Historical Development of Leadership and Management

Running head: LEADERSHIP AND MANAGEMENT
LEADERSHIP AND MANAGEMENT
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Introduction:
Historical Development of Leadership and Management:
Leadership refers to the skills of managing a team effectively and marinating between the
organizational goals and the requirements of the employees simultaneously. The concept of
leadership can be interpreted as a personality trait of an individual, however, according to one
sect of the leaders, the aspect or the features of leadership can be developed as well, if the skills
of communication, practicality, goal management and managing the team can be developed.
In this light, the discussion of management is very important. Managers are responsible
for the process of management of the goals of the organization and to communicate between and
among the teams. The managers are responsible for the entire process of managing, planning,
organizing and leading and controlling the organizational conducts.
These two terms had been conceived during the same time. Along with the age of
globalization, the private organizations or the modern organization came into being, which
needed to be managed, along with some leaders who can make the huge base of employees,
mobile and effective. Since 20th century the practice of leadership and management was
rigorously into use, and since then, the practice of leadership and management has become
common and an eminent part of the organizations (Hallinger et al. 2015). The leadership and
management concept and process are more specifically explained by the following theories.
Trait Theory:
The trait theory of leadership states that a person holds certain leadership characteristics
or traits and it is these traits of the individuals that determine the traits of leader. According to
the trait theorist, it is not possible for everyone to become a leader, and therefore, it is the traits

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that are present among them which determine their ability to become a leader. According to the
theorists, these leadership traits include, Achievement Drive, Leadership Motivation, Honesty
and Integrity, Knowledge of the Business, Emotional Maturity, Cognitive Ability, Self-
confidence and Charismatic attitude (Kumar. 2013). Therefore, an individual having these traits
are likely to become a leader than the others lacking these characteristics.
Great Man theory:
The Great man theory states that some people were born to become a leader, thus
determining the fact that leaders are born and not created. According to the great man theorists,
people who are leaders are not like other people, and they have an aura or charisma around
themselves which determine this position (Kumar. 2013). The theory has included the examples
of sportsmen and world leaders and political personalities and stated that all the leaders in these
fields, have a certain charisma and set of traits, which are not possessed by anyone, and it is
these traits or characteristic aptitudes that help them to become a leader.
Behavioral Theory:
The behavioral theory focuses on the behavioral aspects and the actions and reactions of
the leaders and the followers, and states that it is the actions and the behaviors of the leaders that
help them to gain the same position. The basic assumption of the theoretical understanding is
that, leaders can be made as well, and are not simply born, and it is the behavioral
understandings of them which determine their position (Kumar. 2013).
Contingency Theory:
The Contingency theory of leadership has a different approach stating that the
effectiveness of a leaders is determined by his or her approaches and opinion, during a particular