Heart Failure And Coronary Artery Disease

Running head: HEART FAILURE AND CAD
HEART FAILURE AND CAD
Name of the Student
Name of the University
Author note

HEART FAILURE AND CAD
1
Answer 1
Laboratory test results showed that Hgb (hemoglobin) and Hct count in J.M is abnormal.
In the USA, anemia was diagnosed if the hemoglobin count is less in 12g/dL in females and
13.5g/dL in males (Yancy et al., 2017). J.M had hgb of 11.5g/dL meaning he is suffering from
anemia or sometimes cancer. Normal Hct (Hematocrit) count in women is 37 to 48% and for a
man, it is 45 to 52%. J.M is having Hct count is 37% , confirms low red blood cells, which might
lead to lymphoma or leukemia.
Answer 2
Questions needed to be asked to J.M and his daughter whether he had gained any weight
in the last few days to assume about fluid retention or decrease in urine output. It needs to be
known that whether any palpitations might lead to dizziness. J.M need to answer if he had been
going chest pain. It is highly recommended to know if J.M is in the habit of smoking, which
exposes him to pulmonary and toxin exposure creating the problem in the lungs leading to a
problem in breathing.
Answer 3
The main problem for his heart failure can be hypertension. Hypertension makes the heart
pump harder in contrast to blood vessel resistance. This hypertension causes hypertrophy in
cardiac muscle that can be seen in the CXR study of J.M. it has been seen that J.M is suffering
from Anemia as he is having low Hct and Hgb count. Anemia decreases the amount of oxygen in
the blood and hence heart has to pump more blood to maintain the balance (Florea & Cohn,
2014). Hence, the demand for oxygen increases causing myocardial ischemia.

HEART FAILURE AND CAD
2
Answer 4
1. HF (L)
2. HF (R)
3. HF (R)
4. HF (L)
5. HF (R)
6. HF (L)
7. HF (R)
8. HF (R)
9. HF (L)
10. HF (L)
Answer 5
Enalapril: It is an angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor preventing
reabsorption of water and sodium by preventing the secretion of aldosterone. This results in
diuresis leading to the lessening for blood returning to the heart and reduction in the volume.
Therefore, the workload for a heart can be decreased easily (Jolicoceur et al., 2015). Furosemide:
A diuretic loop is given for a decrease in the volume of fluid. Carvedilo: A beta-blocker that
condenses or blocks the stimulation of the sympathetic nervous system of the heart and its
cardioprotective activity. Henceforth, the heart rate is reduced. Digoxin: It is an inotropic and
cardiac glycoside drug. It increases the contractility of myocardial, causing enhancement in
better cardiac output and efficiency (Cannon et al., 2017). Potassium chloride: It is an electrolyte
enhancement. It is given to J.M to substitute potassium that are lost during diuretic therapy.