Analyzing the Impact of Government-Magazines and Reports on Cultural Heritage

The assignment content highlights the importance of cultural heritage in terms of visitors and ranking, which is a point of attraction for users. After visiting cultural and heritage places, visitors are entertained through various methods such as printed materials, audio systems, dramas, and plays, providing information about the place's history and significance. Additionally, guides are appointed to connect with people, explaining about the place in an effective manner. The study also analyzed that UK's culture and heritage has evolved in many dimensions, including visitors' attractions, transport, infrastructure development, telecommunications, and more.

Heritage

TABLE OF CONTENTS
INTRODUCTION...........................................................................................................................1
TASK 1............................................................................................................................................1
1.1 Growth and development of heritage and culture in travel and tourism sector................1
1.2 Potential conflicts in the conservation of heritage and culture resources........................2
TASK 2............................................................................................................................................4
2.1 Purpose of cultural and heritage attractions.....................................................................4
TASK 3............................................................................................................................................6
3.1 Impact of different types of ownership............................................................................6
3.2 Roles, responsibilities and ownership of the organisation in the heritage and culture
industry...................................................................................................................................7
TASK 4............................................................................................................................................8
4.1 Methods and media used for the interpretation................................................................8
CONCLUSION..............................................................................................................................10
REFERENCES..............................................................................................................................11

INTRODUCTION
Travel and tourism is one of the largest service industries that are booming in the world
in terms of market share and foreign exchange earnings. With the immense amount of potential
and opportunities, it possesses high degree of growth potential. It is affecting many sectors of
the country directly or indirectly with its presence in wide areas in the form of educational,
medical, business, cultural-heritage and sports tourism. Among the mentioned, cultural and
heritage management in tourism is growing with the escalating rate. Culture and heritage refers
to inheritance of landscapes, flora and fauna, architecture, history along with intangible assets
such as traditional skills, cultures, languages of any country. These assets are maintained and
preserved for various purposes such as for earnings and establishing prominent position in the
market.
Present report is prepared to elucidate different components of heritage and culture
management in travel and tourism sector with reference to the country UK. Report throws light
on growth and development of sector, roles and responsibilities of different types of organisation
working for the purpose and changing ways of interpretation used at the sites.
TASK 1
1.1 Growth and development of heritage and culture in travel and tourism sector
Heritage is referred as something which is inherited from past and is maintained and
preserved for the future generation (Fletcher, 2013). It includes natural heritage such as country's
geology, landforms, wildlife; historical heritage such as ancient artefacts, paintings, coins;
cultural heritage in the form of intangible assets such as traditions, customs, practices, artistic
talents and values and others such food heritage and others. UK has been the treasure trove of
heritage and culture due to its magnificent history in the form of royal palaces, historic
monuments, cathedral spires, stunning architecture, 200 year old engineering marvel along with
the well preserved sheer scale and sophistication. Heritage of UK have been evolved in the
significant extent by undergoing various stages of development in different dimensions (Adams
and Mulligan, 2012).
Attractions: UK is the home of slew of attractive destination that captures attention of number of
visitors from around the world such as magnificent castles represents its architectural glory.
Along with historical building and monuments, there are spectacular landscapes, coastlines,
national parks, forests adventure, enchanting greenery and other many sites of natural beauty.
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With the evolution, attraction sites are not confined to the prehistoric existences, now places such
as themed places, sport related heritage is representing the history and development of games in
the region which attracts number of people around the globe.
Transport and travel: One of the major factor in widening domain of cultural and heritage
tourism is the advancement of transport and travel (Booyens, 2010). At the pre-industrial
revolution period, tourism was confined to the informal tours and trips that were done to move to
sacred places which took long time in the journey that is about 2-3 Months but at present, ways
to access places of attractions have been changed due to faster and easier transportation. Miles
are covered in short time. It has enabled people from different corners of the world to explore
offerings of the county as various facilities are provided by tour operators and modes of
transports in making the journey comfortable.
