Tourism and Hospitality Education

The provided assignment details a collection of research papers, articles, and books related to tourism and hospitality management. The resources cover various topics such as Airbnb's impact on the accommodation sector, distribution channels in hospitality, service experience, social media marketing, smart technologies for personalized experiences, and more. These materials are useful for students and researchers looking to gain insights into the industry.

Hospitality Provision in
Travel & Tourism Sector

INTRODUCTION
Hospitality provision defines different regulations and rules with the regards of rendering
the effective services to visitors (Hospitality Provisions, 2018). It has also support in known the
responsibility and duties to the organisation for their clients so that the expectations or outlooks
can be meet in an effective and efficient manner. Thus, hospitality sector is one of the main parts
of tertiary industry. In hospitality industry there are different number of small business are
includes namely software or IT sector, lodging, theme parks, talent or event management,
transportation, restaurant and many more (Abubakar and Ilkan, 2016.). All these are identify as
an effective services which is provided by tour operator with motive to maximise customer base
in the travel and tourism industry. Hospitality management in tourism industry includes giving
better infrastructure to the travellers for travelling. In this report give organisation is PKF
hotelexperts which is a established market leader in international level. This study is divided
into different tasks which cover the role and responsibility of hospitality industry within tourism
sector. There are different kind of integration which impacts on business operations, it is also
shown in this project. Development plan of hospitality businesses which is also a part of this
assignment.
TASK 1
1.1 Discuss the interrelationships between hospitality and wider travel and tourism businesses
Interrelationships between hospitality and travel & tourism sector
Name- PQR
Date- 5 June, 2018
Hospitality industry: It is identify as a leading industry in actual time. Hospitality industry is
one of the important sector which support to economy of nation as it assist in attracting large
number of visitors towards its services. It is a broad parts of fields within the service sector that
considering event planning, lodging, cruise line, transportation, theme parks and many other.
Travel and tourism sector: Tourism is a collection of services, activities and industries which
serve a travel experience comprising accommodation, transportation, retain shops,
entertainment businesses, drinking and eating establishment and many other effective services
given for a persons or groups travelling away from home.
Role of Hospitality Sector within travel and Tourism Industry: In the travel and tourism sector
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hospitality industry play vital and significant role for its growth and success at international
level. Further, hospitality industry provide different services with aim to attract large number of
visitors from different areas. There are different variety of services which are offered including
food services, entertainment, transportation, accommodation and many other necessary service
that supports in attracting million number of travellers towards specified country which benefits
the tourism sector (Alberti, 2014). In this main role of the PKF Hotel Experts is rendering the
better accommodation facility to the people for a enjoyable trip. Beside this they provide
different variety in accommodation including Hotels, Cruise ship, motels and gust house,
Camping parks, lodges and caravanning etc. All these are important for the development and
growth of hospitality sector within tourism industry. Along with them, hospitality sector is best
example which includes amusement park, hotel, restaurant, all these are play vital role by
giving various services including them parties, disco, parks, dinner, pub and many other which
are served at a precious and affordable prices.
Interrelationships between hospitality and travel and tourism business: Tourism and
hospitality both are identify as an essential and main industry which provides effective services
to the visitors. Thus, both are interrelated with each other and having motive is to increasing
growth and success at global level. It is known as a hospitality is an effective coordination of
various chunks, so there are different providers of services whose work or functioning in
tourism sector, whether visitors are travelling for business, leisure etc. Further they are spend a
maximum amount on specified hotels and many other things. There are various ways which are
define the interrelation between hospitality industry within travel and tourism sector are
explained as below:
Visitor attraction: It is identify as a attraction of people towards particular destination,
products, services of tourism industry (Bowie and Mariussen, 2016). It can be made
architectures including museums, locations, them parks and so on. Another type is natural
attraction which cover forest, tiger trails etc. Along with this them park is one of the best and
effective part of the attraction which attract large number of tourist to visit the historical
palaces. For example: Disneyland is a more attractive destination which is located in France,
China, Japan and US.
Business travel: In order to travel with business purpose, large number of businessmen prefer
hotels for their comfortable journey. In this they seeks different centres nearby hotels with the
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internet or Wi-Fi access, conference hall and meeting rooms beside this basic dry cleaning and
laundry facility.
Aviation: It is a type of industry which completely relay on hotel accessibility, in this
accommodation service is identify main variable to their growth and development. They require
to control the hotels capacity and to arrange the time in order to fly towards particular place.
Hospitality also existing onboard airway in the part of sleeping and catering arrangements.
