Hospitality and Tourism Industry Analysis

This assignment provides an in-depth analysis of the hospitality sector, highlighting its integration with the tourism industry. It explores the implications of this integration, including increased competition, reduced costs, and improved quality of services. The report discusses various sectors within the hospitality industry, such as accommodations, food and beverage, and recreation, and examines how they contribute to the overall experience of travelers. It also touches on the role of technology in shaping the hospitality industry and its potential for innovation.

Hospitality provision in
Travel and Tourism

Table of Contents
INTRODUCTION...........................................................................................................................1
TASK 1............................................................................................................................................1
1.1 Discuss the interrelationships between hospitality and wider travel and tourism businesses
.....................................................................................................................................................1
REFERENCES................................................................................................................................3
TASK 2............................................................................................................................................5
2.1 analyse the implications of integration to the hospitality industry........................................5
2.2 discuss how integration has affected a hospitality business..................................................6
REFERENCES................................................................................................................................8
TASK 3..........................................................................................................................................10
3.1 Develop a rationale for a selected project clearly justifying decisions linked to target
market........................................................................................................................................10
3.2 Develop a plan for a hospitality business which includes operational requirements,
organisational structure in relation to human resource allocation.............................................11
CONCLUSION..............................................................................................................................14
REFERENCES..............................................................................................................................15

INTRODUCTION
Hospitality industry is expanded to wide area. It includes variety of products and services
like accommodation, restaurants, food and beverage, etc. also, tourism and hospitality go in hand
to hand. In recent time the integration of travel and tourism sector with hospitality has created
several platforms for business to enter in industry (Sheehan, Grant and Garavan, 2018). In new
world of technology people are more aware about different tourist destinations, adventurous
places, etc. moreover, many countries are promoting tourism as it is highly contributing in GDP.
This report will discuss interrelation between hospitality and wider tourism sector. Also, it will
throw light on the implications of integration to hospitality industry and how it has affected on its
growth and development. Moreover, at last a small business plan is developed and what
requirements and resources are needed in it is explained. For present report organization selected
is PKF hotel experts. It is consulting firm operating in hospitality sector
TASK 1
1.1 Discuss the interrelationships between hospitality and wider travel and tourism businesses
Tourism is an activity in which people likes to travel to their favorite destination. they
want to enjoy some leisure time with family or friends. Hospitality industry is interrelated to
travel and tourism (Stone, Migacz and Wolf, 2018). This is because they supply different types
of services to tourism sector. Thus, it can be stated that hospitality industry is dependent on
tourism. Tourism can be further divided into sub categories in which services of hospitality
industry is included. For example, a family goes for tour. So, they require services like
accommodation, food, etc. these are provided by hospitality. They can only avail those services
by traveling. Thus, it reflects independency of both industries on each other. on the other hand,
traveling will in included in tourism sector. If services are not available to people then they will
not be able to travel. Therefore, it can be understood that tourism is incomplete without services
like hotel and restaurant. The scope and sizer of hospitality sector has been expanded to wide
area. It has led to add more features in services to attract people. It has forced them to spend
money which is worthy. People are able to search and data and information and chose from it. it
has al
Hospitality sector is expanded in to wide area. There are variety of services available for
people to use. This ranges from selecting hotel to eating food (Litvin, Goldsmith and Pan,
2018). Today people are aware about these all services. Thus, they are having option to select the
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best one according to their needs. Apart from this, the services are also interrelated to each other.
For example – if a person visit hotel then in it many types of service will be available such as
food, pubs, etc. It is entirely dependent on tourism sector for its growth and development. There
is high level of interrelationship between hospitality and tourism sector. for instance- TUI
provides services such as Package holidays, Business travel, Conferences and events, etc.
On the other hand, travel services consist of conferences, events, passport service,
transport, etc. the interrelationship of TUI can be described as below:-
Package holidays – this has become the most popular in today’s time. now many companies are
providing package holidays. In this there are many services available such as hotels, travel, etc.
thus, it gives an option for people to choose. They can opt for a particular service only for certain
time period as well. It has given them flexibility to fulfil their needs. Alongside this, TUI has
done partnership with hotels (Tung, Tang and King, 2018). Due to this their growth has
increased. It has enabled in providing all services at one place.
Business travel- it has also emerged as new concept in which services are provided to business
people. Due to globalization business travel has connected different destination. it has made it
easy for people to avail services according to their choice (Sectors of hospitality sector. 2018).
