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HSH744 Epidemiology Assessment

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Added on  2021-05-30

HSH744 Epidemiology Assessment

   Added on 2021-05-30

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HSH744 Epidemiology 1 – Assessment task 2 answer sheetDue Thursday 17th May, 5pmPlease type all of your answers into the spaces provided below.Student name__________________________________________________________Student number ________________________________________________________Question numberAnswer1Randomized controlled trial2Ecological study3Cross-sectional study4Retrospective cohort study5Cross-sectional study6Prospective cohort study7Point prevalence8Period prevalence9Maintaining high rates of follow up can be difficult10The disease should be severe, relatively common and perceived as a public health problem11Relatively quick and cheap to conductCan investigate a wide range of possible risk factorsCan be used to effectively identify and study cases of rare outcomesCan employ expensive or time-consuming tests12Occurs clearly in excess of the expected numbersPage 1 of 3
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HSH744 Epidemiology 1 – Assessment task 2 answer sheet13They are quick, cheap and easy to do with existing dataThey are useful for generating hypotheses for later testing 14The gender of the study participantsThe household annual income of the study participants15Daily smoking by study participants 16Odds ratio17True Page 2 of 3
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HSH744 Epidemiology 1 – Assessment task 2 answer sheet18The results should be treated with caution as it could be due to chance variability in the data. This is because it has an odds ratio of 0.86 with a 95% CI of 0.61-1.26. This means that the true odds ratio of the target population lies between 0.61-1.26. Therefore, the true population odds ratio has a possibility of being 1.0. Odd ratio is one if the measure of association between the cases and the control in case control study or exposure and the outcome in the cohort study. Odds ratio also measures the strength of association between the exposure and the outcome. It is calculated by taking the odds of the disease in the exposed group divided by the odds of the disease in the unexposed group.Odds ratio, OR =odds¿¿ OR =ab/cd = adbcInterpretation: An odds ratio of 1 is interpreted as there being no increased or decreased likelihood of a factor (living in rural area) affecting an outcome (daily smoking). Living in rural is not associated with more daily smoking. An odds ratio of more than 1 means there is an increased likelihood of the outcome occurring due to the factor in question while an odds ratio of less than 1 means there is a decreased likelihood of the outcome occurring due to the factor in question. It should be noted that Odds ratio does not totally establish that the exposure is the contributing factor to the outcome. It could be that the association is due to a third factor that was not checked in the study. These factors that are related to both the exposure and outcome are known as confounding factors.Page 3 of 3
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