Another is budget airlines that renders beverages and food at additional price, while board class
airlines frequently serve entire inclusive products to the economic class.
Package holidays: It is the role of the tourism industry to provide effective package to the
visitors to travel in different destination (Bunakov and Zhukov, 2015). In this PKF Hotel
Experts render a quality and different package so that visitors can select best package for the
purpose of visiting. If someone prefer a budget package they they would chosen a 3-star
hotelexperts where they obtain average facilities.
Conference and Exhibitions: It is identify as a significant component of the global and
domestic tourism sector. With the help of this tour operator easily provide different types of
information including transportation, accommodation, time duration and many other to the
travellers. In this PKF Hotelexperts conduct a exhibitions and conference events with purpose
to attract large number of people towards tourism services (Dickinson and Norgate, 2014).
Further, it benefited and support the hospitality industry to increase their progress and success
at international level. Thus, it proof travel and tourism sector is a part of hospitality industry
which is important for them to attain long term targets and objectives within predetermine
period of time.
TASK 2
2.1 Analyse the implications of integration to the hospitality sector
Integration is identify as an essential and significant part to the hospitality sector in order
to perform together through sharing resources as well as their potential clients also. Hospitality
industry is a growing sector which have to render quality and effective services to the tourism
industry. Through integration, tourism and hospitality sector are establishing their business
operations or activities in easily (Dredge, Airey and Gross, 2014). Further it is important for
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them to accomplish their desired and predetermine objectives in limited period of time. Need of
all business is to adopt integration system with motive to give better service to people.
Integration is divided into two parts which are explained as below:
Vertical integration: It is applied when two or more parts of production are merged
together. It is more important and essential for the business entity to reduce their production cost
and maximise efficiency and effectiveness within predetermine period of time. It is also known
as a process which has dissimilar organisation for merger agreements beside with another
company which primarily get into the distribution chain. It will support in creating and
implementing business transaction and reaching with acquiring competitive edge of desired
objectives. For example: Marriott international, Accor Hotels are serving different services over
their competitions. Thus, it is importance and valuable component because it support them in
capturing large number of market share (Guttentag, 2015). In other word, vertical integration
assist in lowering or decreasing the measure which should be needed for worked by all enterprise
in better way. Accorhotels merged Toronto-based parent business of the tolerance Fairmont and
thus it will easily combine. They are chiefly emphasis in maximising the service quality which
support in rendering various facilities and benefits to the visitors after integrating accurately.
Horizontal integration: It is another type of integration which is used when the two fully
different business come with each other under the similar administration in order to offer the
clients. The main benefit of horizontal integration is creating and implementing completely new
company that are specifically applied for integrating two famous organisations in an effective
manner. For example: Starwood Hotels by Marriott International hotel, price is approximately
12.2 billion US$ In which Marriott undertake to Starwood hotels, main motive and objective is
to create and develop maximum enterprise in an effective and efficiency manner. It is valuable
and essential for implementing business operation which assist in maximising growth and
success effectively (Kropinova, Zaitseva and Moroz, 2015). An enterprise can proceeds
corrective plan of actions and also make an effective decision about business enlargement at
international and many other country. Therefore, it is beneficial and valuable for both
organisation so they can maximising their sales and gain competitive advantages within
predetermine period of time for rendering luxury accommodation facility in better manner.
In the actual period of time, there are different firms which are combined with other
business entity which main purpose is to enlarging the business functions and operations
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successfully. It is also important for the unemployed people by rendering maximum
opportunities to them. Thus, it is essential and important for the tour operator to attract different
number of travellers towards tourism services and products. According to globalisation or
internationalisation, aggregation can be see because it is essential for increasing monetary system
at the global market. Beside this, some parts of hospitality sector including Thomas cook and
TUI groups combines with different organisation that covers cabs, airlines, restaurants,
transportation services so that visitors can be enjoyed as well as satisfied with their holiday
package in well defined way (Law and Fong, 2015). In this globalisation has instantly effects on
hospitality industry which support in maximising their turnover and income. Beside this, an
enterprise can get together with other firms at different countries which assist in creating and
implementing the business operations in ascertained manner.
2.2 How integrations has directly affected a hospitality business
An effective integration of all sector can be impacted due to different problems. It is more
beneficial for the tourism industry is to know about market trends. Changes in the environment,
company require to implement integration in systematic manner with motive to recognise
requirement of travellers about place, accommodation, food and other effective services. Thus, it
is essential and beneficial for the hotel industry in order to increase their turnover by rendering
quality services to the visitors (Manhas and Tukamushaba, 2015). Therefore, it help the business
manager to improve their operations and functions at global level successfully.
