Review of Cultural Heritage Management Papers

The assignment requires a review of existing research papers related to cultural heritage management, tourism development, and sustainable practices. It involves analyzing articles from journals such as Tourism Management, Journal of Sustainable Tourism, and International Journal of Heritage Studies, as well as online resources like the Royal Academy of Arts and The British Museum. The document aims to provide an overview of the current state of research in this field and identify key themes and findings.

Heritage and Cultural Tourism
Management

TABLE OF CONTENTS
INTRODUCTION ..........................................................................................................................1
TASK 1 ..........................................................................................................................................1
1.1 Analysing the growth and development of heritage and cultural sector .........................1
1.2 Potential conflicts in the conservation of heritage and cultural resources ....................1
TASK 2............................................................................................................................................3
2.1 Purpose of heritage and cultural attractions to fulfil needs and wants of different
customers ...............................................................................................................................3
TASK 3............................................................................................................................................5
3.1 The impact of different ownership on management ........................................................5
3.2 Responsibilities and Roles of organisation in heritage and cultural industry .................5
TASK 4............................................................................................................................................5
4.1 Methods and media used for interpretation within heritage and cultural industry...........5
CONCLUSION ............................................................................................................................7
REFERENCES .............................................................................................................................8

INTRODUCTION
Heritage and cultural industry is growing now a days. This culture reflects the system,
values and norms of people who are living in that particular country. It is divided into two parts
i.e. built environs and natural environment. There are different kind of customers are visit at
these places. the reason of being visit at these places is different from person to person. As
visitors are visiting they want to see something new whenever they visit sites. So government
and communities need to develop these sites. There are different kind of tourist are there. Every
country is having their own cultural, norms, belief. So tourist enjoy these places and explore
different traditions. Heritage and cultural management plays a vital role in travel and tourism
sector (Ashworth and Page, 2011). Many companies are offering package related with heritage
and culture. The reason behind this is that many visitors are attracted towards this place. To
protect these heritage places is important so that the resources can be saved for future generation
also. In this report, the growth and development of cultural and heritage industry has been
discussed. When development is taking places many conflicts can comes into picture these
conflicts has been describe in this report. Purpose of cultural and heritage to attract visitors has
been given in this assignment. Methods and media which are used to give information to tourist
is discuss in this report.
TASK 1
1.1 Analysing the growth and development of heritage and cultural sector
Covered in poster
1.2 Potential conflicts in the conservation of heritage and cultural resources
Conflicts in conversation of heritage and cultural resources
Date - 3rd August 2017
For developing visitor places in the travel and tourism sector of UK, many conflicts can arise.
This conflict can take place between country’s citizens and government. Culture is highly
impulsive in nature. It is having different meaning for distinct individuals. In context to China,
they are facing a lot of difficulties in order to satisfy its customer’s needs. Tourism is having
both positive and negative outcomes on the society. If more visitors come to visit the sites then
government can earn more revenues and by the same, they would further develop the sites.
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There are issues placed by the government related to Tibet. This issue is related to the
development and advancement of cultural tourism. (Chen and Chen, 2010).
There are different strategies which has been formulated so that solution can be made in
an effective manner. While finding different problems it is important to take into consideration
two factors that are income generating factors by which government can development and
income can be arises and another one is negative factor by which society can get badly affected
by these new changes. If these sites are developing in proper many the revenues can be
generated and more customers can get attracted to this place. If these two factors work in
proper coordination, the problem can be solved in an effective manner. If any changes are
taking place, the stake holders should know about that the same. Stakeholders refer to
customers, employees, suppliers, media, government and others.
