Description of How the Heart Pumps Blood in the Human Body
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Added on  2023/05/28
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This article describes the structure and function of the human heart and how it pumps blood throughout the body. It explains the different chambers, valves, and blood vessels involved in the circulatory system. The article also details the process of how blood flows through the heart and the importance of maintaining a constant flow.
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ADVANCED TECHNICAL WRITING2 Description of How the Heart Pumps Blood in the Human Body Introduction The heart has been place at the central place of the circulatory system of all human beings. Accordingly, the circulatory system is a network of blood vessels which convey blood to each part of the human body. Therefore, the blood carries oxygen as well as other significant elements such as nutrients required by the rest of the human body organs for their healthy stay and proper functioning. When the heart is viewed from outside one will notice that it made of muscles. Therefore, the heart is a muscular organ whose primary job is to pump blood throughout the circulatory system. Indeed, the heart has strong muscular walls to allow for contraction in order to pump blood out of the heart through the arteries (Clayton, & Hose, 2017). The arteries are muscular-walled tubes which form part of the circulatory system through which blood that mainly contain oxygen is transported from the heart to all part of the body. Accordingly, the heart has main blood vessels which are connected to it such as the aorta which is the chief artery of the body, the superior vena cava, the inferior vena cava and the pulmonary artery. The superior vena cava is the primary vein which convey deoxygenated blood coming from different body parts into the heart. Therefore there are two types of vena cava in the human body the superior vena cava which carry blood from the head, and other upper body parts while the inferior vena cava carries blood from the lower body parts. The figure below is in an illustration of the structure of the human heart and its main components. In this sense the arrows pointing away from the heart represents the flow of blood way from the heart to other body parts while arrows pointing towards the heart is the flow of blood from towards the heart from other body parts.
ADVANCED TECHNICAL WRITING3 Figure 1: The structure of the human heart and its main components The inside of the heart comprises four chambered hollow organs. These chambers are divided into two parts the right and left side which are separated by a muscular wall referred to as septum. On the same note, the right and the left side of the heart are further subdivided into two upper chambers referred to as atria and dual lower chambers referred to as ventricles. The atria receives blood from the veins while the ventricles pump blood to the arteries (Karch, 2018). On the same note the atria and ventricles work in collaboration by contracting and relaxing to pump blood away from the heart in a coordinated as well as rhythmic manner. Therefore, the blood leaves each chamber of the heart by passing through a valve. In this essence, the heart consists of four valves that is the mitral valve, tricuspid valve, aortic valve as well as pulmonic valve. The mitral and tricuspid valves lie in between the atria
ADVANCED TECHNICAL WRITING4 and ventricles while the aortic and pulmonic valves are found in between the ventricles and main blood vessels leaving the heart. Consequently, the function of these valves is to prevent the blood from flowing in the back direction. As a result, each valve consists of a set of flaps known as cusps. These valves comprises three cusps each with the exception of the mitral valve which has only two cusps. These cusps are ascribed to and sustained by a rings of fibrous and tough tissues referred to as annulus which aid to maintaining the appropriate form of the valve. Similarly, the cusps located on the tricuspid and mitral vales are supported by additional tough fibrous strings known aschordae tendineae. The above figure demonstrates the location of different valves on the heart. How the blood flow through the heart The heart has two side the right and left side which work together in the following pattern in a repeated manner to enable the continuous flow of blood to the heart, the lungs and all other parts of the body. The right side of the heart The bloods finds its way to the heart via two major veins the inferior and superior vena cava containing blood with deprived oxygen from the right atrium. The atrium diminishes to allow blood flow to the right ventricle through the tricuspid valve. When the ventricles get full the tricuspid vale close preventing the back flow of blood to the right atrium while the ventricles diminishes (Colli,et al., 2015). When the ventricle diminishes the blood moves out of the heart through the pulmonary valve to the pulmonary artery to the lungs for oxygenation. The blood rich in oxygen flow back to the heart via the pulmonary vein. Left side of the heart
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ADVANCED TECHNICAL WRITING5 The pulmonary vein is responsible for emptying blood rich in oxygen from the lungs through the left atrium which diminishes to allow blood to flow to the left ventricles via the mitral valve (Moazamiet al., 2015). Once the ventricle is full of blood the mitral valve closes to prevent the backflow of blood to the atrium while the ventricles contracts allowing the blood to flow out of the heart via the aortic valve to the aorta for transport to different parts of the body. In conclusion, the blood circulation maintains a constant flow through the heart constantly pumping throughout an individual life.
ADVANCED TECHNICAL WRITING6 References Clayton, R. H., & Hose, D. R. (2017). Excitation-Contraction in the Heart. InCardiovascular Biomechanics(pp. 107-126). Springer, Cham. Colli, A., Zucchetta, F., Torregrossa, G., Manzan, E., Bizzotto, E., Besola, L., & Gerosa, G. (2015). Transapical off-pump mitral valve repair with Neochord Implantation (TOP- MINI): step-by-step guide.Annals of cardiothoracic surgery,4(3), 295. Karch, D. (2018).U.S. Patent Application No. 10/080,830. Moazami, N., Dembitsky, W. P., Adamson, R., Steffen, R. J., Soltesz, E. G., Starling, R. C., & Fukamachi, K. (2015). Does pulsatility matter in the era of continuous-flow blood pumps?