Involvement of organisations: Each country caters to maximize its earning by identifying
different means and methods. It is through optimum utilization of resources available in the
country. In that regard, country's culture and heritage are witnessed as a source of phenomenal
growth and development. Realising the fact, Government is making significant efforts to exploit
its potential and showcase its offerings to the world. Along with the legislative body, there are
many other organisation which function to preserve these assets for future generations such as
private companies, charitable trust and non profit organisations (Cloonan, 2013). They adopt
various methods to shape and sustain cultural identity of the country preserving its legacy,
language, culture, dance, food and other assets.
Infrastructural development: Degree of advancement in infrastructure is the key determinant of
the success and development of the travel and tourism sector as a whole. Improvement in
technology has led the service providers to enhance efficiency and productivity of the sector in
the very considerable manner. Such as use of high tech communication has increased the
coordination and connectivity among people. People seek information related to places and sites
by telephonic conversations or utilizing virtual platforms like websites and other means. Further,
with the aim to increase productivity of the sector, employees working are trained and developed
to bring adaptability with the changing scenario (Flew, 2011).
1.2 Potential conflicts in the conservation of heritage and culture resources
Development of any industry is influenced by the number of factors. Among them, some
act as the catalyst to boost up the growth whereas few inhibit the development of place in a
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specific sector. Culture and heritage management is an integrated functioning which is processed
with the involvement of several entities that are associated with it such as organisations bringing
change and development, geographical region which is undergoing the process of transition,
inhabitants living in that region who directly or indirectly are linked with it. Case study is
presented with reference to the capital of Tibet autonomous region, Lhasa and potential conflicts
linked to it which hinders the progress of the region in the area of travel and tourism.
Lhasa, preserving the flavours of traditional Tibetan life is far away from the Chinese led
modernisation. The place possesses spectacular sites of scenic beauty, fascinating boulevards,
fabulous monasteries and unique intangible culture. This place accounts the number one place in
terms of most visited cities in the country. The major attractions of the lace are Barkhor, Jokhang
temple and Potala place. Along with the significant amount of visitor's attractions, the place is
viewed as the region of ethnic conflict (Ghimire and Pimbert, 2013). Further, Chinese security
and sovereignty is threatening the potential growth and development. To deal with such root
causes of the disturbances occurring in the region are dealt by the government and other
legislative authorities in the lucrative manner.
Steps taken by government such as renovation of famous Jokhang temple and other areas
has increased the number of visitors to the place. Various hotel and resort groups are interested
in establishing their property to help the visitors explore the place and entertain them. One such
group is Intercontinental Hotels which is plan to open a resort at the region. Moreover,
initiative's taken by government in the form of regional planning, liberalized licensing
regulations, decentralisation of cultural supply has led increased working of entities associated
with travel and tourism sector. One major conflict is associated with the development is
boycotting of these efforts by the London based free Tibet. According to this group the
considerable amount of increment in the number of visitors leads to the damage of unique and
valuable heritage site. This is leading towards commercialisation of authenticity and
assimilation. In that regard it is recommended that are there should be balance between
expansion of cultural-heritage tourism and their protection (Åkerlund and Müller, 2012).
There are many other conflicts associated with the above mentioned issue that is related
to the boycott of development. Key concerns are impact of visitors on the place, manner in which
heritage and culture is presented to the outsiders, role of technologies, affect of people living at
the host region. Visitor has the significant impact on the culture of place such as traditional
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rituals, dances, songs and arts and crafts get moulded into the tourists' version challenging the
originality. Each place has number of stories to tell, hence interpretation and manner of
showcasing the country also affects the image of place in the world (Buckley, 2012). As the
tragedy event occurred at Lhasa has threatened the patrons to visit the place considering as
unstable. Advancement in the technology is the effectual means to connect people existing
different corners of the world. Further the another conflict associated is impact of cultural and
heritage management on the local people living at that place. Despite the establishment of hotel
and resort groups, economic situation of people living at the region does not change. Employees
working at these organisations are outsourced from the host countries of group leaving
unchanged condition of unemployment and income generation.
