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Heritage and Cultural Tourism Management: A Comprehensive Analysis

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This comprehensive analysis delves into the intricacies of heritage and cultural tourism management, exploring its growth, development, and potential conflicts. It examines the impact of different ownership types on heritage site management and analyzes the roles and responsibilities of key organizations in the UK. The report also provides a detailed overview of interpretation methods and media used to enhance the visitor experience at prominent heritage attractions, including the British Museum, National Maritime Museum, Greenwich Park, and The Queen's House.

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UNIT 19 HERITAGE AND CULTURAL
TOURISM MANAGEMENT
1

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Table of Contents
INTRODUCTION.........................................................................................................3
TASK 1-LEAFLETS & ARTICLE................................................................................. 4
1.1 ANALYSE GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENT OF HERITAGE AND CULTURAL
INDUSTRY.............................................................................................................. 4
1.2 THE POTENTIAL CONFLICTS IN CONSERVATION OF HERITAGE AND
CULTURAL RESOURCES WITH CONTEXT TO THE CASE OF VENICE AND
BARCELONA..........................................................................................................7
TASK 2- REFLECTIVE REPORT.............................................................................. 10
2.1 THE PURPOSE OF HERITAGE AND CULTURAL ATTRACTIONS IN
MEETING THE NEEDS OF DIFFERENT CUSTOMERS......................................10
TASK 3- LEAFLETS..................................................................................................14
3.1 IMPACT OF DIFFERENT TYPES OF OWNERSHIP ON THE CULTURAL
SITES AND HERITAGE SITES MANAGEMENT..................................................14
3.2 ROLES AND RESPONSIBILITIES OF ORGANISATIONS IN THE HERITAGE
AND CULTURAL INDUSTRY................................................................................16
TASK 4- MANAGEMENT REPORT SUMMARY.......................................................18
4.1 METHODS AND MEDIA USED FOR INTERPRETATION WITHIN THE
HERITAGE AND CULTURAL INDUSTRY FOR TOURISTS.................................18
CONCLUSION.......................................................................................................... 26
REFERENCES.......................................................................................................... 27
2

INTRODUCTION
There is a high independence in the cultural heritage and the tourism industry in the
UK. With the advent and growth of the tourism industry, the cultural heritage is also
developing which is focused on the preservation of the cultural heritage of the
country so as to attract more tourists, the cultural industries thus add to the GDP of
the countries by becoming a prospective source of the employment opportunities.
This assignment will help to gain insights into the different purposes of the attractions
and the methods of interpretations used in the heritage and culture industry. Different
roles and responsibilities of the organisations with different ownership will be
discussed as well. Thus the prospects and the aspects of the natural and cultural
heritage preservation will be undertaken with reference to the major developments
and growth of the tourism in the world and various organisations that contribute to
the development of heritage and culture industry in the UK.
3

TASK 1-LEAFLETS & ARTICLE
1.1 ANALYSE GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENT OF HERITAGE AND CULTURAL
INDUSTRY
For the economy of the UK, the
heritage and culture play a vital role as
it involves the heritage landscape,
archaeology, conservation and
museums that render the customs,
tradition and the cultures information to
the tourists that have been recorded in
the past decades (Throsby, 2016).
THE GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENT
OF THE CULTURAL AND HERITAGE
INDUSTRY
TRANSPORTATION
This component plays a crucial role in
adding to the growth and development
of this industry as dying to the
development of the infrastructure and
the local transportation facilities the
growth and the cultural tourism have
increased. The road systems up
gradations and international aircraft
have also added to it (Tribe and Xiao,
2011).
HIGHER LEVEL OF EDUCATION
Another component for the growth and
development of the cultural and
heritage industry is the increasing level
of education which leads to the
increased footfall of the students in
different countries for the education
purpose that leads to a growth of this
sector (Gammon and Ramshaw,
2013).
MEDIA
Due to the modern media growth such
as the social media, TV
documentaries, news articles and the
other the awareness about the tourism
and the heritage is better ensured
leading to the growth and development
of the industry (Throsby, 2016).
4