Generally, business people like to visit hotel that is having Wi fi, health food, pub, etc. the
interrelationship of hospitality and tourism sector by TUI has attracted international companies
to set up branches in other countries. furthermore, many travel companies and hotels have done
collaboration with MNC and hotels. It has provided TUI a platform to expand their operations.
Conferences and events – it is also a major thing that has the result of interrelationship of both
industries. It has created a platform for business as well as other agencies to organize events.
Now, conferences are held at national and international level. it has attracted large number of
people to participate in it. here, companies offer complete package of event. TUI organize it and
provide various services (Mohseni and et.al., 2018). Exhibitions offers customers to choose
appropriate one by comparing prices. They are able to view products and services before buying
them.
Theme parks – they are been developed in different location for enjoyment. TUI offers different
services types like amusement, water parks, resorts, etc. this has provided a new way of spending
leisure time. people are able to spend quality time and avail services at one place. In addition it
has attracted people to visit parks.
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Aviation – there has been a major change in aviation industry with interrelation. Now, airlines
are connecting multiple destination where people mostly prefer to visit. even it has included
small countries such as Maldives, Malta, Macau, etc. it has given access to people to travel to
their favorite or desired destination. moreover, hotels and restaurants are also opened at such
places. This has led to attract more people as they get all basic hospitality services. Airlines has
started to differentiate services on basis of high, low and medium (Mansour and Ariffin, 2017)
On contrary the quality of services has been improved as well.
There are many activities and services which are common between them. this has allowed
people to access those services easily. Due to emerging of new companies and concept within
sub sector of hospitality, it has led to flexibility and accessibility of services. There is high boom
in growth of tourism. Now people are availing services at low cost. It has also enhanced their
quality of life. Moreover, variety of services are developed and its quality has improved. in
addition, goods and service can be analyzed before buying it (Tontini and et.al., 2017).
globalization has also created vast number of opportunities for business engaged in this sector.
They are able to interrelate with each other. There are many other things which has benefited
hospitality industry. It has provided ease in doing operations. multiple sector has integrated to
contribute in tourism sector. the implication of hospitality and tourism sector has impacted in
both positive and negative way. The competition has increased but cost of hospitality services
has reduced. Moreover, there are different impact of integration that is quality of services, scale
of operations, standardization, etc. this has resulted in generating more profits. Interrelation has
allowed TUI to integrate their products and services with one another so that customer base can
be increased. Along with this, there has been ease in traveling from one place to another as all
service are available at one place.
For example- TUI is having their own hospitality services such as TUI hotel and resorts, airline,
cruises, etc.
REFERENCES
Books and journals
Litvin, S.W., Goldsmith, R.E. and Pan, B., 2018. A retrospective view of electronic word-
of-mouth in hospitality and tourism management. International Journal of Contemporary
Hospitality Management. 30(1). pp.313-325.
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Mansour, J.S. and Ariffin, A.A.M., 2017. The effects of local hospitality, commercial
hospitality and experience quality on behavioral intention in cultural heritage tourism. Journal of
Quality Assurance in Hospitality & Tourism. 18(2). pp.149-172.
Mohseni, S. and et.al., 2018. Attracting tourists to travel companies’ websites: the structural
relationship between website brand, personal value, shopping experience, perceived risk and
purchase intention. Current Issues in Tourism. 21(6) .pp.616-645.
Sheehan, M., Grant, K. and Garavan, T., 2018. Strategic talent management: A macro and
micro analysis of current issues in hospitality and tourism. Worldwide Hospitality and Tourism
Themes. 10(1) pp.28-41.
Stone, M.J., Migacz, S. and Wolf, E., 2018. Beyond the journey: the lasting impact of
culinary tourism activities. Current Issues in Tourism. pp.1-6.
Tontini, G. and et.al., 2017. Exploring the nonlinear impact of critical incidents on
customers’ general evaluation of hospitality services. International Journal of Hospitality
Management. 66. pp.106-116.
Tung, V.W.S., Tang, M.F.C. and King, B.E.M., 2018. Tourism industry career prospects
and the business environment: Evidence from Canada and Macau. International Journal of
Tourism Research.