TASK 2
2.1 Purpose of cultural and heritage attractions
Signifying the legacy and historical assets of the country, cultural and heritage attractions
are preserved by government and other different organisation for many reasons. These places
fulfil the need of people in different dimensions (Cuccia and Rizzo, 2011). These are the centre
of evidences of history, people, art and architecture, religion and other tangible and intangible
assets of the nation. They satiate the needs of people in different dimensions such as it fulfils the
educational and learning purposes, provides immense opportunity for research and study, used
for recreational and entertainment purposes. Further along with this it preserves the places for the
future generations to enable themselves to explore the legacy and resources available. Two such
organisations are:
British Museum: It is the museum established on 1753 located at Bloomsbury area of London. It
is the non departmental government body consists of more than 8 million collection of the
specimens from around the world belonging to different continents. These collections are
dedicated to the human history, art and culture of the different geographical regions. It
documents the evolution of the human culture significance its inception to the present time
depicting the various stages and advancements (Figini and Vici, 2012). Collections include
manuscripts, paintings, scriptures and relics along with drawings and paintings found at different
regions ancient Egypt, Rome, Asia, Africa, Oceania, each segmented into different departments.
National History Museum: Related to the different area of working, National History Museum
located at London is the museum which is the home of wide stream of specimens belonging to
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the natural history. It is the centre of earth sciences and life science having the collections related
to zoology, botany, entomology, mineralogy and palaeontology. It also contains the specimens
collected by Charles Darwin. It has been considered as the prominent place for research and
study for the people interested and belonging to the field of life and earth sciences. Along with
specimens it also has the display of dinosaur skeleton and contains books, journals, manuscripts
useful for research and study (Fletcher, 2013).
Educational and learning purposes: At present tourist sites are not confined to the purpose of
leisure activities. Culture and heritage sites endowed with the number of rare and precious
collections are of immense use t enhance the knowledge and information in the particular fields.
People visits the places such as British Museum and National History Museum for the
acquisition of facts and information abut the evolution of human and natural history. Through
various methods' information are provided to the visitors. Such as National History Museum runs
a program known as How Science works to expand the critical thinking level of students about
the working process of various scientific activities (Moore and Whelan, 2012).
Entertainment and recreational purposes: These places are utilized for the entertainment of the
visitors in the very lucrative manner. Such places use different ways to entertain people such as
through organising dramas and plays depicting the stories of places and belonging facts about it.
Along with this being associated with different tour operators and groups various attracting
programmes are conducted by the Museum which play dual role such as to increase the pleasure
by entertaining them along with the enhancement of knowledge.
Research and study: Fundamentally these places are meant for the purpose of utilizing for the
research and study. These places attract the visitors who are having keen interest in making the
study to uncover the hidden facts and information and let them know to the world in the most
authentic manner. There is the availability vast range of equipments, collections and specimens
which as used in the effectual and stipulated manner to proceed further for the research and
reveals the facts hidden in the history (Pratt, 2010). These facts and information are further
utilized by the scientists and scholars for the up-gradation of process that can be utilized for the
future developments. Separate departments works at British Museum and National History
Museum in the specific area.
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TASK 3
3.1 Impact of different types of ownership
UK is enriched with the soaring architecture, scintillating beauty of natural resources,
great cathedrals and many more. In order to preserve them or the future generations, there are
many organisation working for the purpose in different ways. These organisations due to
different in mission, vision, and approaches differs in their working styles and execution of
working (Moulin, 2000). Fundamentally here are three types of ownerships who are engaged in
the process of conservation of cultural and heritage industry that are Government owned, private
organisation and voluntary or charitable trusts.