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WORKFORCE
This is the other component in the
cultural and heritage industry which
adds to its growth and development.
As the workforce are valuable assets
to the industry and are involved in the
charities which add to its growth
(Parry, 2013).
TECHNOLOGY
Due to the high use of the
technological advancements, the
tourists are gaining the best
experience that has led to the growth
of the cultural and heritage industry.
Through the technological
advancements, the tourists gain
access to information and different
facilities easily which leads to the
growth and development of this sector
(Parry, 2013).
Heritage is referred to the
conglomerate of the cultural and
natural environment of business that
consists of the cultural practises, bio-
diversity, collections of old times and
other places of historic importance
(Millar, 2016).
Importance of Heritage and culture
Due to the development of the heritage
and cultural industry, the
competitiveness of the travel and
tourism industry reports that in 2017
there was an increase in the
employment opportunities and has
created nearly 1,791,220 jobs in 2017
that ultimately has helped to add to the
GDP of the UK (Travel & Tourism
Competitiveness Index, 2017).
Through the growth of this sector, the
heritage and cultural sites can be
preserved and better accommodation
can be rendered to the visitors.
5

History of heritage
In the 1660 year, the custom became
popular of the Grand Tour that was
traditionally taken by the upper section
of the UK. This tour is described as the
post-Oxbridge trip which was the
cultural legacy of antiquity (Tribe and
Xiao, 2011).
6

TIMELINES SHOWING THE MAJOR EVENTS AND DEVELOPMENTS OF THE
HERITAGE AND CULTURAL INDUSTRY IN TRAVEL AND TOURISM
Source: (Tribe and Xiao, 2011).
7
1500 BC
Pyramids
(Religion/lesiure
and pleasure )
2nd-5th century
Athens (Religion)
Guide tours
(Guidebooks)
Roman
Infantrment VFR
Middle ages
Holy Day (day of
rest- Sunday)
16AD
Pilgrimiages
17-18th AD
Education
The Grand Tour
19th- 21st
century
Museums
theatres

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1.2 THE POTENTIAL CONFLICTS IN CONSERVATION OF HERITAGE AND
CULTURAL RESOURCES WITH CONTEXT TO THE CASE OF VENICE AND
BARCELONA
POTENTIAL CONFLICTS IN VENICE AND BARCELONA IN CONSERVATION OF
HERITAGE AND CULTURAL RESOURCES
For the conservation of the heritage and cultural resources, there is a need to
comply with the legal frameworks and the cost structure so that the resources can be
conserved and the conflicts can be dealt with easily. There are many conflicts that
arise due to the risk and the other factors present in the country (Millar, 2016).
Recently some risk and the conflicts are faced by the two countries namely
Barcelona and Venice in respect to over tourism which is causing the reason for
many conflicts in the conservation of the resources and ensuring the sustainability.
POTENTIAL REASONS FOR
CONFLICTS AT BARCELONA
At Barcelona, the conflict is in regard
to the resident’s population that is
rising with speed and is creating a
hindrance for the occupancy of the
visitors. Due to the serious issue of the
growth of tourism, Barcelona faces the
conflicts for conserving the heritage
and cultural resources of the country
(Timothy, 2017). Another potential
conflict is due to the congestion and
the fumes in Barcelona that creates
safety and health concerns for the
residents of the country and also
creates conflicts among the visitors
and residents. In the way of the growth
of tourism Barcelona also faces a
conflict due to the high costs involved
in tourism (Mowforth and Munt, 2015).
There is also an issue of the housing
and mobility concern that are faced by
the visitors due to over tourism
(Bremner, 2018).
Apart from these, there is fear in the
minds of the local residents of
8