The conflicts which are taking place is regarding to developing Lhasa. In Lhasa there is
paradise resort which is identify by IHG. Government is introducing many new projects in
China by which they can bring development in the country. With the same, people residing in
Tibet were not agree and started campaign named Free Tibet. This campaign has been made
regarding the park and Bharakhor town. The citizen of country is doing boycott from
government decision (Choi and et. al, 2010). These people are taking initiative against the
government. Government tries to provide good accommodation facility for visitors to stay. But
this may have negative influence on cultural and heritage value of the nation. This creates
conflicts between government and citizens of Tibet as they think if development will take place,
it would destroy the nature of Tibet. They are more worried about old heritage and government
thinks if they increase accommodation, the number of visitors would also get raised. These two
different point of views is creating problems and conflicts. If more visitors start visiting China,
language, heritage and culture of Tibet are going to be vanished. This is the reason; people are
against of these situations.
Tibet people are not at all happy about this government decision. They do not want any
other culture to enter in their region. On the other hand, government is trying to introduce new
projects. This project can affect the beauty and nature of Tibet. So, for this, solution should be
taken place so that government can do their work and Tibet citizen also get happy about those
projects. The conflicts which are taking place in between cultural and heritage conservation are
as follows:
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 Presentation of sites: In this particular issue, country is not able to attract the
customers. Because of certain reasons. As there is less media is available visitors are
not getting proper information about particular place.
 Threats against the proper growth: For developing the areas, government is not using
updated technologies and resources. Because of this, damage can take place. As
damage is occurring the number of visitors are also decreases.
 Technologies: This is another issue for which government needs to use new
technology by which there will less chances for nature and society to get affected. By
this, cultural and heritage management can be developed in a positive manner (Cuccia
and Rizzo, 2011). For the same, employees need to be trained properly so that
employees would be able to treat customers in a proper manner.
 Lands are not using in proper manner: The government is not managing land in a
proper way. Because of this visitors are visiting less. So for that proper maintenance
should be done for lands so that customers needs and wants can be fulfil in proper
manner.
Instead of doing boycott, effective strategies should be adopted so that both the parties
would get satisfied as well as development can take place without destroying the nature of
Tibet. With the help of same, number of visitors would get increased. The revenues of
government can also be increased by this and funds can be incurred on further protection and
development of these places. More facilities can be given to visitors so that they would get new
experience of travel and tourism.
TASK 2
2.1 Purpose of heritage and cultural attractions to fulfil needs and wants of different customers
Many people visit place because of historical, cultural and heritage of those attractive
sites. By visiting these places customers are fulfilling their needs in different ways. Cultural are
different from every customer point of view for some of them cultural refers to tics and others. In
this report the two attractions are taken into consideration where one is British museum and
another is Victoria and Albert museum. There are many visitors those who visit these sites
(Devesa, Laguna and Palacios, 2010). These places cover different arts, cultures, sites and music.
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Development of these sites can take place in terms of economic, social and political sector.
These places are very famous and people visit there for different reasons.
British museum was invented in 1753 that was the first public museum in world. This
place is having around ten departments and many galleries which are continuously expanding.
Visitors visit there for different purposes. They offer venue services for the purpose of meetings
and for file makers, they are providing the best architecture. This museum is having contract
with other institutes so that they can provide training sessions over there. By this, students can
get assistance and knowledge about different cultures and traditions.
Victoria and Albert museum is the world largest gallery. In this, they are having number
of beautiful arts and designs. This museum was found in the year 1852 and they are having
around 4.5 million objectives inside. This site is sponsored by cultural, media and different
sports department (Frey and George, 2010). It is having galleries of around 145. People are
visiting this place so that they can get knowledge about culture and heritage of nation. By which
people can address many academic projects. There are many visitors like businessmen who visit
these sites for different purposes. Following are the different purposes:
 Education: People are visiting these two places to get knowledge and get information
about culture and heritage. This information can be used for academic and personal
reasons. These are the great sources to learn about culture, heritage and particular
country. Albert museum conducts different educational programs so that students
would get knowledge about the history. In this program, different dramas and stories
take place so that students would get interest in the same (Hayllar, Griffin and
Edwards, 2010).
 Research: Many people visit this place to do research like scientists come to museum
to discover new things. There is a large collection of Egyptian antiques in the UK
museum. The people those who have interest in science and technology can visit
these places. Scientists do various experiments so that they can innovate and bring
something new.
