on carry out risk assessments for any possible hazards on
construction site.
Risk assessment plays a vital role in order to predict and forecast potential accidents at site.
Therefore, each and every construction company focused on this issue through using various
tools and techniques.
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Findings: There are 14 employees are agreeing that conducting an effective risk assessment
hazards will help to reduction in possible injuries whereas rest of them not satisfy with this
argument. This data help people to understand the accidents rate and majority of risk associated
with a task which should be overcome in the near future. Thus, Morgan Sindall Group need to
understand such task and provide sufficient and appropriate tool to perform a task in an effective
manner.
Theme 6 Employees opinion keep records of all accidents on site including near miss incidents.
This question is related with the recording of accidents at site which can help to reduction of
miss and near accidents. This is too significant for a company to recommend all accidents and
analyses them which can help to take recommendation for improvement.
Findings: According to the given data there are 14 respondents out of 14 which said “yes” this
will essential for them and record all types of accidents in an appropriate manner.
Theme 7 Staff point of view, do these minor/near miss accidents reports help reduce or prevent
latter accidents
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Findings: As per the above given graphical representation it has been interpreted that, most of the
employees are agreeing with this minor reports will be helpful in reducing accidents and rest of
them all 14 not satisfied with this statement.
Theme 9 Employees satisfaction regarding risk and hazard management at construction site
Worker satisfaction level plays a prominent role on their productivity and efficiency at work
place. But in the case of construction site, these satisfaction level related with the risk
management which prevent potential accidents and injuries. This is responsibility of a civil
engineering firm is to make an effective hazards system which helps to reduction of any errors
which leads to their profit due to save money and time. On the basis of given data, the majority
of respondents are not satisfied with current risk handling approach which must be improved by
the company. Morgan Sindall Group having their own systematic process to minimise upcoming
risk at site.
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Findings: From the above given information, there are 10 workers out of 15 who said the they
risk management is quite enough of the company to reduce any future accidents. There are only
5 employees who are highly satisfied with current hazard approach. On the other hand, the
number of staff which argued that risk approach not up to the mark required more improvement.
This information develops a key issue for the company and required to conduct audit of current
system and make improvement for the future in order to attain their goals in an effective manner.
Therefore, project manager of Morgan Sindall Group has a monitoring system where risk
probability is higher. With the help of such system they can prevent accidents and injuries level.
Theme 10 Workers opinion on role of site induction for reduction in accidents rate.
This question is related with the role of site induction at construction site in order to minimise
accident rate. This is essential for a construction company is to identity the role of training and to
understand the perception of their staff for such induction. The majority of respondent’s opinion
that this is too significant which helps to provide the various information such as site policies and
guidelines, possible associated risk as site, available risk management, first aid and other relevant
information.
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Findings: According to the above given graphical data, there are 07 workers who said that
induction helps to overcome accidents at site and they highly agree with this statement. These
respondents are agreed that such programmes will be helpful in order to understand the overall
situation in an appropriate manner. Whereas 08 staff argued that this is not provide any kind of
help which will minimise any potential hazards. Therefore, Morgan Sindall Group, need to
focused on site induction and tries to increase its effectiveness. They also provide live demo and
how to use equipment and tool at a particular site. With the help of these provision cited business
organization can have reduced their injuries and accidental rate in an effective manner. Morgan
Sindall Group having a unique site induction program helps to provide various information and
increase firm profit which is a common goal for every business organization.
Theme 11 Customer and their company conduct site inductions
This question is related with the customer opinion on different types of tools and approaches for
site induction. There is various other reason for the accidents at construction site should be
considered by the company in order to reduced such happening.
Findings: There is certain further reasons for the accidents at construction site should be
considered by the company in order to reduced such happening. There are all three staff favour
for training through video, 4 said that small examination is more good and rest of them approx. 5
favour for verbal communication and video one of the best approach. Rest of them onion for the
all three option are suitable for the construction company. Few task are less risker and few more,
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but risk will be there and must be minimised in an effective manner. The large number of
customer opinion that the rate of accidents at lift work is higher than any other task.