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TASK 2
2.1 analyse the implications of integration to the hospitality industry
The history of tourism sector is very broad. This can be explained by the fact that with
evolution of globalisation business are able to expand operations globally. The economies of
scale have expanded which has benefited business to earn high profits (Chan, Hsu and Baum,
2015). moreover, it has resulted in decrease in cost of goods. In similar way hospitality industry
is also engaged in conducting operations in all over the world. They are able to provide variety of
services to large number of people. this is done by targeting different market segments and
offering services according to their needs. Furthermore, integration has enabled in high growth
and development of tourism sector. There has been high rise in demand of various types of
hospitality services in the market. moreover, integration has led to smooth flow of operations and
working among organisation. Thus, services are being delivered quickly. This has also impacted
on reputation of companies in positive way. moreover, it has been evaluated that many time
people can also avail specific service of one company and rest of another.
There are two types of integration that can be followed in it. these are as follows :
Vertical – this type of integration occurs when one company buys another distribution chain.
This is done to reduce cost of product and increase profit margin. In tourism sector this
integration is common as company buys hotels, restaurants, etc. (Jonas and Mansfeld, 2017) to
enhance scale of economies. By doing this strong barriers are been implemented in order to limit
the competition. This integration is further divided into two types that are as follows :-
 Forward – in this a company merge with another one to expand their operations. usually,
it is done to sustain in market for long term. For example – a chain of hotel may start
their own travel and tourism services. this can be done by making agreements with travel
agents or tour operators. In respect to it, they are given commission on basis of clients
brought. Usually, main aim is to develop a large customer base and generate more
revenue.
 Backward- it is opposite of forward where a company may buy its own supplier. It is
done to increase sales and profits (Battour and et.al., 2017). besides this, it helps in
entering in new market segment and offering services to people.
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 Horizontal- here, two or more companies merge together to form a new organisation. the
main aim is to expand operations in different countries and increase customer base. Also,
it is done to use resources in effective way and generate more sales and profits. this type
of integration is more beneficial as it helps companies to utilise their resources in
effective way. in addition they can increase the option of providing hospitality services to
people.
The implication of integration is as follows:-
Branding – with success of integration, companies engaged in tourism sector is benefited to
great extent. now, branding has emerged as new concept in this. The sales depend on how
business promotes their services and how they deliver it. also, customer prefer to stay with loyal
with their brand if they are satisfied with services offered. Furthermore, an effective branding
reflects brand image of company in mind of people (Ryan, Horton-Tognazzini and Williams,
2016). for instance – if group of people visit a 5 star hotel chain in UK and in US. They will
expect same type and quality of services in both locations.
Market control- Integration has allowed large companies to merge and control market in
different countries. they are able to set prices of packages and offer services accordingly. It has
benefited them in attracting more people. but on the contrary small organisation will not able to
survive due to this, their growth will be limited in certain areas. people will prefer to buy
affordable packages rather than purchasing different services.
Increased globalisation – Another implication is globalisation. It is because when a company
will expand in different market it will result in increase in competition. This will benefit country
economy as trade barriers will be removed and in developing countries tourism can be promoted.
This will help in contributing in GDP of nation.
For example – TUI has occupied many services by doing backward integration and is having
their own hotels and is tourism company as well.
Thomas Cook has also merged with several hotels and provide accommodation services as well.
They are expanded into different countries.
2.2 discuss how integration has affected a hospitality business
Integration is the basic concept that affected the hospitality industry business (Sidali,
Kastenholz and Bianchi, 2015). It is required for organization to manage their enterprise
operations and functions in proper manner. This approach will help for identifying the current
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and future scenario of business process. Hospitality industry is the fastest growing organization
to expand the business all over the world. This organization is continuously increased the
productivity and profitability all over the world due to their dynamic environment. The
integration process must be conducted the systematic approaches that support for the
organization and manager is also run the business for changing their policies etc. they also
provide the discount offers on the meal and rooms etc. Hospitality industry is the most expanding
business that integrated with the caters.
Integration affects the function of organization and their business:
Integration is a process that managing the business aspects according to the need and
requirement of consumers.
This is the biggest advantage of this integration process where two competitors are integrated
with each other. In this way, they provide the best quality of services and product to their
customers (Chen and et.al., 2017). Customer service is main objective of hospitality industry
and always maintain their services where customer can satisfy.
 Integration method or process will create condition and situation of monopoly in the
marketplace which is useful for organization to reduce the competitors and competition
level. In this way, customer has less choice in marketplace that's why, they easily
connected with the organization and used the product and services.
