High blood pressure and heart rate

Running Head: Nursing
Nursing
Name of the student
Name of the University
Authors Note

Nursing2
Case study 2
Response 1
Key diagnostic features of this patient
 Seizures
 Loss of consciousness
 Nausea
 Fever
 High blood pressure and heart rate
 Stiffness in neck
 Blurred vision
 Abnormal size pupil size
Questions to identify the condition of the patient;
 Have you felt a headache within the past three months?
 If yes, when and how often have you felt it?
 Please rate your pain regarding headache on a 0-10 scale. (where 0 is the pain-free
state and 10 is the worst pain)
 What are the complications are associated with headache and seizures?
 Did you go for a regular check-up of blood pressure and heart rate in the last three
months?
Response 2
Three primary disease condition of the patient are
 Generalized tonic-clonic seizures
Signs and symptoms: severe headache with seizure and loss of consciousness.
The patient is suffering from this condition as he lost is sense in between the match
and he also had severe headache with visual disturbances. Neck pain and neck
stiffness with sympathetic activation is associated with this condition (Joo et
al.,2017).
 Arterial-venous malformation

Nursing3
The patient had severe headache, weakness and temporary loss of vision similar to the
symptoms of arterial-venous malformation.
 Cerebro-vascular accident
Loss of balance and coordination, blurred vision and numbness are some prominent
symptoms of cerebro-vascular accident (Ramakrishna, Kumar & Ramakrishna, 2019).
Due to this condition the patient lost his consciousness and felt tremendous neck pain
with stiffness.
Response 3
From the above discussion, it can be intervened that the patient collapsed due to
generalized tonic-clonic seizures and transient ischemic attack or cerebrovascular accident.
Generalized tonic-clonic seizures is caused by focal lesion and Imbalance in
electrical activity. The focal lesions might be occurred due to de-oxygenation and imbalance
in electrolytes in the brain cells. Visual disturbances and headache are generalized tonic-
clonic seizures (appendix, table 1). The symptoms such as nausea, memory loss, fever, and
neck pain with neck stiffness are prominent in generalized tonic-clonic seizures (Halford et
al., 2017). As per the above discussed evidence, patient is suffering from the generalized
tonic-clonic seizures.
Patient might have suffered from Transient Ischemic Attack. Lack of oxygen supply to
the brain and atherosclerosis flux are caused by TIA. For TIA, dizziness and loss of
consciousness with shortness of breath and high respiratory rate can be observed in the
patient(appendix, table 1). TIA can occur in brain due to the high blood pressure in the
vascular system of brain. Abnormal pupil size, nausea, confusion, seizures and loss of vision
are present in the patient of TIA. All the symptoms present in the patient (Amarenco et al.,
2016).

Nursing4
Cerebrovascular accident is caused by arterial-venous malformation- Malformed
blood vessels in the brain and haemorrhagic stroke (rupturing of the blood vessels because
of stress induced and high blood pressure). Cerebrovascular accident results loss of
balance, seizures and changes in vision (appendix, table 1). Moreover, the disorder causes
rupturing of the blood vessels due to stress induced and high blood pressure. Muscle
weakness and numbness, memory deficit and visual disturbances are the symptoms of
cerebrovascular accident (Ramakrishna, Kumar, & Ramakrishna, 2019). The patient is
suffered from Cerebrovascular accident as many symptoms are present in him.
Response 4
The patient has generalised tonic-clonic seizures with neurological involvement of
Central Nervous System and arterio-venous malformation. The sympathetic activation
involves cerebrovascular accident with increasing heart rate and tachycardia. The lesions in
brain rupture and increase blood pressure in the artery. (Dlouhy et al., 2017). The condition
will lead to aterial-venous abnormalities with tachycardia. He also has the condition of
tachypnoea and hyperthermia. He also has transient amnesia that is why he lost his senses.
Neurological involvement with neck stiffness and pain which lead to blurred vision (Demarest
et al., 2019).
Response 5
To investigate the condition of the patient with seizures some investigatory tests should
be involved;
 Functional MRI (Magnetic Resonance Imaging)
 Computerised Topography Scan
 Neurological examinations
 Positron emission examinations
 Lumbar puncture
 Single-photon emission computerized tomography (SPECT)
 electroencephalogram (EEG)