 Recreation: Now a days, people are having very less time because of their busy
schedule. So, individuals are trying to enjoy their recreation time within a short
duration. There is money making machines for those who do not have time to visit
those places because of their busy time.
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 Entertainment: There are family and friends who visit these places for entertainment.
So that they can spend few hours with their friends and family in Museum. Families
are visiting these places so that they can give some knowledge to their kids.
So, it is important for the government to protect these places in a proper manner. It can be
used for present as well as for the future purpose. This place helps to attract many number of
customers (Jimura, 2011). There are many foreign students who come and visit these sites so that
they can get the knowledge. So, government should take regular measures to develop these
places.
Following are types of visitors who visit cultural and heritage sites in the UK:
There are different kinds of visitors those who have different reasons to visit the nation: Students: In the present scenario, large number of students visit museum. They visit
these places to enhance their knowledge and skills or they come for tour purpose from
their schools or colleges. Scientist: This is another type of visitor who visit these places so that they can invent
something new. They create some new ideas by visiting the cultural and heritage sites of
nation.
 Families: Families visit these places so that they can give some knowledge about culture
and heritage to their kids as well as to spend their leisure time. They go for
entertainment also that they can spend some time with their families. There are many
galleries, arts to explore in the museum.
TASK 3
3.1 The impact of different ownership on management
Covered in leaflet
3.2 Responsibilities and Roles of organisation in heritage and cultural industry
Covered in leaflet
TASK 4
4.1 Methods and media used for interpretation within heritage and cultural industry
Visitors visit different destinations for collecting new and innovative information
regarding particular place in an appropriate manner. When interpretation concluded with
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management, it helps in enhancing awareness and improve visitor's experience level. For
attracting high number of customers or visitors towards heritage and cultural sites, several kinds
of methods and techniques can be used in interpretation like media is one among all methods
(Yang, Lin and Han, 2010). Apart from this, the major requirements of interpretation at different
levels in context of cultural and heritage industry are as follows:
 Before arrival: At this stage, visitors and customers get attracted towards company and
their heritage services from their posters, videos, pictures, websites and many more.
Sometimes, companies use blog post at several platforms such as a particular country's
websites, social media and their own site. For enhancing awareness of heritage and
cultural tourism across all over the world, the several methods and techniques can be
used by company.
 At the arrival time: While arriving at several destinations, company's posters are
circulated among visitors. With the help of this, awareness of an particular company in
external market place is enhanced.
 enhance awareness of particular enterprise in external market place.
 After visit: After visiting several places or destinations, companies sell their gift items,
images, toys and other things to visitors. So, visitors will make an effective image in their
mind towards company (Zhang and et. al, 2011). These services and facilities assist to
attract high number of customers and enhance chances of earning higher profit. With the
help of same, visitors can take various memories along with them related to particular
place or destination.
Apart from this, the major motive and objective behind interpretation is to provide
experience to visitors in an effective manner. Through this, visitors and tourists can identify and
determine the actual importance of heritage and cultural places in their entire life. Moreover,
media is an interactive and important technique.(Timothy, 2017). With the help of this, visitors
can get proper information and know about new offers and packages of company. Along with
that, visitors will know about several effective destinations across the world. As per their interest
and requirements, they choose and visit the place. Along with this, media assists to enhance the
awareness of heritage and several destinations in the whole world. It is because; before visiting
any destination, most of the visitors want to know and collect important information related to
particular company so that they can select destinations for visit (Wang and Bramwell, 2012).
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Moreover, several methods and media assist to enhance the awareness of various heritage and
cultural places across the world. At this time, most of the people gather new information
regarding various destinations. With the help of this, visitors can enhance their knowledge level
towards this sector.