Barcelona that the visitors coming from
different cultures may distort the
residents’ culture and cause a
negative impact on the culture and
heritage of the country (Millar, 2016).
POTENTIAL REASONS FOR
CONFLICTS AT VENICE
At Venice, the cultural and heritage
tourism resources face issues in its
conservation due to the lack of the
initiatives and the involvement of the
government. Due to this reason, the
heritage sites and the different places
in Venice remain underdeveloped
which creates conflicts (Bremner,
2018).
Venice also faces some conflicts
regarding the development of the
heritage and cultural sites due to the
Ariel problems prevailing in the city
(Bremner, 2018). Due to this issue, the
accommodation issues also prevails
which creates falling interest of the
visitors to visit this place. Due to the
overcrowding, the same conflict arises
which creates a hindrance for the
conservation of heritage and cultural
resources. There are many other
factors which distort the picture of the
natural beauty and other attractions in
Venice (Mowforth and Munt, 2015).
STRATEGIES FOR THESE CONFLICTS
Some of the proposed strategies that can be undertaken to overcome these conflicts
at Venice ad Barcelona include the following:
Some of the environmental friendly steps can be taken by the government which
shall lay its focus on the development of the cultural and heritage sites and its
9

maintenance so that the interests of the visitors can be fostered towards Barcelona
and Venice (Millar, 2016).
Policies can be laid out which helps in devising the rights and responsibilities of the
visitors as well as residents so that the conflicts between the local residents and the
visitors can be resolved to ensure the sustainability (Mowforth and Munt, 2015).
Government and local bodies of Barcelona and Venice should be encouraged so
that the resources can be conserved and preserved ensuring the transparency of the
money exchange. This transparency will help in gaining more contribution of the
government towards the conservation of the heritage and cultural resources (Becker,
2016).
The anti-pollution initiatives should be encouraged and to stop the pollution the
penalties should be charged so as to preserve and conserve the resources
(Mowforth and Munt, 2015).
In order to save the overcrowding the number of tourists should be reduced which
will help in reducing the problems and the other conflicts as well.
10

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TASK 2- REFLECTIVE REPORT
On the basis of my field trip to the National Maritime Museum, The British Museum
and The Queen’s House a reflective report will be presented which will portray the
purpose of the heritage and cultural attractions which effectively meets the needs of
the different customers.
2.1 THE PURPOSE OF HERITAGE AND CULTURAL ATTRACTIONS IN
MEETING THE NEEDS OF DIFFERENT CUSTOMERS
The British Museum
During my visit to the British Museum, it was witnessed that the museum has a
range of the library for the researchers that consists of the journals and various
literature that enhances the knowledge and scope of research for the researchers. It
encourages many researchers to visit this museum and renders them wide
information and motivates for their contribution (Mowforth and Munt, 2015). Another
purpose of the British Museum is to fulfil the recreation needs of the tourists by
rendering them proper information and the guides through the literature. Another
purpose of this museum is to extend entertainment and workshops to the children
and family which boosts their education and entertainment needs and develop the
better understanding about the British History. Some of the events were also
organised there which includes the “Exploring Egyptian Mummies” where the
researcher students of the university take part and thus attracts many children and
families as well (Salazar, 2017).
11

The National Maritime Museum
While visiting the National Maritime Museum I gained insights that this is the most
visited museum in the UK that has a collection of varied art pieces and the objects
from the oceans and navy. From my visit to The National Maritime Museum, the
purpose became evident that it focuses on children as they offer free entry to them
so that they can visit the children’s gallery and works on different activities there.
This also renders online maps, tour guides to the education tourists. Thus
information and knowledge about the sea world is injected in the tourists of the
National maritime museum (National Maritime Museum, 2018).
The Greenwich Park
I observed during my visit to The Greenwich Park that there are cafes, sports
activities areas and observatory areas located that helps to meets the different
needs of the tourists visiting here (Salazar, 2017). The recreation needs of the family
tourists and the children are fulfilled here. Many events are also organised here
which have again a purpose of rendering entertainment through the marathons,
competitions for the visitors, awareness weeks and many more (Langley, 2018). The
Greenwich Park is also involved in arranging many nature conservation activities that
aim to encourage the prevention and conservation of the natural resources. It also
facilitates many rides and facilities of the children visiting the parks. Thus the
purpose involves the entertainment and recreation needs of the different visitors
(Millar, 2016).
12