Impact of integration: It has different effects and impacts on the business operations and
activities which fall down its goodwill in marketplace. There are some impacts of integration on
hotel which are explained under this:
Economic of scale: In this integration is highly effected on the tourism industry and its
growth. In this cost of Marriott can be decreased which is good for them to maximise their
reputation at global level. It is identify as a duty of enterprise is to yield effective service to the
visitors which benefited to them in order to gain competitive benefits as well as develop progress
on economic scale.
Quality: There are various effects on integration or combination on the tourism activity
either positive or negative manner. For this purpose, it is unrequited for acquiring success and
development after mergers so that there are minimum chances of enhancing the quality and
standard for hospitality and tourism industry (Minazzi, 2015). Therefore, the common relation at
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the period of doing work effectively and conducting tasks, these are the main factor for
maximising service quality appropriately.
Standardisation: It is a complex method that take various period of time, specially in tourism
industry that includes different variable which are essential for them. In the travel and tourism it
is identify as a complicated process for developing whole programs easily. In hospitality sector,
standardisation provide benefits and support to visitors for the travelling motive (Neuhofer,
Buhalis and Ladkin, 2015). It is highly required by the hotel in order to maximise their revenues
and turnover in an effective and efficient way. It is also help them to keep long lasting position at
marketplace.
Integration is highly effected on the Marriott and its activities in various forms which
are explained under this:
Integration between Marston's Plcs and Marriott international, there is more requirement
to fund which are provided by business to its clients systematically. For instance: if hotel charged
more prices as compared to its rivals, it show the negative position of company at marketplace.
In this business should try to provide quality and effective services to the people which help
them to maintain strong position at marketplace. Merger and acquisition is highly effected on the
small business and its activities. It is beneficial and significant for economic scale including
reduction of operating cost and maximisation of profit. For this purpose, Marriott international
can be decreased their operating cost as well increase their sales and revenues which is beneficial
for them to achieve long term goals within predetermined period of time (Page, 2014).
Implication of integration: Vertical and horizontal both are important integration which help the
travel and tourism industry to maximise their reputation at global marketplace. Thus, in order to
develop this, hospitality industry use different policies which are explained as below:
Importance of branding and pricing policies: It is important for the business to
maximise customer base in the organisation which support them to maintain their effective
position at market. Implementation of Integration in the activities and operation of tourism, it is
the main role of hotel administrator in order to set appropriate strategy of pricing. Thus, it
support to attract different visitors for the specified country. From the same, vertical integration
assist the company to increase their branding position and goodwill at global level. It is more
important and beneficial for the business to attract various clients and make an effective position
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in market. In this hotel set an appropriate price which support them to achieve better outcomes
easily. It will also assist to gain competitive edge in limited time period.
Manipulation of the market: In this role of hotel manager is to handle activities and
operations of the organisation within predetermined period of time. Therefore, it support them to
increase turnover of the hotel. Thus, it is important and beneficial for the Marriott to keep strong
reputation in internationally.
TASK 3
3.1 Developing rationale for project which justify decisions linked with target market
The development of rational for hospitality sector that can be undertaken by rendering a
effective or specific example. In this Cafe Cappuccino is doing an effective planning for come in
the innovative locations as in beverage and food sector for evaluating growth and development
for acquiring competitive edge within predetermined period of time (Sánchez-Ollero, García-
Pozo and Marchante-Mera, 2014). In this administration has been implanted after organising
investigation and survey, it will support in encouraging and motivating their all workers for
effective suitable beverages and food with the assist of attractive prices so that they will be
capable in order to spend maximum amount of the fund for satisfying basic wants and
requirement of clients as well as reach with a better outputs. There are different stages which are
included in order to implement an effective projects. These are explained as below:
Idea: It is first stage which is important and useful for the hotel manager in order to plan
an effective idea which support them to established their business operations and activities at
international level. Thus, it is beneficial for the new hotel to maximise their profitability and
effectiveness within specified period of time.
Market research: It is another part of the plan which is important for the hotel managers
because in which they organise an effective research program. It help them to recognise basic
wants and requirement of the customers. In this investigator would be chosen sample size is 1300
travellers who would be visiting the UK and nearby its destination (Smith and Puczkó, 2014).
Target Market: Cafe Cappuccino target people who belongs in top and middle class that
would be capable in order to supply higher package. Thus, it will include those visitors who
belongs in different age groups.
