Health Variations Report 2022

Running head: Health variations
Health variations
Name of the student:
Name of the university:
Authors note:

HEALTH VARIATIONS1
Pathogenesis of the clinical manifestations with which Mrs Brown presented
Mrs Brown was suffering from acute shortness in breathing and chronic respiratory
disease. She was suffering from severe dyspnoea and experienced sense of uncomfortable
breathing. The respiratory stimuli and the neuroventilatory dissociation are the common
mechanism that evoke the sense of breathlessness. Vagal stimulation arising from
bronchoconstriction often plays a role in dyspnoea. The cause of the disease is either
pathological or physiological. In bilateral basal cracks the alveoli gets collapsed by fluid or
due to lack of aeration during expiration (Brahmbhatt & Cowie, 2018).
Bilateral cracks are more common during inhalation but may occur in exhalation
also. The opening of alveoli and small alveoli which collapsed by fluid and lack of aeration
during expiration. Accumulation of mucus is common in case of pneumonia and increased
amount results in bilateral cracks. There is a difficulty in breathing due to interference in the
airflow that develops a feeling of uneasiness in breathing. Bilateral cracks is not a disease and
is a sign of infection in respiratory pathway. The excess fluid in the lungs is secondary to
congested heart failure and causes bilateral cracks. Mrs Brown has a respiratory rate of
around 24 per minute, which is normal in this age. The bilateral cracks originate in the base
of the lungs. Age oriented organ dysfunction also results in increased risk of respiratory tract
infection. Pulmonary edema and infections like pneumonia are the main reasons of bilateral
cracks in lungs.
Mrs Brown has a history of heart failure in the family and is at advanced risk. Heart
failure is associated with bilateral cracks as it is the sign of detoriation of heart. Patient with
asymptomatic cardiovascular disorder are more prone to have bilateral cracks and explosive
respiratory sound during inhaling (Carter et al, 2016). The presence of other organ system
disease are more likely to develop respiratory illness in aged population. Heart failure and

HEALTH VARIATIONS2
chronic obstructive pulmonary disease are also the main reason behind dyspnoea. The
strength of respiratory muscle decreases with ageing thus making them more susceptible to
respiratory tract infection. The oxygen saturation level of the woman is normal and there is
no risk associated.
In aged person, the amount of peak airflow and gaseous exchange is decreased.
Pulmonary edema can also cause crackles in the lungs. There is a considerate amount of
decrease in the effectiveness of the defence mechanism of lungs. The respiratory rate of Mrs
Brown is also higher which a sign of respiratory illness and heart function is at risk. The
increased respiratory rate is the cause of severe dyspnoea. Air borne injuries is a sign of
danger to the respiratory tract (Chiong, 2016). Interstitial lung disease is caused due to both
ageing and environmental factors. Lung fibrotic disorders leads to such chronic respiratory
failure. Tissue congestion and reduced cardiac output are symptoms of chronic heart failure.
Severe dyspnoea is associated with acute exacerbation of chronic systolic heart failure.
The most common cause of atrial in fibrillation is change in structure of heart and
abnormal signals by atria. In patients with atrial fibrillation, pneumonia is a trigger such as
pulmonary embolism. The pathophysiology suggests that Mrs Brown suffered pulmonary
crackles due to her heart condition (Ramalingam et al, 2018). The onset of atrial in
fibrillation is a trigger for pneumonia or other respiratory illness. Mrs Brown presented with
risk of clinically progressive heart failure. The onset of bilateral crackles occurs with over
accumulation of mucus that is common in old age. Atrial in fibrillation and dyspnoea both
result in shortness of breathe in the patient. Increased pulmonary pressure and tissue
congestion are important clinical syndrome that is affecting the patient’s condition. The
history of heart failure in Mrs Brown is related to the diagnostic result that suggest the
respiratory illness (Cutugno, 2015). In elder patients like Mrs Brown there is a tendency of
accumulation of mucus that leads to blockage of air pathway resulting in difficult to breathe.