The Queen’s House
On the visit to the Queen's House, it was observed that there is a range of facilities
for the visitors and the family tourist such as the recreational activities and the events
which gather their attention. The fireworks events attract the school children and
families (Fladmark, 2015). There are facilities to take help of the guides in different
languages and gain comfortable experience. I also witnessed that the Queens
House has a purpose for the visitors to enable them to buy books and other
publications which helps them in their education and research works. The purpose
also includes the private functions and the award ceremonies functions
arrangements for the tourists and the local public (Mowforth and Munt, 2015).
13

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Conclusion
Through the different visits to these destinations, the different needs and preferences
of the visitors were gained by me that helped me to understand the motives and
purposes of the different attractions such as entertainment, learning, education,
recreation and education. This helps to fulfil the different needs of the different types
of the visitors such as families, scientists, researchers and others and thus attracts
many visitors from all over the world (Becker, 2016).
14

TASK 3- LEAFLETS
3.1 IMPACT OF DIFFERENT TYPES OF OWNERSHIP ON THE CULTURAL SITES
AND HERITAGE SITES MANAGEMENT
Different types of ownership:
There are different types of ownership in the heritage and cultural industry which
includes the private, public and voluntary as main types. There are differences in all
these three on the basis of the purposes they share and work with and the roles and
responsibilities that these fulfil in conserving the heritage and culture of the country
(Salazar, 2017).
15

Differences in ownership types:
The main point of differences in these ownership types involves the aims of the
organisations that they work with. The major difference is of the purpose like public
ownership share a purpose of rendering the conservation to heritage and cultural
sites and utilise the revenue generated from these sites in its development. On
another hand, the voluntary ownership differentiates itself from the purpose as it
serves with non-profit purpose and maintains these sites (Mowforth and Munt, 2015).
16

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3.2 ROLES AND RESPONSIBILITIES OF ORGANISATIONS IN THE HERITAGE
AND CULTURAL INDUSTRY
Different ownership organisations have different roles and responsibilities which are
as under:
National Trust
The roles and responsibilities of National Trust are as under:
 To manage the historic sites and develop them so that their beauty is
maintained (Fladmark, 2015)
 To maintain the trust of culture by ensuring the culture's morality
17

Natural England
The main roles and responsibilities of Natural England are as under:
 To focus on the conservation of nature reserves and parks
 To extend protection to flora and fauna
 To conserve the nature so as to gain the satisfaction of tourists
 To ensure the safety and security of tourists (Salazar, 2017)
English Heritage
Following are the roles and responsibilities of English Heritage:
 It is responsible to change the management so that the historic building can
be protected
 To provide opportunities by preserving the historic sites
 It generates employment opportunities (Fladmark, 2015)
18

TASK 4- MANAGEMENT REPORT SUMMARY
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
Media plays a vital role in enhancing the aspects of the promotion, information
sharing, education and social interaction in the travel and tourism sector. Media and
the other tools of interpretations are used in the heritage and cultural industry to
render information and clarify the values in the minds of people related to the
importance and the value of conserving the heritage of country (Benur and Bramwell,
2015).
INTRODUCTION
In this report, the different methods and the media used at The National Maritime
Museum, The British Museum, Greenwich Park and The Queen’s House are
discussed that are utilised by the heritage and cultural industry for interpretation for
tourists. The importance of these tools and methods for the tourists will also be
reported under this report.
DISCUSSION
4.1 METHODS AND MEDIA USED FOR INTERPRETATION WITHIN THE
HERITAGE AND CULTURAL INDUSTRY FOR TOURISTS
Interpretation
Interpretation referred to an act of communicating with the visitors using the means
of interpretations and Media that aims to share information to the visitors about the
heritage attractions and places to communicate meaning to them (Ismagilova, et al.
2014).
Importance of interpretation to the visitor experience
Theses interpretation methods and Medias are used at several historic monuments
and museums and parks which communicate important information to the tourists
and serve as an important tool for tourists within heritage and cultural industry (Ham,
2016).
19

