Eye Gaze Research and Applications

This assignment delves into the field of eye gaze research and its diverse applications. It encompasses studies on understanding face and eye visibility in smartphones, detecting low rapport during interactions, visual decoding of targets during search tasks, and forecasting user attention using device sensors. Additionally, it covers privacy-preserving first-person vision techniques and gaze redirection in videos.

RESEARCH
PROJECT

Table of Contents
INTRODUCTION...........................................................................................................................1
Background.............................................................................................................................1
Aim.........................................................................................................................................1
Objective.................................................................................................................................1
Questions................................................................................................................................1
Rationale of the study.............................................................................................................1
Research methods...................................................................................................................2
Literature review..............................................................................................................................2
Concept of bulling and different types of bulling..................................................................2
Disable people and children are bulled by the other individual.............................................5
Different risk and practice factors that are associated with the bulling.................................7
Different strategies by which bulling can be prevented.........................................................9
Discussion.............................................................................................................................11
Conclusion and recommendation...................................................................................................12
Conclusion............................................................................................................................12
Recommendation..................................................................................................................13
REFERENCES..............................................................................................................................15

INTRODUCTION
Background
Bulling is the practice which is conducted to force the individual in order to complete
some activities and operations. It is forceful conduct rather it is not conduct with the consent of
individual. Bullying is the use of force, threat, or coercion to abuse, intimidate, or aggressively
dominate others (Werner and Bulling, 2017). This type of behaviour is often habitual of the
people. There are four types of bulling, that are physical, verbal, emotional and cyber. Other than
that there are several strategies and ways by which it can be prevented such as sue against the
person, ignoring the activities, taking any strict action against these activities etc.
Aim
Key aim of the researcher is “ To find the different strategies and prevention of bulling to
children and disable people”
Objective
 To explore the concept of bulling and different types of bulling
 To analyse how disable people and children are bulled by the other individual
 To evaluate the different risk and practice factors that are associated with the bulling
 To explore the different strategies by which bulling can be prevented.
Questions
 What is bulling and different types of bulling?
 How disable people and children are bulled by the other individual?
 What are the different risk and practice factors that are associated with the bulling?
 What are the different strategies by which bulling can be prevented?
Rationale of the study
In order to lead the examination, there are different reason which influence the choice of
researcher. In this way, researcher intrigue and interest is one of the significant reason by which
he or she has picked the theme that to find the different strategies and prevention of bulling to
children and disable people. Examiner have well information and comprehension about this
point so as he/she has chosen this theme as paper subject. One noteworthy purpose behind select
this subject is that analyst have adequate information and data about this theme. Likewise,
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examiner have point by point data about this subject through which he/she has effectively
directed the exploration on this theme.
Research methods
There are several methods that are included in the research methodology, that are
research approach, research design, data collection, research philosophies, sampling etc. This
chapter plays very significant role when the researcher is conducting any investigation. This is
because it helps the scholar in collecting and analysing the data in effective and efficient manner.
Key objective of the researcher is to find the different strategies and prevention of bulling to
children and disable people (Zhang and Bulling, 2017). In order to attain this objective, scholar
have selected qualitative research strategy. Other than that researcher have used inductive
research approach. Where the scholar will use different trends and patterns in order to collect the
data. With that interpritivism reseatch philosophy have been chosen by the scholar where several
facts have been reflected the single fact (Sweet and Bulling, 2017). Other than that exploratory
research design have been used to analysed the data. When it comes to the data collection,
secondary data collection have been used. Data will be gathered from different sources such as
books, journal, newspaper etc.
Literature review
Concept of bulling and different types of bulling
According to the view of Wood and Bulling, (2017) is the unwanted and aggressive
behaviour of the people in order to force the child and other disable people in order to conduct
some activities and operation on the behalf of same individual. This type of behaviour and
attitude is being repeated by the individual again and again. When the person is bulling the other
person, he or she need to be very much aggressive so that third person needs to be awarded about
it. Other than that it is an imbalance of the power. The person who bully the other individual use
their power such as they physical ability and willingness, access to embarrass the other person
by sharing some information, make negative popularity of the other individual o that he or she
can transfer his or her harm to the other person. When the person uses his or her power at that
time, there are different situation and time and accordingly he or she bullies other person in
different ways. Other than that this type of activities and operation can be conducted repeatedly,
it can be done several times, this is because the person who bully have the habit to embarrass
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other persons. There are several actions that are conducted under the bully such as making threat
to the other person, spreading wrong information about the other individual, attracting other
person mentally or physically or the person can exclude the other individual from the group for
some reason or no reason. It is very big social issues, this is because it harm the emotions and
felling of the third person.