CONCLUSION
As per the discussion, it can be concluded that heritage and culture is an important part of
travel and tourism. There are different kinds of sites which need to be maintained properly so
that more customers would get attracted. For this, there are different kinds of enterprises that
take after these issues. While, for developing these sites, there are many issues faced by the
government. In this case, solution needs to be made in such a way that both the parties would be
satisfied and happy. Apart from that, it has been assessed that people visit the place for different
reasons where some visit to do research and others visit for getting education and knowledge.
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REFERENCES
Books and journals
Ashworth, G. and Page, S. J., 2011. Urban tourism research: Recent progress and current
paradoxes. Tourism Management. 32(1). pp.1-15.
Barbieri, C. and Mahoney, E., 2010. Cultural tourism behaviour and preferences among the live‐
performing arts audience: an application of the univorous–omnivorous
framework. International Journal of Tourism Research. 12(5). pp.481-496.
Chen, C. F. and Chen, F. S., 2010. Experience quality, perceived value, satisfaction and
behavioral intentions for heritage tourists. Tourism management. 31(1). pp.29-35.
Chen, C. F. and Chen, P. C., 2010. Resident attitudes toward heritage tourism
development. Tourism Geographies. 12(4). pp.525-545.
Choi, A. S., and et. al., 2010. Economic valuation of cultural heritage sites: A choice modeling
approach. Tourism Management. 31(2). pp.213-220.
Cuccia, T. and Rizzo, I., 2011. Tourism seasonality in cultural destinations: Empirical evidence
from Sicily. Tourism Management. 32(3). pp.589-595.
Devesa, M., Laguna, M. and Palacios, A., 2010. The role of motivation in visitor satisfaction:
Empirical evidence in rural tourism. Tourism management. 31(4). pp.547-552.
Frey, N. and George, R., 2010. Responsible tourism management: The missing link between
business owners' attitudes and behaviour in the Cape Town tourism industry. Tourism
management. 31(5). pp.621-628.
Hayllar, B., Griffin, T. and Edwards, D., 2010. City Spaces-Tourist Places. Routledge.
Hjalager, A. M., 2010. A review of innovation research in tourism. Tourism management. 31(1).
pp.1-12.
Jimura, T., 2011. The impact of world heritage site designation on local communities–A case
study of Ogimachi, Shirakawa-mura, Japan. Tourism Management. 32(2). pp.288-296.
Keitumetse, S. O., 2011. Sustainable development and cultural heritage management in
Botswana: Towards sustainable communities. Sustainable development. 19(1). pp.49-59.
Logan, W., 2012. Cultural diversity, cultural heritage and human rights: towards heritage
management as human rights-based cultural practice. International journal of heritage
studies. 18(3). pp.231-244.
Loulanski, T. and Loulanski, V., 2011. The sustainable integration of cultural heritage and
tourism: a meta-study. Journal of Sustainable Tourism. 19(7). pp.837-862.
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Nicholas, L. and Thapa, B., 2010. Visitor perspectives on sustainable tourism development in the
pitons management area world heritage site, St. Lucia. Environment, Development and
Sustainability. 12(5). pp.839-857.
Poria, Y., Reichel, A. and Cohen, R., 2013. Tourists perceptions of World Heritage Site and its
designation. Tourism Management. 35. pp.272-274
Richards, G., 2011. Tourism development trajectories: From culture to creativity? Tourism &
Management Studies. (6). pp.9-15.
Timothy, D. J. ed., 2017. Managing heritage and cultural tourism resources: Critical essays,
Volume one. Routledge.
Wang, Y. and Bramwell, B., 2012. Heritage protection and tourism development priorities in
Hangzhou, China: A political economy and governance perspective. Tourism
Management. 33(4). pp.988-998.
Yang, C. H., Lin, H. L. and Han, C. C., 2010. Analysis of international tourist arrivals in China:
The role of World Heritage Sites. Tourism management. 31(6). pp.827-837.
Online
Royal Arts of Academy. 2016. [Online]. Available through:
<https://www.royalacademy.org.uk/>. [Accessed on 2nd August 2017].
The British Museum. 2017. [Online]. Available through: <http://www.britishmuseum.org/>.
[Accessed on 2nd August 2017].
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