 This process is also provided the benefits to the economy of country so that the operating
cost of organization can be managed by the individual branches of firms. In this way, the
profit margin has been increased in the marketplace.
 Nowadays, the cost of product and service is reduced or also increased the revenue and
income. Integration is the best approach that help for organization to maintain their
facilities and services effectively and efficiently.
 Customer satisfaction is the basic aim of organization which essential for hospitality
industry to always take feedback to the clients.
 In hospitality industry, they provide the benefits to their employee such as rewards and
incentive according to the performance of employee (Hughes, Wang and Shu, 2015). It
is an essential for staff member because employee influence and motivate towards their
goals and achievements. In this way, they also focus on their work and targets. Employee
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always putting efforts to innovate new ideas towards the growth and development of
business process.
 Manager is planning an effective strategy and procedures according to the need and
requirement of business process. Integration process help for increasing the efficiency
and effectiveness of enterprise operations and functions.
Integration process is more accurate and effective by establishing the strategies. These planning
requires for business to manage the entire operations and their functionality. Hospitality industry
always build relationship between the responsibility and authority. The necessary resources can
be optimally utilized in the business development and it also useful for increasing the
performance of business all over the world. Integration process can be identified the problem of
business management at the initial level of investment in the development. In hospitality
industry, Manager provide the effective type of training and developing for employee to improve
the skill and knowledge towards the growth and development of organization. Employee can
easily manage the business aspects properly (Chan, Hsu and Baum, 2015). This process will
help for reducing the cost complexity and also maintaining the dynamic layout or structure of
organization. Information technology is modern method help for provide the effective skill and
knowledge which required by the manager. All the information is already available in the
website where the customer, retailer and stakeholder check the details for particular company.
Impact of the integration-
 Quality- integration process is not sure about the quality of increment because it only
depends on the involvement.
 Scale economy- The integration operating cost is reduced at the different level of
business. The starting investment of hotel development is high that directly impact on the
economy of country.
 Standardization- it is a complicated process of standardization because it depends on the
human capability. Now all the services are available with set standards. It has enabled
customers to check it and then buy. Standardizations has forced companies to provide
high quality services.
For example- Thomas Cook is highly affected due to integration of TUI. This has resulted in
decrease in sales and profits of Thomas Cook.
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REFERENCES
Books and journals
Battour, M. and et.al., 2017. Islamic tourism: an empirical examination of travel motivation
and satisfaction in Malaysia. Current Issues in Tourism, 20(1), pp.50-67.
Chan, A., Hsu, C.H. and Baum, T., 2015. The impact of tour service performance on tourist
satisfaction and behavioral intentions: A study of Chinese tourists in Hong Kong. Journal of
Travel & Tourism Marketing, 32(1-2), pp.18-33.
Chen, J.S. and et.al., 2017. Business co-creation for service innovation in the hospitality and
tourism industry. International Journal of Contemporary Hospitality Management, 29(6),
pp.1522-1540.
Hughes, K., Wang, J. and Shu, M., 2015. Exploring the travel patterns, preferences and
recommendations of Chinese university students living in Australia. Journal of Hospitality and
Tourism Management, 23, pp.12-22.
Jonas, A. and Mansfeld, Y., 2017. Exploring the interplay between the use of risk-related
information, risk perception formation, and the stages of travel product consumption. Current
Issues in Tourism, 20(14), pp.1470-1488.
Ryan, P., Horton-Tognazzini, L. and Williams, A., 2016. A snapshot of MOOCs in
hospitality and tourism. Journal of Hospitality & Tourism Education, 28(2), pp.107-112.
Sidali, K.L., Kastenholz, E. and Bianchi, R., 2015. Food tourism, niche markets and
products in rural tourism: Combining the intimacy model and the experience economy as a rural
development strategy. Journal of Sustainable Tourism, 23(8-9), pp.1179-1197.
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TASK 3
3.1 Develop a rationale for a selected project clearly justifying decisions linked to target market
It is important for companies engaged in hospitality sector to sustain for long time. this
can be done by competing in the market by coming up with idea of new concept. This will be
beneficial in attracting people and generating more sales (Edwards and et.al., 2017). Besides
this, new business development can be done by targeting specific market and providing unique
products and services to them. So, as a consultant in PKF a new hospitality business plan will be
developed. In this there are different elements selected regarding business. These are as
follows :-
Stage 1 development
Concept – here, a medium size hotel will be developed in which a pub, swimming pool, garden,
roof top restaurant, etc. will be there. The main concept is to construct a hotel where all services
are available under one roof. A unique concept is built to allow people to spend quality and
leisure time with family, friends, etc.