Government Owned bodies
Government functions to control the working and stabilize the situation of country in
different sectors. One of the prime responsibility endowed to the government is the proper
utilization and exploitation of resources of the country. Hence, in that regard government adopt
various methods to preserve and conserve the cultural and heritage resources of the country for
the present and future generation. Many sustainable ways are adopted by the government itself in
the form of regulations laid down for the citizens and business entities working. They state that
all entities living in the country are bound to preserve the nations assets and are entitled to
punishment if laws are broken. Along with the government there are some organisation which
functions under the control of government and its supervision and functions to fulfil the
objectives and aims prescribed by the government. Two of them are Science Museum London
and Heritage Lottery Fund (Pratt, 2010). Science Museum London is the organisation working
sole for the renovation of the monuments. Under this organisation there are around 200
monuments for which the mentioned organisation is entitled to maintain and preserve them.
Science Museum execute the functioning through the set of activities such as making frequent
checking and analysis of the situation of the monuments, making arrangements for the
renovation and implementation of the process. These monuments are maintained to preserve
them for the future generation so that it can be utilized for various purposes such as education,
research and recreational purposes. Another organisation such as Heritage Lottery Fund is
working to arrange the finance and revenue for all the working done by the organisations.
Associated with many people and organising many programmes it creates the accessibility to the
money required for the preservation and conservation of culture and heritage resources.
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Private Organisation
There are many privately owned organisation who support the government and other
organisation to attract large number of people towards the country to generate tourism in the
wide section (Salazar, 2012). These organisation functions which the purpose to expand the
domain of their working and generate large amount of revenue along with fulfilment of the
purpose. These organisations include the tour operators and the travel agents who through
lucrative offers and are many services enhances the tourism in the particular geographical
regions. It further escalates the foreign exchange earnings and revenue generation. Two of such
organisations are Trail-finders and British Tours. British Tours is the tour operator company
which offers their travellers vast range of services to explore places (Sharpley and Stone, 2014).
Along with the conventional requirements it also offers the ancillary services such as financial
services, entertainment facilities and many more which indirectly helps in the enhancement of
cultural and heritage tourism. Further, Trail-finders is also the private organisation working in
the specific area of working with the aim to boost the growth and development of the industry
along wit the profit generation.
Voluntary organisation
Organisation which are working for the fulfilment of the specific cause of purpose
without any objective of revenue or profit generation are referred as the voluntary organisation.
There is the key role of such organisation in the boosting of the development of the industry.
These organisation functions in different directions such as generating finances for the
improvement of the sites, bringing awareness among the people about the preservation and
conservation of the nations assets for further generations and also helping government in their
initiatives. Two of such organisations are VisitBritain and NADFAS. They conduct many
programs and seminars that with various measures are the general people about the importance
of such heritages and harm from their damage (Sims, 2010).
3.2 Roles, responsibilities and ownership of the organisation in the heritage and culture industry
With aim to achieve different targets and motives, organisation possess different roles
and responsibilities. Two organisations are selected to elucidate the roles and responsibilities of
the different organisation that are Department for culture, media and sport(DCMS) and Natural
England
Department for culture, media and sport(DCMS)
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The department is responsible for the enhancement of efficiency and productivity of
different sectors running in the country such as cultural development, addressing different
aspects of media such as broadcasting and internet, bringing innovation and skills in business
activities and upliftment of sports section of the country by creating various opportunities for the
players and improve the infrastructure for them.
 It works to encourage participation in the sports activities in the country and provide
good platform to the athletes with the arrangement of better facilities and opportunities. It
caters to improve infrastructure available at the country (Timothy, 2011).
 Through bringing improvement in the media and its working, department aims to
enhance the connectivity in UK. It makes efforts to provide world's leading accessibility
for the online communications and mobile services. It promotes the innovation and creative solutions in the business and trade. Further, it
protects the industries from the unfair practices among the rivals to initiate healthy
competition. It helps the country to protect the resources from exploitation in the wrong
manner (Wyrwich, 2012).
