Understanding HIV Disease: Causes, Symptoms, and Prevention Strategies

This essay provides a literature review on the impact of HIV on human health and the key factors that influence this health disorder. Learn about the causes, symptoms, and prevention strategies of HIV disease. Find out how HIV is transmitted and the stages of the disease.

HIV Disease

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HIV Disease
HIV is defined as human immunodeficiency virus that alters the human immune
system. It is a part of health disease that attacks on the human immune cells which is
called CD-4 cells and AIDS are the very common syndrome that may occur due to the
HIV virus. It is identified that HIV is a retrovirus which can affect the vital organs and
cells of the individual body system (Archin, et al., 2012). The main aim of this research
essay is to describe the concept of the HIV virus and their impacts on human health. The
rate of HIV is increasing very quickly and it depends upon the numbers of
environmental factors, for example, the age of the person, the ability of their body and
immune system. This essay is evaluating the key elements that influence the problem of
HIV virus and strategies or policies to avoid this kind of health disorder in Australia. For
better understanding a literature review will be conducted in this essay and data will be
collected from various resources such as journal articles, research papers, and online
websites. It is researched that there are main three processes by which HIV is
transmitted in the body such as sexual transmission, perinatal transmission, blood
transmission (Baeten, et al., 2012).
The HIV is a subgroup of retrovirus which causes the HIV infection and due to
HIV the problem of AIDS also occurs. AIDS is a situation in which progressive failure of
the immune system allows life-threatening infection. In some cases, the HIV virus is a
transmitted disease which occurs by sharing blood, semen, and veginal fluids. It is
investigated that the rate of HIV has increased by 20% in the year 2011 and it can affect
the cells in the immune system, for example, helper T cells, dendritic cells and CD-4 cells
(Baral, et al., 2012). The immune system also helps the body fight off infection and it is
transmitted by the bodily fluids which involve blood, semen, breast milk and rectal
fluids.
This type of health disorder does not spread in the air and any casual
communication but it can affect the lungs and other parts of the body. Today this is a
very serious problem in Australia because most the individuals contact with other
without using any protection and treatment by which the problem of AIDS has been
increased. If any person who has HIV problem does not take proper treatment then he
can die due to the AIDS and other health issues. In the year 2014 around 2 million

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people worldwide were diagnosed due to the HIV and AIDS in which the percentage of
women is very large rather than men (Beyrer, et al., 2012) During the condition of HIV
the immune system is too weak and the patient can face other health related disease
and infections. It is detected that almost 1.1 million Australian people are currently
living with the HIV and AIDS in which most the people are adults aged between 18 and
40 years. The AIDS is one of the advanced stages which are occurred due to the HIV
infection and the problem of cancer is associated with the HIV and AIDS. For the
prevention of this problem, a new technique has developed that is antiretroviral drugs
and it is analysed that if any person has AIDS that means their immune system is
severely compromised. It is estimated that between 2014 and 2015 the rate of HIV and
AIDS has raised by 10% in Australia and almost 1.1 million people have suffered this
health issue (Boyer, et al., 2017).
There are many scientists they detected a kind of chimpanzee in Africa as the
source of HIV in human and they observed that the chimpanzee version of the SIV was
transmitted to the individual. Latest researched indicates that the problem of HIV can
be moved from apes to human as far back as the late 1900s and this type of virus spread
in Africa and Australia very quickly. According to the world health organization if any
person has this health disease and does not adopt any treatment then they will progress
by main three stages, for example, acute HIV contagion, clinical latency, and AIDS. There
are numbers of writers that provided their opinion on the topic of HIV and they
identified that most of the individuals do not take follow any kind of treatment
regarding HIV infection that directly impacts on the human immune system
(Choopanya, et al., 2013).
The first stage of this disease is acute HIV infection in which individual may
experience a flu-like illness and a large amount of HIV viruses are entered in their blood.
But the person with the actuate infection can often unaware that they are infected and if
any person has been exposed to this disease by sex then can take complete treatment.
According to the recent report produced by the WHO on HIV/AIDS around 33 million
persons are living with the HIV and AIDS in which most the people are adults aged
between 18 and 25 years. Almost 2 million people die every year because they did not
follow proper treatment and in the year 2006 690000 patients received the ART
process for the first time (Deeks, et al., 2012).