Market research – here, a particular market will be targeted so that it becomes easy to grow. for
this a research will be conducted to identify which people can be targeted. In order implement
present concept people will be asked questions to collect data and information (Ye, Zhang and
Yuan, 2017). The sample size taken will be 100 tourist including families who visit UK.
Target market – after conducting market research, target market is selected. For present concept
target market will be travelers and middle class people. The services will be provided to them at
low cost. Moreover, these people are targeted because they are not able to find suitable place to
enjoy leisure time in such a reasonable cost. Moreover, many tourists visit UK and are not able
to avail those services.
Location – The Rootage hotel will be suited near river side and in middle of London so that it
easy for people to find it. the area required will be around 5000 sq. feet. It will be built in open
area.
Scale – in initial stage Rootage hotel will operate at medium scale. It will have around 150
rooms. In that 100 will be without A/C and 50 with A/C. only after earning huge profits, it will
be expanded into other cities of UK. There will be food and lodging services as well.
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Funding- for implementation of business plan, funds are required. In present case almost 60%
funding will be done through banks or financial institutions (Wang, Xiang and Fesenmaier,
2016). In this certain amount of capital will be invested by owner. Total capital required will be
approx. $65000.
Products and services- There will be various products and services available in hotel. Pub, roof
top restaurant, café, etc. will be there. It includes pick and drop from airport, city tour service,
etc. along with this, free meals in festive season will be given to customers.
Licensing- the Rootage hotel will be registered under legislation. in order to operate in London,
license and permission will be taken by local as well as state authority.
Organisational structure- there will small organisational structure in which authority will flow
from top to bottom. At top level general manager will there, below functional manager and at last
supervisors and staff will be there.
3.2 Develop a plan for a hospitality business which includes operational requirements,
organisational structure in relation to human resource allocation
In this phase the design and operations of business are classified. It describes that how
hotel will look and what type of operation will be performed in it. below is brief description of
design of hotel :-
Stage 2 - Design:
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• Ambiance – the ambiance will reflect an attractive view of hotel both from inside and outside.
It will reflect peaceful atmosphere (Vila, Darcy and González, 2015). Customer will feel
soothing environment inside hotel rooms. The nature and greenery in garden will give fresh and
positive surrounding to people.
• Culture – Rootage hotel culture will reflect good atmosphere. People will get a relax time to
enjoy and fresh their minds.
• Brand – it refers to method through which branding will be done. Here, Rootage management
will merge with local tour operates in order to establish their brand. also, tourist guide will be
involved in branding of hotel.
• Interior – interior of hotel will be covered with sculptures and arts. On each floor 3-D
paintings will be made. At corner of status and monuments will be placed to give a different
look. In overall hotel LED lighting will be done to give a peaceful environment to customers.
bathrooms will be covered with tiles. Moreover, shower, bathtubs and other fittings will be
modern and stylish.
• Exterior – the hotel will be surrounded by lake view. Also, a garden area will be there for
people to sit and relax. In some part of building will be covered with glass. The windows will
have an open space for sunlight to enter. the balcony of rooms will be having natural plant. Also,
rooms will be spacious enough.
• Functional areas- There will be various functional areas within hotel like laundry,
housekeeping, etc. apart from this, front office, accounting, etc, will be another functional area.
these all will help in providing high quality services to customers (Mowforth and Munt, 2015).
• Customer flows – In order to have an easy flow of customers there will be two gates in
Rootage hotel. One will be for entry and other for exit. Also, a lift will be there that will connect
parking to ground floor area directly.
• Link to target market – Above facilities shows that it will help in attracting middle class
families and tourist. they can avail services at affordable prices. It will help them to feel
comfortable and relax in Rootage.
• Customers with individual needs – Rootage will target middle class and tourist. But on other
hand individual needs will also be taken into consideration. The garden will be provided on rent
for organising birthday, promotional parties, small wedding functions, etc. through this, externa
source of income can be generated.
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• Sustainability – It is necessary for Rootage to sustain in the market for long term. This can be
done by developing effective strategies (García-Villaverde and et.al., 2017). Here, to sustain for
long term, first time visitors will be given 20 % discounts. Also, they will be given membership
cards so that benefits can be availed. In addition, loyal customers will be given additional
services or fringe benefits like pick and drop.
