HNB3209 - Report on Nursing and The Community
Added on 2020-03-02
12 Pages3009 Words98 Views
Professional DevelopmentMaterials Science and EngineeringDisease and DisordersHealthcare and Research
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Running head: NURSING ASSIGNMENTSelf-management of client with dementiaName of the StudentName of the UniversityAuthor’s note
1NURSING ASSIGNMENTTable of ContentsIntroduction......................................................................................................................................2Pathophysiology..............................................................................................................................2Health maintenance and promotion.................................................................................................3Cultural safety..................................................................................................................................5Empowerment..................................................................................................................................5Impact on carers...............................................................................................................................6Conclusion.......................................................................................................................................7References........................................................................................................................................9
2NURSING ASSIGNMENTIntroduction Dementia is a neurodegenerative disorder that affects the brain. The symptoms are thememory loss, difficulties in thinking, problem-solving. This affects the person coordinationmovements and the abilities in everyday activities. Dementia is not a specific disease it isprogressive. Dementia is the affect of many other neurological disorders like Alzheimer's,vascular dementia, Lewy body disease, Parkinson’s disease (Chen et al, 2016). This reporthighlights on the self-management strategies perceived by the nursing staff to support theirclients with dementia. People with dementia face problems in managing the condition in dailylife. Thus the self-management will support the nurses to make effective interventions forcontrolling the conditions of dementia in the clientPathophysiology Dementia is the symptom of other different structural diseases as well as several systemdegenerations. Alzheimer’s disease is the real cause behind the pathophysiological conditions ofdementia. There is degeneration of the cortical and subcortical cholinergic neurons and the largepyramidal cells present in the cerebral cortex. This results in the clinical symptoms due todeterioration of the functions of the cortex .The pathophysiological cause of dementia includesthe structural lesions in the brain. Sometimes dementia may be caused by the nutritional andmetabolic disorders. Neuropathologically the amyloid plaques, pinched off cholinergic nerveendings, lesions in the outer layers of cortical lobes contributes to the outcome. Thepathophysiological substrates are the neurofibrillary tangles (Barker et al, 2014). The tanglesconsist of tau protein which actually functions in the maintaining the structure of nerve cell. Theattachment of phosphorus is required in the modification of tau protein. However, in dementia,
3NURSING ASSIGNMENTthere is excessive phosphorylation and it results in loss of function of the protein. The oxidativestress or damage in the cellular structures by the free radicals also lead to dementia caused byAlzheimer’s disease. The brain inflammation in old people is another pathophysiological reasonbehind dementia (Fong et al, 2014). The abnormal genes that encode for amyloid protein and thecholesterol bearing protein cause the pathophysiological conditions of dementia. There isprimary dementia caused by the irreversible changes of other neurological disorders andsecondary dementia caused by chronic meningitis, acquired immunodeficiency syndrome.Looking into the pathophysiological condition of the patient with dementia, the self-managementstrategies are to be developed that will help the nurses to tackle the problems of the everydaylife. The psychosocial interventions are to be served by nurses by teaching the patient with self-management of the conditions (Ballard et al, 2013). Health maintenance and promotion The patients with dementia face daily cognitive problems like coordination impairment due toloss of memory and perception. Activities of daily life are affected with dementia. Thedifficulties that arise are due to difficulties in executive functioning like wash hair, dressing,clothing. There are problems related to poor decision making, attention. All of these health issuesmake everyday life challenging for the clients affected with dementia (Aguirre et al, 2014). Thusself-management strategies adopted by nurses for health maintenance are extremely required. Inthe health maintenance, nurses should teach some of the principles in self-managing skills totackle the everyday problems. The adaptive aids can be given to the patient that will define thewide range of memory aids to bathing equipment and that will aim to minimize the impact ofphysical, cognitive and sensory problems (Khanassov, Vedel, &Pluye, 2014). The low-leveltechnologies like computers and telecommunications can be used by the client to remember their
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