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The importance of the interpretations used at British Museum, National Maritime,
Greenwich and Queen’s House for tourists are as under:
 These render different forms of information to the tourists about the heritage
sites and the tourist’s destinations (Mowforth and Munt, 2015).
 These Media and interpretation tools help to serve the tourists and help in
broadening their experiences and satisfaction level by rendering them
effective assistance.
 Another importance of the use of interpretations and media is that it acts as
an educational activity for the tourists that render insights about the tourist’s
places and the history attached with it (Ismagilova, et al. 2014).
Media used for interpretation
At the historic places, monuments, parks and museums there are a variety of the
Medias and the interpretation techniques used which helps to accomplish the
purpose of knowledge and information sharing to the tourists about the places and
the heritage and history attached with these places. The different Medias used for
interpretation falls under the followings which are in combinations used at these
places to boost the experience of the tourists (Salazar, 2017).
Audiovisual media
Through this technique of interpretation, the tourists get accomplished with the
audiovisual media support that too in various languages that help in broadening their
experience level. This also helps to cater the information and understanding about
the culture of the sites and the history through the audio and visual medium which
also adds to the attractiveness of that particular site (Coccossis, 2016).
Guides
Guides are the physical means of interpretation that renders the share of a high level
of information through face to face communication that proves to be an effective tool.
A guide refers to and guides the people. This helps in rendering two-way
communications with the visitors and accompanies them to the site visits (Fladmark,
2015).
20

Workshops
This is another method that is used in the British Museum which makes
arrangements for the students and the families to render education to the tourists by
attending workshops of small durations, the experts share views and information
about the sites and carried several activities and events which enhances the family
learning and the adult learning (Ham, 2016).
Various Workshops at British Museum
Source: British Museum, 2018
Websites
This is another means of interpretation that will render information to the visitors.
This is a website designed for The British Museum which renders all the information
about the times, facilities, directions through maps and many more, this helps in
education the tourists and render better information about the place and its
collections (Ismagilova, et al. 2014).
21

British Museum Website
Source: British Museum, 2018
Trails
Another effective method of interpretation is the use of trails in the heritage and
culture industry. This is commonly used in the parks and nature reserves to render
information about the attractiveness of the sites with the help of the booklets
(Coccossis, 2016).
Greenwich trail map
22

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Performing arts
With the help of the performing arts as an interpretation method, the culture of the
place is depicted to the tourists through the performance means or the recorded
form. This helps in depicting the information in the way of the story or the plays
through which the visitors try to associates themselves and seek better
understanding (Benur and Bramwell, 2015).
Information about the various events and performing arts at British Museum
Source: British Museum, 2018
Social media
It is an interactive and effective tool used for interpretation as it delivers information
in an attractive and interactive manner to the tourists and builds a connection with
them over the long run.
The Facebook page of British Museum
Source: British Museum, 2018
23

Light and sound show
This is an animated technique that is utilised in assistance with the audio-visual
media so that the attention of the tourists can be gained at the place to render them
information about the sites they are going to visits later. This information injected
through the means of videos will help them to understand the places and sites later
without explanation and will ease their exploration process.
Light and sound show at Queen’s House
Source: Royal Museums Greenwich, 2018
Signage
These are those means of interpretations that are used to extend information to the
tourists about the sites of the historic and cultural importance. These are those tool
which renders information to the tourists regarding the sites and places with the
assistance of the brochures and maps. This is effective only when the tourist have
pre-occupied information related to the sites (Canavan, 2016).
Signage used at various attractions
24