Stage 3 – Operation
It is referred as daily task and activities that will be performed by Rootage staff. In order to
ensure smooth flow of operations, it is necessary to decide what type of task will be performed,
by whom and in what way. they are defined below :-
• Staffing by functional areas- to recruit people for various functional areas, standards will be
set. then, accordingly they will be hired on basis of those standards. before hiring skills and
abilities and experience of candidates with respect particular functional area will be considered.
Each candidate will be given proper training to perform their operations.
• Specialist qualifications- The candidates who will be hired must possess effective skills and
abilities to work in Rootage. manager will only consider those who has done Graduation and
Master’s degree in hospitality sector. But among them priority will be given to those who are
having an experience of 3-4 years working in this industry.
• Staffing issues related to seasonality – In seasonal time it is necessary to have back up of
employees so that operations are managed and run in smooth flow (Maggon and Chaudhry,
2015). In order to handle operations interns will be hired so that work load is managed. They will
be paid stipend on basis of their performance.
• Cultural diversity and ways to deal with conflicts – In order to deal with conflicts, rules and
regulations will be developed by HR. there will be several acts formed such as health and safety,
working hours, salary act, etc. also, a systematic procedure will be there to solve conflicts.
• Recruitment policies and procedures – There will be a proper recruitment policies and
procedure followed to hire candidates. First of all each candidate will be given equal chance for
applying for particular job profile. No discrimination practices will be followed. Then,
experienced employees will be given first preference for job.
• Compliance with legislation- The Rootage hotel rules and policies will be registered under
government and union law. There will be proper health and safety tools and equipment’s
available for employees to work.
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• Promotional activities – in order to attract customer several promotional activities will be
done such as advertising on social media (Ye, Zhang and Yuan, 2017). Also, images of hotel
will be uploaded on networking sites like Facebook, Instagram, etc.
• Pricing – This is most crucial factor that decides success of Rootage hotel. As target market is
middle class people, pricing will be done accordingly. The price of A/ c rooms will be $100 and
non A\c rooms will be $200. Manager will follow competitive pricing strategy.
CONCLUSION
From report it can be concluded that hospitality sector is suppliers of services in travel
and tourism sector. It is entirely dependent on tourism sector for its growth and development.
There is high level of interrelationship between hospitality and tourism sector. It has resulted in
services such as Package holidays, Business travel, Conferences and events, etc. it is summarized
that the implication of hospitality and tourism sector has impacted in both positive and negative
way. The competition has increased but cost of hospitality services has reduced. Moreover, there
are different impact of integration that is quality of services, scale of operations, standardization,
etc. this has resulted in generating more profits. At last a hospitality business is developed with
concept of providing hospitality services under one roof at affordable cost.
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REFERENCES
Books and journals
Edwards, D. and et.al., 2017. Ambassadors of knowledge sharing: Co-produced travel
information through tourist-local social media exchange. International Journal of Contemporary
Hospitality Management, 29(2), pp.690-708.
García-Villaverde, P.M. and et.al., 2017. Determinants of radical innovation in clustered
firms of the hospitality and tourism industry. International Journal of Hospitality
Management, 61, pp.45-58.
Maggon, M. and Chaudhry, H., 2015. Revisiting relationship marketing and customer
relationship management in leading tourism and hospitality journals: research trends from 2001
to 2013. Journal of Relationship Marketing, 14(1), pp.53-77.
Mowforth, M. and Munt, I., 2015. Tourism and sustainability: Development, globalisation
and new tourism in the third world. Routledge.
Vila, T.D., Darcy, S. and González, E.A., 2015. Competing for the disability tourism
market–a comparative exploration of the factors of accessible tourism competitiveness in Spain
and Australia. Tourism Management, 47, pp.261-272.
Wang, D., Xiang, Z. and Fesenmaier, D.R., 2016. Smartphone use in everyday life and
travel. Journal of travel research, 55(1), pp.52-63.
Ye, B.H., Zhang, H.Q. and Yuan, J., 2017. Intentions to participate in wine tourism in an
emerging market: Theorization and implications. Journal of Hospitality & Tourism
Research, 41(8), pp.1007-1031.
Online
Sectors of hospitality sector. 2018. [online] Available through : <
https://www.soegjobs.com/2016/09/07/different-sectors-hospitality-industry/>
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