Theme 12 Staff opinion on major accidents cause at construction site
This is the major role of every civil company is to indemnity various causes of accidents and
make provision to prevention. This is one of the completed task for a company because,
construction site which is most dangerous industry in term of worker death and injuries. As per
the given information, the majority of accidents causes are related with the lack of safety gears
and equipment. Apart from that, there are also other reason for accidents and tries to minimised
in an effective manner.
Findings: From the above given data, there are 72 percent workers who said that the major
reason for accidents is poor training. In which 15 respondents said the poor site management
major causes which must be understand by the company whereas one employee’s thinks that
there is any other reason rate of accidents. At last, lack of equipment handling and maintenance
another reason which must be considered by the top management and tries to overcome such
accidents and provide a safe and secure environment for their worker. So that they can perform
their work in an effective manner which leads to increase productivity and profitability.
Theme 13 Workers opinion on all accidents can be prevented
This question is related with the staff opinion on accidents prevention. Morgan Sindall Group
needs to make an appropriate risk management plan and its implementation. This question is
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related with the employee’s perception on reducing site incidents and their concern regarding
their lives. The majority of staff said that these injuries can be minimized.
Findings: According to the mentioned graphical representation, it has been interpreted that 1
worker out of 15 is agreed with this statement and demanded that these injuries must be
minimised in an effective manner. On the other hand, there are 14 staff argued that these rate can
be reduced but not possible to prevented. Thus, company need understand their perception and
make sure that these accidents rate should be stopped by using various tools and techniques.
Discussion
This part of the research has been discussed about the overall survey and its
interpretation. In the previous phase of the report provide the perception of worker and their
attitude towards the risk and its elimination procedure. The top management of the company
required that to communicate all these finding with the different department, sub-contractors and
other concerned parties. The main objectives of this part to interact these issue at pre-planning of
the project. Because, it will provide the counter measures of major risk at initial stage and
enhanced the productivity of the project. there are different types of cost involves in a project
specially accidents rate. An injury can consume time and money, cost of material lost, cost of
damage equipment and hardware, delay n progressing work, cost of payment for compensation,
cost relating to cost of production etc. Therefore, a company required to consider all these factors
which save their time and money and enhanced their staff confidence level at higher level. On
the other hand, role of government needs to design new policies and legislation which prevent
29

serious injuries and reduction of accidents rate. They should communicate with the various
stakeholders with this industry and conduct feedback before implementing any rules and
regulation inn an effective manner.
CHAPTER 5: CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION
5.1 Conclusion
This is the part of the research in which summarise the overall report effectively. The first
phase of the study has been concluded the background of the research and company operation.
The topic is related with the mitigating risk at construction site. There are different objectives
and those are interlinked with each other. The second division of the research explained about
the different opinion of authors with argument. This is part of secondary research and presented
in an appropriate way. In the third part, where researcher discussed their various approaches and
methods which has been used. These are research type structure, philosophy, methods and so on.
The project manager is tries to conduct all relevant information and make a suitable finding
which also need further improvement. The most critical part in this study is to analysing of
primary data where thematic presentation has been given. This helps to present this information
in a manner which can be understandable for each and every Individual. The final part of the
report includes the conclusion and recommendation that what policies and tools can be used by
cited firm to overcome accidents rate and reducing the different types of cost associated with the
accidents.
5.2 Recommendation
This part of the report has been explained about the counter measures which can help to
minimise in an appropriate manner. As per the above discussion there are five to six causes
identified by the higher authorities. These causes can be:
Falls: This is one of the key aspects which must be considered by the project manager. As per the
report the majority of accidents due to people falls at work place. Therefore, this is the
responsibility of higher authorities is to analyses these risk. The most significant
recommendation related with the risk management. In this process determining possible hazards
one of the complex task which required to take and then design the overall process in an
effective manner. Monitoring one of the most critical aspects where cited frim need to assign
roles and responsibility for each division in order to reduction accidents rate.