In the contradicting view of Karessli and Bulling, (2017) bulling is being when the
person have superior power or strength. Te power is being used to influence others which can
includes perceived or real power imbalance. As it is very big social issues which need to be
prevented so that one person can not take the advantage of the other person who is week or
disable. It is the action when someone is being hurt by the action and emotions for any purpose
or enjoyment. Usually it is being done for more than once and other person who is being bullied
feels very bad or depressed because of these kinds of activities. It is very difficult for the person
to person who is being bullied because the person can be disable or week. In simple words it can
be said that Bullying is repeated verbal, physical, social or psychological aggressive behaviour
by a person or group directed towards a less powerful person or group that is intended to cause
harm, distress or fear.
According to the view of Stei and Bulling, (2018) there are different types of bulling
such as physical, emotional, sexual, verbal, violence, discrimination, cyber bulling etc. when it
comes to the verbal bulling, then the person target the individual and then making some kinds of
jokes related to the name of person and making some display in the kind of poster and spreading
to others. In simple words it can be said that verbal bullying includes name calling, insults,
teasing, intimidation, homophobic or racist remarks, or verbal abuse. It is very much harmful for
the person who is being bullied because it will hurt the emotions of the individual. But in some
cases individual need to take some steps so that they can prevent from these types of activities.
Other than that it is the relentless insult made by the person in order to hurt, demean and belittle
the other person. When the person target the other individual to do verbal bully, then he or she
analyses the other person way of taking, acting, looks and behave. Most of the time verbal
bullies is being made on the kinds. It is very difficult for the person to identify verbal bully, this
is because it is being conducted when the individual do not have adult around him or her. Most
of the time this type of bully is being ignored, the reason behind it is being ignored so that it can
not be converted into any bigger dispute or battle. Most of the research has stated that name
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bully leave very deep impact over the emotions of the people because it leave scar in the
individual.
In the contradicting view of Zhangand Bulling, (2017) physical bully is also another type
of bulling which is very much harmful for the individual. It is most often type of bulling which
can be occurs on kinds and disables people. One person tries to gain power over the other
person. It is bigger, aggressive and stronger as compare to the other one. Most often type of
physical bully is kicking, hitting, punching, slapping, shoving, and other physical attacks. It is
very much easy for the person to identify. As a result most likely what people think of when they
think of bullying? Additionally, it has historically received more attention from schools than
other more subtle forms of bullying. When it is taking place in some educational institute then it
is called as ragging. Ragging is another form of physical billing when the senior tries to harm
their juniors or new joiners.
According to the view of Zhang and Gellersen, (2017) the other form of bulling is
rational aggression. Relational aggression is a sneaky and insidious type of bullying that often
goes unnoticed by parents and teachers. It is the type of social manipulation where the teenagers
tries to harm the emotions of other peers with the different forms such as teasing, calling bad
name, speeding wrong information etc. most of the time, this type of bully is being taken place
in the group, , spread rumours, manipulate situations, and break confidences. When the person
tries to make their own social standing, in that case this type of bulling is being conducted. It
have been identified that most of girls does these activities as compare to the boys. The girls
which are included in these kinds of activities, they are so mean. A teen or tween on the receiving
end of relational aggression is likely to be teased, insulted, ignored, excluded and intimidated.
In the contradicting view of Khamis and Bulling, (2017) cyber bulling is also one type of
bulling which is being done by the use of internet and social media platforms. When the person use
their phone, laptops, personal computers or other technology in order to embarrass, harass or threaten
the targeted person, then this is called and cyber bulling. When any adult is being involved in these
kinds of activities or operation, then it is said as cyber harassment. There are several activities that
are included in this type of bulling such as posing some wrong image of the person on social media
pages such as Facebook, Instagram, Twitter etc. other than that there are several others online threats
that can be made on the cyber bulling such as sending the harmful threats, emails, text etc. this is
most often made in today’s time. This is because most of the people are engaged on the different
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social media pages and when some post are being uploaded on the pages, it can viral very large in
shorter period. One person can also blackmail to the targeted person that he or she can post some
wrong pictures on the social media aged and start taking advantages. This type of bulling is made
when the person do not have that much courage to make the harm face to face. Most of the time this
type bulling is done due to some frustration or to take revenge. Technology makes them feel
anonymous, insulated, and detached from the situation. Consequently, online bullying is often mean
and cruel.