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Target size and places of Cafe Cappuccino: Under this company target geographical
locations in UK where upper and middle class are attracted. Size of the business would be
approximately 150 rooms with all facilities including 70 AC rooms and rest of are other. It will
also represent of various services which given by the business including food and lording.
Investment: It is another essential part of the plan which help the company to do their all
activities and functions in an effective and efficient manner. In this hotel manager arrange
accurate amount of the capital by using bank loan, own resources and many other. In this Cafe
Cappuccino should serve various products and services to the tourist including 70 AC and 80
Non Ac rooms, tourist guides, quality in products and services, transportation services and so on.
Licensing: This is identify as an important and legal activities which is apply by all
business for enlarging their operation internationally (Standing, Tang-Taye and Boyer, 2014). It
is highly important and needed for the business to expand their business and accomplish long
term goals and objectives within predetermined period of time.
3.2 Develop a plan for a hospitality business in relations to human resource allotment
Plan of the Cafe Cappuccino in establishing at different and international level. It is
important for the travel and tourism industry in order to achieve long term targets and objectives
in limited time period. There are large number of opportunities and chances for the venture to
maximise their sales and turnover in limited time period. The manager of the hotel has different
role and responsibility including; attract large number of customers, maximise sales and revenue,
gain competitive advantages and many other (Stephenson, 2014). All these are essential for the
company to maintain their strong position at marketplace. Development plan includes different
stages which are determined as well as explained as below:
Stage 1 Development: It is a first stage which is important for the hotel manager in order to
develop an effective products, services, pricing strategy and many other. All these are beneficial
for the growth and success of business at international and global level. In this main role of the
restaurant is to serve better quality in its products and services. In this business entity analysis
different resources of the fund and target large number of audience for visiting in specified
location in an effective and efficient manner. It also help them to gain competitive edge or
benefited within predetermined period of time (Vanhove, 2017). This stage includes idea, market
research, target market, target location, business size, funding, licensing, products and services.
All these are valuable and beneficial for the company to identify market trends, customer
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requirement, target market, target customers and many other. Thus it benefited to the business to
maximise their sales within predetermined time. Thus, it is beneficial and valuable for business
to attract large number of clients by providing quality products and services to the business entity
at reasonable price.
Stage 2 Design: It is another phase which is also important for the manager to design an
effective plan and policy which assist them to maintain their reputation at marketplace. This
design includes different elements which are explained as below:
Ambience: Large number of the visitors are specifically demanding for luxurious and
expensive interiors which serve them new and unique food and beverages to the customers. For
creating and developing impressive thoughts and ideas of customer, in this manager put an
effective decision for fulfilling basis requirements of clients easily.
Culture: It is identified for the restaurants so that administration needed to creating
efforts for making attractive culture (Xiang, Magnini and Fesenmaier, 2015). Workforce of the
hotel including waiters, managers and many other all these are play vital role for the
development and success of company in limited period of time.
Functional area: Cafe Cappuccino restaurant mainly emphasis on functional as well as
operational area which support in communicating easily with their visitors or clients with the
support of various sources including payment system, online booking and many other beneficial
tools.
Interiors and Exteriors: It is a type of design in this interiors design assist the hotel
manager in order to attract various visitors in daily basis. Under exterior design which is also
beneficial and support the company to accomplish their goals with predetermined period of time.
In nature, both design should be furnished and attractive.
Sustainability: It is another part of the design which benefited to the organisation to
increase their turnover by rendering quality in their products and services to its visitors at unique
location.
Stage 3: Operations: It is important and main part of the development plan which support the
business manager in order to hired knowledgeable and talented employees who can easily
accomplish long term goals and objectives of company within predetermined period of time.
Under this restaurant carry out various benefits and edge about the success and growth of
company (Zeng and Gerritsen, 2014). Operational and functional area are important and
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foremost part which are beneficial for the business to maximise their productivity and
profitability ratio easily. Both departments has different functions and roles which are
determined as below:
Recruitment policies and procedures: In the each and every business, this function play
vital role for the growth and development of its in international and many other areas. In this
manger play vital role for recruiting talented workforce from internal and external factor. In this
they design an effective policy which support to expand their business operations at different
level (Zeng and Gerritsen, 2014).
Promotional activities: It is another important and beneficial activities which are follow
by the operational manager in order to provide necessary and relevant information about
products, services, price and many other tourism services. For this purpose, manager apply
different kind of promotional mix considering advertisement, sales promotion, public relation
through TV, print ad social media, Banners, Posters and many other (Abubakar and Ilkan,
2016). All these are valuable for the restaurant to increase customer base in the company.
