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HIS122 European history Assignment

   

Added on  2021-04-05

3 Pages1021 Words81 Views
HIS122 EUROPEAN HISTORYThe Industrial Revolution and the economic and social situation in Europe.The Industrial Revolution, a period of major changes in agriculture, technology and transportation, lasted from about 1750 to 1914 and radically changed the economic and socialsituation in Europe. In this essay, I'll speak about how it came about and what those changes meant in terms of eventual European prosperity.The revolution came about gradually as a result of several factors. One of the causes was increased agricultural production, particularly in England and other parts of Western Europe, as farms consolidated with other farms to increase in size and practice crop rotation. This led to more food sustenance for larger populations, which in turn produced more consumer demand. A middle class was to emerge through these developments, which would also fuel the industrial revolution, since those who were wealthier within the middle class were eager to invest in inventors and entrepreneurs who wanted to change technology toward mass production.Certain inventions for turning manual labor into machine work and producing energy for machines were key in making the revolution happen. The steam engine, originally invented by Thomas Newcomen and later perfected by James Watt, is often considered the most important. Steam power began to replace water power for mills which produced food and other materials, notably cotton. Steam engines also changed the way transportation took place. Boats and railroads used steam to operate and these means of transportation increased the possibility to trade and transport raw materials and goods, which in turn increased the demand for production. As factories were built to satisfy these demands, and people could migrate more easilydue to transportation, (especially the railroad), urbanization took place as a result. In Great Britain, for example, important industrial cities, like Liverpool and Manchester emerged.
HIS122 European history Assignment_1

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