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In the middle countries, it is identified that 2 million people were received
proper treatment at the end of 2007 and the rate of HIV is growing due to lack of health
promotion, complete treatment and lack of exercise or physical activities. The Deeks, et
al., (2013) produced a literature review on the topic of HIV infection and the relevant
data or information is collected with the help of primary and secondary research design.
The article of HIV progression model has been published in the year 2009 at that time
the most of people in Australia are facing the issue of HIV and AIDS. Almost 3940
journal articles found in which only 90 papers met the inclusion criteria and most of the
writers described the cause and symptoms of this health disorder.
Freiberg, et al., (2013) indicates the various types of approaches and models that
can identify the impact of HIV on the human body and key factors that enhance the
percentage of HIV worldwide. The recent health issue in HIV involves around 7 peer-
reviewed papers to gather the relevant information about the research topic. It is
estimated that in the year 2020 around 212 million people will be diagnosed due to the
HIV and AIDS and according to the latest investigation around 13 million children have
lost one or both parent due to lack of proper treatment (Haynes, et al., 2012). As per the
discussion of NHS around 22 million adults and school children were suffered from the
HIV in Africa in the year 2007 and at that time almost 1 million people died from the
HIV virus. The numbers of countries in the world adopted the primary health care
services and the main aim of this health care is to avoid the problem of HIV and AIDS.
Heffron, et al., (2012) shows that the care of old people is not much priority in
several countries and most of the medical schools and colleges does not provide courses
and training for the prevention of HIV and another health disease. For example, the
national qualification framework in Australia removed the gerontological nursing
courses and there are very fewer healthcare organizations in Australia and other
countries by which people cannot receive proper treatment of their disease. The recent
evidence indicates that the problem of HIV is improving in the older population and the
rate of HIV in older people is very high as compared to the adults. But the percentage of
AIDS is very high in the adults aged between 18 and 35 years rather than the older
population. Moreover, most of the writers provided their views on the HIV disease and
they analysed that in last few years the problem of HIV has occurred in the college
students and older people whose aged above 50 years and it is not a type of health

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disorder that spread by air or casual contact. It is a very crucial problem in any country
and the scientist developed an ART therapy that can reduce this type of health problem
by 90% and most of the doctors use this process in their hospitals.
Rodriguez, et al., (2013) provided a report on HIV infection and also investigated
that the issue of HIV occur because people eat unhealthy foods and beverage and they
do not follow any health program by which most of the people are living with AIDS and
HIV. Recent data indicates that between 1990 and 2000 total annual attrition from all
resources increased almost five times from the 355 to over 2001. The average rate of
HIV in Australia was 2.4% and still, the main cause of HIV and AIDS are not determined
and it is varying between 40 and 50%. The national health services developed many
healthcare strategies policies for the prevention of the HIV and they also analysed the
key elements that influence this type of health issue. The prevalence of HIV disease is
growing very fast because individuals on the ART therapy are living longer and this
method can reduce the other infections from 3 million people in the year 2004 (Samji, et
al., 2013).
Generally, the death related t the AIDS disease has peaked at 2 million in 2004
and reduced this rate by 20% in the year 2012 that means it is a very advanced process
to detect the HIV virus and maintain the immune system of any patient. According to the
recent survey it is estimated that 9 million persons in low-income countries and middle-
income countries has already developed health care services and ART therapy in the
year 2012. Tanser, Bärnighausen, Grapsa, Zaidi, & Newell, (2013) conducted a literature
and interview to collect the relevant information about HIV in the year 2009, 2010 and
2011. Around 110 new injectors in which 24 are women and 76 are men whose age was
25 years.
In the year 2012, the world health organization developed various strategies and
policies to protect the human body system by HIV and AIDS and also provided an
annual report for a better understanding of consumers. A recent paper concluded that
the HIV prevalence among ladies that infected by HIV is very high as compared to the
men. It is very complex to determine the main reason for this increment because this
rate depends upon the nature of human, their body system and other environmental
factors. Total 38 HIV-1 transmissions were identified with 4 events in the early therapy