Pricing strategies: It is another part of the operational stage which identify the role of
manager is to set an appropriate pricing strategy for its holiday package, products and services.
Further, all success and growth of the company is highly depends on this. So in this business
should set appropriate price of their services.
Staffing by functional areas: In this role of the manager is to motivating and
encouraging their all members who are recently working in the organisation. It help the
enterprise to maintain long lasting and strong relationship with employees.
CONCLUSION
From the above mentioned report, it can be determined about hospitality industry is one
of the important part of service sector which provide different services including transportation,
food and many other. All these are important and essential part of the tourism success and
development in the global and international level. Effective relation between hospitality and
travel and tourism business support in achievement of long term goals and objectives within
predetermined period of time. Various types of integration that are highly effects on business
operations and activities globally. In this role of tour operator is to design an effective
development plan of hospitality industry which assist them to increase their growth and success
in limited time duration. In order to attract wide range of visitors tour manager should try to
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provide quality services and products to the travellers so that they are satisfy and prefer to visit
specified destination at different times.
REFERENCES
Books and Journals
Abubakar, A.M. and Ilkan, M., 2016. Impact of online WOM on destination trust and intention to
travel: A medical tourism perspective. Journal of Destination Marketing & Management.
5(3). pp.192-201.
Alberti, G., 2014. Mobility strategies,‘mobility differentials’ and ‘transnational exit’: the
experiences of precarious migrants in London’s hospitality jobs. Work, employment and
society. 28(6). pp.865-881.
Bowie, D. and Mariussen, A., 2016. Hospitality marketing. Taylor & Francis.
Bunakov, O.A. and Zhukov, V.A., 2015. Research on the evolution of management concepts of
sustainable tourism and hospitality development in the regions. Journal of Sustainable
Development. 8(6). p.39.
Dickinson, J.E. and Norgate, S., 2014. Tourism and the smartphone app: Capabilities, emerging
practice and scope in the travel domain. Current Issues in Tourism. 17(1). pp.84-101.
Dredge, D., Airey, D. and Gross, M.J. Eds., 2014. The Routledge handbook of tourism and
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Guttentag, D., 2015. Airbnb: disruptive innovation and the rise of an informal tourism
accommodation sector. Current issues in Tourism. 18(12). pp.1192-1217.
Kropinova, E.G., Zaitseva, N.A. and Moroz, M., 2015. Approaches to the assessment of the
contribution of tourism into the regional surplus product: case of the Kaliningrad region.
Mediterranean Journal of Social Sciences. 6(3 S5). p.275.
Law, R. and Fong, L.H.N., 2015. Distribution channel in hospitality and tourism: Revisiting
disintermediation from the perspectives of hotels and travel agencies. International
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Manhas, P.S. and Tukamushaba, E.K., 2015. Understanding service experience and its impact on
brand image in hospitality sector. International Journal of Hospitality Management, 45,
pp.77-87.
Minazzi, R., 2015. Social media marketing in tourism and hospitality. Heidelberg: Springer.
Neuhofer, B., Buhalis, D. and Ladkin, A., 2015. Smart technologies for personalized
experiences: a case study in the hospitality domain. Electronic Markets. 25(3). pp.243-
254.
Page, S.J., 2014. Tourism management. Routledge.
Sánchez-Ollero, J.L., García-Pozo, A. and Marchante-Mera, A., 2014. How does respect for the
environment affect final prices in the hospitality sector? A hedonic pricing approach.
Cornell Hospitality Quarterly. 55(1). pp.31-39.
Smith, M. and Puczkó, L., 2014. Health, tourism and hospitality: Spas, wellness and medical
travel. Routledge.
Standing, C., Tang-Taye, J.P. and Boyer, M., 2014. The impact of the Internet in travel and
tourism: A research review 2001–2010. Journal of Travel & Tourism Marketing. 31(1).
pp.82-113.
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Stephenson, M.L., 2014. Deciphering ‘Islamic hospitality’: Developments, challenges and
opportunities. Tourism Management. 40. pp.155-164.
Vanhove, N., 2017. The Economics of Tourism Destinations: Theory and Practice. Routledge.
Xiang, Z., Magnini, V.P. and Fesenmaier, D.R., 2015. Information technology and consumer
behavior in travel and tourism: Insights from travel planning using the internet. Journal
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Zeng, B. and Gerritsen, R., 2014. What do we know about social media in tourism? A review.
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Online
Hospitality Provisions. 2018. [Online]. Available Through: <http://www.nshm.com/career-in-
travel-tourism-management/>.
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