As per the view of Steil and Bulling, (2018) sexual bulling is also kind of bulling which
consists of repeated, harmful, and humiliating actions that target a person sexually. There are several
kinds of sexual bulling such as e sexual name-calling, crude comments, vulgar gestures, uninvited
touching, sexual propositioning, and pornographic materials. Other than that some boys can
comment on the female’s attractiveness, appearance, sexual activities and development. With that it
can be increase up to level of assault. Most of the time girls are being targeted by the boys in this
type of bulling. Other than that boys can touch or stare very inappropriately to the girls or can
comment on the body structure of the female. Or when the girls do this type of bulling then she calls
other girls with the bad name such as bitch, slut, tramp etc. other than that sex texting is also the kind
of sexual bulling. When one person forcefully text other person some sex photos or videos. With that
a boy can ask a girl to share some photos of her and then do breakup. Further he shares the pictures
of that girl in the school. This is also a kind of sexual bulling.
Disable people and children are bulled by the other individual
According to the view of Zhang and Bulling, (2018) Most of the time is being known that
children and disable people are bulled by the other person; this is because they are not willing and
able to stop these activities and can not take any strict action against the same. When it concerned
about the verbal bulling, one person call the name of other person and crack some jokes over it. Most
of the time children have to keep calm and ignore this kind of activities otherwise it can lead to big
issue or fights. Some children are week in taking any action over the same and this is the reason they
need to face these kinds of bullies. On the other hand when one child have bad height, weight or
other attributes such as their culture, tradition, sexuality, race etc. in that case they are teased by the
other children. In case of disable people, whose physical body parts are not working properly or if
the person is unsound mind, in that case, they are being called or teased for the same such as mad,
unsound mind etc.
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In the contradicting view of Alechina and Nguyen, (2017) In case of physical bully, when the
person is not able to protect himself or herself, then is been being physically harassed by the other
person. Most of the time it happens that when the boy intentionally touch the girl in bad way in the
school, it is also a physical bully. Other than that when the child is week or malnutrition and can not
protect himself or herself to be hit by the other person, in that case it is physically bully. In case of
disable person, he or she is not willing to protect, he or she can be physically harassed by the other
one. One person tries to show his or her power on other person and tries to show his or her
superiority. Often it happens in the school and colleges that when there is some new admission then
the current students give some bad task to them which can physically harm the targeted person. This
is also a type of physical bulling and also called as ragging.
According to the view of Sattar and Fritz, (2017) disability abuse is when the individual
is being abused sexually, financially, psychological, physically due to person having a disability.
There are different types of bully that can be held with disable people. Like they can be called as
mad, disable etc. Other than that they are also physically bullied, because they are not able to
protect themselves. With that most of time it can be happen that children with the
developmental, physical, sensory, intellectual, emotional disabilities are bullied from the other
peers. There are n numbers of factors which can leads to bully such as physical vulnerability,
social skill challenges, or intolerant environment which may increase their risk. Other than that
it have been identified that the children with the special heath needs like food allergy, epilepsy
may have the higher risk of bully which includes making fun of them or exposing them etc. This
can become very much serious or can cause loss to life or death.
In the contradicting view of Bulling and Schmidt, (2017) bulling behaviour can cause of
disability harassment which is being prohibited under the Section 504 of the rehabilitation act of
1973. There are different negative impact of the on the people due to bulling. It can cause to
anxiety and depression, which consist of several signs such as increased feeling of sadness,
loneliness. May occur changes in the different aspects such as loss of sleep and eating pattern,
reduce in the interest in the different activities people like to enjoy. Other than that may also
cause to the heath complains such as tension, diabetes, headache etc. With that it can reduce in
academic achievement of the people such less exam, GPA and test score. Or it may happen that
children can leave, skip or drop the school. This is not the fault of the individual, no person have
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the right to bully the other individual. It may happen that children of the disability feels that they
are making new friends of them, but it may happen that these friends are making fun of them.
Different risk and practice factors that are associated with the bulling
According to the view of Müller and Bulling, (2018) there are different risk factors that
are associated with the bulling as there are different types of bulling so that can cause many risks
to the individual. Most of child are at the risk for bulling which can be occur anywhere like
suburbs, cities, small towns etc. Depending on the environment, some group for example
lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender or questioning (LGBTQ) youth, youth with disabilities, and
socially isolated youth are the one which may be at an enhanced risk of being bullied. When the
children are being bullied, they may have several types of risk such as they may be perceived
distinguished from the other people which include lightweight, underweight, wearied clouting,
wearing glasses, when the person have recently joined the school etc. Other than that there is
another risk, that is he or she is assumes and the week or not able to prevent to be bullied. With
that there is risk that the targeted person can be anxious, depressed and low self esteem. The
people who are facing bully then it may increase the risk of reducing the popularity and friends.
The risk may occur that targeted person can not able to get with the others, seen as provoking
and annoying or can antagonize with the others for making attention.