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Mobile plant: This is another cause of accidents because at construction site due to mud and
other things visibility of individual reduced. Therefore, business organization required to arrange
enough lighting which can help to increase visibility and enhanced productivity. Apart from that,
they can also use technology which can provide the exact location and minimise potential risk in
an appropriate manner. Additional, they need to communicate with the site manager on regular
basis and make suggestion to reduction all accidental aspects in an effective manner.
Falling object and damage support material: It is natural that falling of different types of object
such as concrete, tiles, steel or any other any other material. These can be hit and falling on the
worker who are working below at site. It can injuries badly to the person and also cause for the
death or nay other serious injuries. On the other, there are different types of structure and
collapse due to human and natural errors. In order to protect such incidents, cited enterprise
required that to make a committee and supervise all such structure on regular basis.
Electric accidents: There are different types of work which are related with electricity and other
power supply to running heavy machinery. But due to lack of equipment and unsafe environment
these can be turn in to a serious accident. Therefore, it is the responsibility of project manager to
conduct audit for safe and security aspects and equipment and provide enough individual gear to
protect in an appropriate manner.
Apart from that, there are other safe and security aspects which can minimise by the using of
different types of tools and methods. these are:
Daily safety meetings: There are different types of work which lead by a division manager or
project manager needs to conduct a meeting on daily and make sure that all security and safety
and security measures. Security audit one of the most appropriate tool where a team evaluate the
current standards and match with those standards which are applied at site. It helps to identify the
gaps and fill such gaps in the near future.
Reduction of night work: This is one of the complex issue in construction site to work in the dark
environment. Because it can reduce visibility and increase probability of accidents at site. Cited
entity needs to preventing work at night and provide enough power for work at such environment
helps to enhanced visibility for work.
Appropriate trainings: Training plays a prominent role to overcome the accidents rate specially at
construction industry. There are different types of work need a proper training and development
season to perform a task in an effective manner. Further, there are various equipment which is
31

quite complex to operate. It also required training and instruction helps to maximize productivity
and efficiency ion an appropriate manner.
There are three types of prevention measures which should be implemented by the company.
these are:
Planning phase: This is initial phase where a company can prevent accident rate in an appropriate
manner. In this phase, the first aspect is related with safe access at site for people and vehicle.
Project management is tries to provide enough facility for separate entry of vehicle and
workforce.
Construction phase: This phase where an organization required to plan all activities in advance
such as different types of facilities, risk management plan, emergency exit etc. The main reason
for all these activates is to minimise potential injuries in an appropriate manner.
Health and safety management: It is systematic process where project management team forecast
risk at construction site, develop safety culture, educate each and every worker, monitoring
system, rules and guidelines. In this team contractor, subcontractor tries to build reputation
through an effective approach od risk management. There are following aspects of safety
management process:
 Develop a safety program policy where roles and responsibility and its implementation
should include.
 To design an effective and secure safety management process which prevent accidents
rate.
 There are various pre-qualification of safety management plan and conduct audit on
regular basis.
Today, the construction industry is growing at the decent rate which also increase the new
challenges in order to managing complicated and large site at a time. It will lead to increase the
accidents rate and not beneficial for both employer and employees. The large number of project
are in urban and most populated area required more safety and risk management. Innovation and
technology one of the best approach where project manager can reduce such accidents in an
appropriate manner. there are large number of companies using these technological project in
their operation and their response was good. This is the responsivity of project manager to
identity those such equipment and implement at construction site. These are:
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Wearable technology: The major problem at construction site related with the darkness and law
visibility. In such situation, the probability of accidents increase which is not good for the
business organization. By using of such clothing which can be increased visibility and reduced
accidents are in an effective manner. There are various smart eye wears such as Google glass
which provide a facility of quick assess at site which can prevent any accidents in an effective
manner.
Drones: Construction site one of the place where accidents arte are higher than any other
industry. There is various area which not accessible for an individual to stand and running a
works. In such areas drones are one of the best tool which increase productivity and reduced
possible risk in an effective manner.
Cameras: There are various areas which required 24X7 supervision and minimise human errors,
Cameras can provide more assess and increase the monitoring system at construction site.
Smart devices: There are various devices which reduced time and increase productivity. With the
helps to these smart equipment project managers can eliminating future risk at site.
33

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