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team and 35 events in the delayed therapy team. There are few tests performed during
the treatment of the HIV and the healthcare organization identify which test is best
suitable for the patient. The antibody is a very common test which is used by many
hospitals and health programmes and many authors investigated on this test process
and it has the ability to identify the amount of HIV virus in a patient.
In which the blood of the patient is checked by the antigens and it is a kind of
protein that reduces the HIV infection. OraQuick HIV and home access HIV both tests
are also very common test which can be used for the prevalence of HIV and AIDS
disease (World Health Organization- II, 2016). If any person suspects they have been
exposed the test of HIV infection but the got the negative result then they can repeat
this process in the interval of three months. If they got a positive response from these
test then they can confirm with their doctor or health care providers. NAT is another
test which is generally used for the screening and this test is used for the person that
has signs and symptoms of HIV and another risk factor. This test takes around 5 to 20
days to reduce the percentage of HIV virus from the blood of the human body and this
test is commonly accompanied through an antibody process.
Tebas, et al., (2014) identified the few symptoms of the HIV and ADIS for
example, fever, skin rash, sore throat, headache, chills and upset stomach. All these
signs are very similar to the flu due to which most people do not adopt any treatment
and they can face the issue of blood cancer. The issue of HIV is associated in the public
sector and the ILO and WHO produced a report in 2002 and they projected that HIV has
a very important threat for the employees and public labour. This health disease also
changes the gender and age distribution of the workforce and this type of issue raised in
the females, children rather than male and older populations. It also affects the people
that are working in an organization and the rate of women HIV is very large in Australia
as compared to the male.
According to the NHS, the transmission of HIV and AIDS occur by human body
fluids of the infected patient that involves semen, rectal secretions, breast milk and
blood. The agent and host play a significant role in the field of HIV infection because
they provide a platform to evaluate the problem of HIV. The government of Australia
developed many health programmes and agencies to avoid the problem of HIV and most

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of the countries adopted modern techniques and process to identify the cause of this
health issue. Transmission of HIV first outcomes in an intense contamination, trailed by
an evidently asymptomatic period that midpoints ten years. Without antiretroviral
treatment, most patients advance into a summed up safe brokenness that comes full
circle in death.
The length of the asymptomatic period changes, and in uncommon cases tainted
people never advancement to AIDS. Different people whose conduct attributes put them
at high-danger of HIV transmission, shockingly seem safe and never capitulate to
disease. This one of kind cases features the way that vulnerability to HIV contamination
furthermore, the movement to illness are unpredictable attributes balanced by
ecological and hereditary components. On-going proof has demonstrated that normal
varieties in host qualities can impact the result of HIV contamination and its
transmission. Thigpen et al., (2012) additionally recommend that rearranging the
framework is fundamental to progress. What's more, normal and secure supplies of
medications to the offices, great adherence with treatment by patients and consistency
with a follow-up to bring down the opportunity to create obstruction are needed.
Additionally, Thompson, et al., (2012) found that treating extensive quantities of
patients at low adherence is far less successful than treating fewer numbers with high
adherence. Additionally, non-adherence was observed to be related to ineffectual quick
scale-up and poor recommending practices.
The WHO produced numbers of health policies for the HIV infection for example,
capitalizing on latest progress made in access to the treatment process, decreasing the
overall cost of second-line regimens, ensure the time access to care, increasing
collaboration between TB and HIV, and END HIV strategy (Van Damme, et al., 2012).
The task shifting is another health strategy that can scale up the problem for HIV or
AIDS and it has the ability to increase the specialization of health workers. There are
many environmental factors that can influence the HIV disease, for example, tobacco,
alcohol, the age of human, behaviour and nature of an individual, organizational system
and other physical factors. The AIDS is defined as a pathologic syndrome which occurs
due to the HIV infection and for the prevention of AIDS the scientific knowledge is
needed. The public health sectors play a key role in the protection of body system by
HIV but for the local programmatic level, a large number of efforts are required.

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The ART process is a very best step for the prevalence of HIV and AIDS and it is
identified by the WHO around 5.6% people safe their health by using this therapy. In the
year 2012, the incidence of HIV was 0.5% that reduced the overall caused of HIV and
decreases the virus from the patient body. Women aged between 35 and 39 years are
undiagnosed but ladies aged above 20 years were diagnosed with HIV and AIDS. There
are main three countries where HIV disease is growing very fast such as Africa, United
State and Australia. During 2013 the WHO and other health care system has been
included in the survey on HIV and they provided their views on this topic with relevant
information. These surveys analysed that the problem of HIV has been reduced in the
adults from 6.2% to 7% and data from this research provide the complete information
about HIV health disorder (World Health Organization 2016).
HIV is a very serious problem worldwide and most of the people in Australia are
living with the HIV and AIDS disease. This essay is completely based on the HIV
infection and described health policies to reduce the rate of HIV in Australia. The world
health organization developed many healthcare systems and strategies for the
prevalence of HIV which are described in this essay. With the help of this essay, people
can expand their knowledge and they can easily find the cause of HIV. If any person
takes complete treatment and should follow proper exercise plan then he can reduce
HIV and another health disease by 90%. It is estimated that the HIV virus can impact on
the immune system and it also increase the issue of AIDS. To analysis, the role of agents
and environmental factors researcher conducted a literature review and data is
collected from the journal articles. Therefore, people ensure that they eat only healthy
foods and take complete treatment if they have any sign to a symptom of HIV.

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