Natural England
It is the non departmental government body of UK which is responsible for the protection
of country's natural resources and environment such as flora, fauna, wildlife and marine
environments. It also caters to make efforts so that people enjoy the access to the natural
environment in the safe and effectual manner.
 Its working focus on the conservation and enhancement of the landscape and their
spectacular beauty.
 It improves the accessibility of the tourists and visitors to the places such as marine
coastline, wildlife and other in the planned and safe way.
 Preserving the terrestrial and marine biodiversity of the country.
TASK 4
4.1 Methods and media used for the interpretation
With the advancement in the technology, ways to reach the customers and present the
offerings have been changed to the very significant extent. Many ways are used by the
organisations associated with the company in order to communicate about the heritage sites and
entertain people. Improvement in the telecommunication has led the organisation to connect with
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their customers in the more lucrative manner (yu, 2010). They have wide number of options in
the media to delegate the information such as print media, broadcasting and internet. At different
places and through varied manner they are used. Interpretation is the process of communicating
with the customers before and after their reach to the destination.
Before their reach
Government and other organisation utilizing resourceful platforms connect with the
visitors before heir reach to the cultural and heritage sites. Such as they have official websites
which display the information about the place and offerings. Tour operators post the services
offered by them I the form of attractive packages which captures the attention of travellers and
enable them to understand the place in better way (Zhao, 2011). A new way is adopted by tour
operators and the official websites of the destination itself that is they provide facility of virtual
tour with the help of satellite technology with which user can have the experience of touring the
place through internet itself. Apart from that print media is utilized to reach people that are
official monthly and yearly magazines released by government. These magazines and other
reports present the position and status of cultural heritage in terms of visitors and ranking which
is a point of attraction for users.
After their visit
After their visit, visitors are entertained through various methods. At their entry they are
provided templates and handouts which provides them the overview of the place with which they
are going to get acquainted. These printed materials have the explanation about the place and
guidances to proceed further. A centralized audio system is used at the museums mentioned such
as British Museum and National History Museum to interact with the visitors. Controlled at the
central position, equipments attached at few distances guides the visitors about the place along
wit explaining the significance and importances. Further, to entertain them dramas and plays are
organised at such places which along with being the recreational measure for the visitors
provides the information and past history of the place (Department for Culture, Media & Sport
(DCMS), 2016). Along with these electronic and printed methods, guides are appointed at the
cultural and heritage places. In order to connected with people in the lucrative manner, guides
are appointed knowing the widely used languages such as English, Spanish, German and French.
These guides communicate with the visitors in the effective manner and explain about the place
in the effectual manner.
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CONCLUSION
One of the fastest growing service industry in the world travel and tourism sector is
widening its domain of working in the different segments such as used for different purposes.
Cultural and heritage management in the travel and tourism sector refers to the preservation of
nations assets such as its historical monuments, wildlife, natural resources, intangible assets such
as traditions, culture and customs. It is processed by many organisations such as Government
owned bodies, private organisations and charitable trusts and companies. From the above study it
has been articulated that UK's culture and heritage has been evolved in many dimensions such as
visitors' attractions, transport, infrastructural development, telecommunications and many more.
Further, it is analysed that Attractions such as British Museums and National History Museums
are playing vital role in preservation such as for research and study, entertainment and others.
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REFERENCES
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Pratt, A.C., 2010. Creative cities: Tensions within and between social, cultural
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Salazar, N. B., 2012. Community-based cultural tourism: Issues, threats and opportunities.
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Sharpley, R. and Stone, P., 2014. Contemporary tourist experiences: Concepts and consequences
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Sims, R., 2010. Putting place on the menu: The negotiation of locality in UK food tourism, from
production to consumption. Journal of rural Studies. 26(2). pp.105-115.
Timothy, D., 2011. Cultural Heritage and Tourism. Channel View Publications.
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Online
Department for Culture, Media & Sport (DCMS). 2016. [Online]. Available
through:<https://www.gov.uk/government/organisations/department-for-culture-media-
sport/about>. [Accessed on 29th February 2016].
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