This paper analyzes a case study of a 59-year old African-American with hypertension, exploring the role of ethnicity, social determinants of health, and the significance of systolic pressure. It also discusses the type of heart failure and the mechanism of action of prescribed medications.
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HEALTHCARE1 Pathophysiology Student’s Name Institutional Affiliation
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HEALTHCARE2 Introduction Hypertension is also called high blood pressure (HBP) which is a medical illness whereby blood pressure persists in the arteries in the long-term. Typically, hypertension does not contribute to symptoms because it occurs due to underlying conditions like a kidney illness (Cuffee et al., 2013). This condition needs to be contained to avoid other troubles such as stroke or heart failure. Most precisely, lifestyle variables are the best methods to contain hypertension. Therefore, this paper seeks to analyze a case about a 59-year old who suffers from hypertension. His uppermost reading is 168/92 mm Hg which is higher than normal and it puts him at risk of conditions such as stroke and heart attack. Ethnicity as a Cause of Hypertension Notably, his ethnicity as an African-American contributes to hypertension because they are associated with a higher prevalence of diabetes and obesity. Additionally, they are sensitive to salt and also, the eating habits play a significant role in raising his condition because he eats nachos and hotdogs with the children which are an unhealthy diet. Social Determinants of Health Food is the main social determinant of wellbeing that adds to the incidence of hypertension among African Americans as it is associated with high sodium intake (Nwabuo et al., 2014). Moreover, most African-Americans are economically unstable thus they lack adequate access to healthy foods hence they are highly vulnerable to hypertension. Significance of an Elevated Systolic Pressure Significance of eminent systolic pressure in absence of diastolic blood pressure, pathophysiology causing high hypertension and also the ultimate occurrence of hypertension is a significant issue of concern. This is because a normal reading of hypertension is 120/80 mm Hg.
HEALTHCARE3 In case the systolic HBP exceeds 130 and the diastolic HBP is below 80 is therefore known as isolated systolic hypertension. This kind of hypertension is usually common among elderly persons above 65 years even though it can be detected among younger individuals. Additionally, isolated systolic hypertension develops due to diabetes, hyperthyroidism, and artery stiffness. Moreover, heart valve issues may contribute greatly to the prevalence of this condition (Liu, Rodriguez & Wang, 2015). Type of Heart Failure In this case, the African-American is at risk of suffering from heart failure. Precisely, he might develop an ischemic type of heart failure. Ischemic heart condition indicates that the heart muscles lack adequate blood and in most cases, it develops due to atherosclerosis or coronary artery condition that impedes the blood flow towards the heart (Kupper et al., 2013). Mechanism of Action of Prescriptions The healthcare giver recommended thiazide diuretic and also, an ACE inhibitor to the management of HBP and they are associated with the various mechanism of action. For instance, thiazide diuretic contains hypertension by hindering the reabsorption of sodium and chloride ions in the kidney. On the other hand, ACE inhibitors lower hypertension by minimizing angiotensin. It also gives the blood vessels an opportunity to widen and relax thus easier blood flow is achieved. Conclusion To summarize, ethnicity plays a significant role in the prevalence of African-Americans as mentioned in this paper. Moreover, isolated systolic hypertension puts an individual at risk of developing Ischemic heart failure and it can be contained through thiazide diuretic and ACE inhibitor medications.
HEALTHCARE4 References Cuffee, Y. L., Hargraves, J. L., Rosal, M., Briesacher, B. A., Schoenthaler, A., Person, S., & Allison, J. (2013). Reported racial discrimination, trust in physicians, and medication adherence among inner-city African Americans with hypertension.American journal of public health,103(11), e55-e62. Kupper, N., Pedersen, S. S., Höfer, S., Saner, H., Oldridge, N., & Denollet, J. (2013). Cross- cultural analysis of Type D (distressed) personality in 6222 patients with ischemic heart disease: A study from the International HeartQoL Project.International journal of cardiology,166(2), 327-333. Liu, X., Rodriguez, C. J., & Wang, K. (2015). Prevalence and trends of isolated systolic hypertension among untreated adults in the United States.Journal of the American Society of Hypertension,9(3), 197-205. Nwabuo, C. C., Dy, S. M., Weeks, K., & Young, J. H. (2014). Factors associated with appointment non-adherence among African-Americans with severe, poorly controlled hypertension.PLoS One,9(8), e103090.