Source: Langley, 2018
Maps, brochures and books
These are the methods of interpretations used at the British Museum which are old
and originally used by the majority of attractions and sites of heritage. This serves
the purpose to render concise and elaborative information to the tourists in the form
of brochures. The books are used to gain in-depth information and knowledge about
a place and its history which serves as an important source of information and also
revenue earnings for the local people. The maps on other hand render directions and
access to all places and sites which visitors can plan to visit in accordance with their
interest levels (Ham, 2016).
Leaflet at British Museum
Source: British Museum, 2018
CONCLUSION
Thus various techniques of interpretation are employed by various heritage sites and
places that help to render information about the places to tourists and attract them
25

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(Canavan, 2016).
26

CONCLUSION
From the above assignment, it can be connoted that the heritage and culture
industry of the tourism sector is gaining much popularity due to the different
organisations working for its betterment. There are different types of ownership in
this industry which have different roles and responsibilities to play for the
development and growth of the historic sites. Some of the key growth and
developments in this sector has also been analysed. At last the interpretation
methods used by the British Museum, National Maritime and Greenwich Park have
been discussed that caters to the needs of the tourists.
27

REFERENCES
Becker, E., 2016. Overbooked: The exploding business of travel and tourism. Simon
and Schuster.
Benur, A.M. and Bramwell, B., 2015. Tourism product development and product
diversification in destinations. Tourism Management, 50, pp.213-224.
Bremner, C. 2018. Barcelona and Spain and Their Battle With Over-Tourism [Online
available at https://blog.euromonitor.com/2018/02/barcelona-overtourism.html] [Last
accessed on 18-07-2018]
Canavan, B., 2016. Tourism culture: Nexus, characteristics, context and
sustainability. Tourism Management, 53, pp.229-243.
Coccossis, H., 2016. Sustainable development and tourism: Opportunities and
threats to cultural heritage from tourism. Cultural tourism and sustainable local
development (pp. 65-74). Routledge.
Fladmark, J.M., 2015. Heritage and museums: Shaping national identity. Routledge.
Gammon, S. and Ramshaw, G. eds., 2013. Heritage, sport and tourism: Sporting
pasts–tourist futures. Routledge.
Ham, S., 2016. Interpretation: Making a difference on purpose. Fulcrum Publishing.
Ismagilova, G.N., Safiullin, L.N. and Bagautdinova, N.G., 2014. Tourism
development in region based on historical heritage. Life Science Journal, 11(6s),
pp.363-367.
Langley, R.W., 2018. Greenwich Park, UK. Online available at
(https://www.pinterest.com/warwiz/around-greenwich-uk/) last accessed August
2018.
Millar, S., 2016. 11 Heritage. Managing Tourism, p.115.
Mowforth, M. and Munt, I., 2015. Tourism and sustainability: Development,
globalization and new tourism in the third world. Routledge.
National Maritime Museum, 2018. [online available at
https://www.rmg.co.uk/national-maritime-museum] [last accessed on June 2018]
28

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Parry, R. ed., 2013. Museums in a digital age. Routledge.
Salazar, N.B., 2017. Heritage and tourism, local and global, sustainability and
resilience: Thinking about disaster beyond binaries (Keynote speech).
Throsby, D., 2016. Tourism, heritage and cultural sustainability: three ‘golden rules’.
In Cultural tourism and sustainable local development (pp. 31-48). Routledge.
Timothy, D.J. ed., 2017. Managing heritage and cultural tourism resources: Critical
Essays, Volume One. Routledge.
Travel & Tourism Competitiveness Index, 2017. World Economic Forum [online
available at http://reports.weforum.org/travel-and-tourism-competitiveness-report-
2017/country-profiles/#economy=GBR] [Last accessed on 3-07-2018]
Tribe, J. and Xiao, H., 2011. Developments in tourism social science. Annals of
Tourism Research, 38(1), pp.7-26.
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