In the contradicting view of Khamis and Alt, (2017) there are several risk factors which
can increase in the bulling such as family, individual, school and community factors. There are
several family factors which can indicates the risk of destructive behaviour, ongoing
psychological and behavioural issues, violence etc. this can be arise when the parents have less
control over their child. Or the individual have poor role model, lack of warmth. With that
different characteristics of the family can increase the risk of bully. When it is concerned about
the lack parental control, then the discipline of the parents are inconsistent which based on the
moods of parents rather than that behaviour of the children. Sometimes it may happen that
parents can become over demanding and not giving to what the children are demanding. Other
than that it may happens that parents have very less monitoring on their child behaviour and
different activities. These are the parents factors which may increase the risk of bulling. When it
comes to the poor role modelling, then it may happens that it may exposure to the child domestic
violence and abuse in the home. Parental conflict or disharmony can also enhance the risk of
bully. Other than that it may happens that parents can give some harsh punishment to the child in
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order to punish them for their any wring deed, or if the child is being perceived negatively or
being rejected by the members of the family. If any poor bonding can occur between the child
and their parents. These all factors can increase the risk of bully by the child. When it is
concerned about the other family factors then if the family is socially isolated and not having
support from the outside. If there is any stress that are linked when the parent's separation or
divorce. Of the family have less social and economic resources such as eduction, income,
occupation etc.
According to the view of Sattar and Bulling, (2017) other than that personal factors are
also one of the factors which can increase the risk of bully. Such as when the child have poor
impulse control, sowing the sensation seeking attitude, display the early persistent behavioural
issues. On the other hand when the child show the different signs of attention deficit, anger,
anxiety, disorder, depression. With that if the child is included in the antisocial or any illegal
behavioural such as consuming alcohol, drugs, lying to their parents, staying out of the night,
carrying any weapon such as Knife, gum etch with them. If the child is not able to solve his or
her problems even very small issue or blame others for their mistakes.
In the contradicting view of Werner and Bulling, (2017) other than that school and
community factors are also some issues which can cause the risk to the bully. When the child id
not able to score good in their academic, fail to attempt any activity, low commitment to the
school, not able to complete the homework given by the teacher. Other than that when the child
is being rejected by the classmates or group or being ignored to be the part of group. If the child
is being socialising with their classmate or group mate which are in the favour of bulling these
activities are called as the bulling.
According the view of Zhang and Bulling, (2017) there are several ways by which it can
be determined the risk of bully. One is that if the nature and prevalence of the bulling behaviour
is being identified such as the frequency or intensity of the bulling, history or bulling,
generalisation and seriousness of the bulling or effects of the bulling behaviour. If there is
existence in the family risk aspects such lack of parents control, lack of warmth, poor role
models etc. other than that if there is increase in the individual risk factors such as problems in
behaviour, ADHD, antisocial attitude, persistent early behaviour problems. With that if there is
increase in the incidence of community and school such as deviant peers, school failure, low
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academics score etc. other than that existing protective factors and the family's capacity to
reduce risk such as parenting knowledge, social connectedness, concrete resources, etc.
Different strategies by which bulling can be prevented
According the view of Sweet and Bulling, (2017) there are several ways by which
bulling can be prevented, first of all children and disable people need to be aware what is bulling
and what are the different kinds of bulling. Parents, teachers and other people should need to
educate the child and make them understand that what is bulling. They need to communicate
about the bulling and helps them to take the safety steps so that they can help themselves to
prevent from the bulling. Parents and teachers need to say that bulling is unacceptable and if they
accept it then they are also the partner of crime or misconduct. With that parents need to make
sure that their kinds can helps themselves when these activities are conducted. With that
communication lined need to open so that child can share their bad experience of bulling ask
some recommendation in order to prevent from the bulling in the future. Open communicate
helps the child to share their view openly without any hesitation. In this situation parents and
teachers need to become and behave as a friend of the targeted person so that he or she can able
to share his or her views properly.
In the contradicting view of Karessli and Bulling, (2017) school and parents need to
encourage their child in order to do what they want to do or love to do. Child need to be
motivated to take part in different activities, their hobbies. Other than they also need to be
guided in order to take initiatives for doing volunteer, play sports, sing the song, join the school
club, youth groups etc. this will help the child to involve in the different activities and group
where they find the people of same interest. This will help them to build confidence and
friendship in order to protect themselves from the bulling.
As per the view of Stei and Bulling, (2018) another strategy which helps the targeted
person to prevent themselves from the bulling is work in the community. Bulling can be avoided
when the people work in the commitment and the power of that community helps the person to
be prevented from the bullying. Community tries to find the different ways and strategies by
which they can prevent child from the bulling. Other than that this will help the child to develop
their skills in which they are lacking so that they can take strict action again the bulling. This
will change the attitudes of adults and youth who tolerate bullying behaviours in peer groups,
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schools, and communities. There are several other benefits that can be occurred when the people
are working together. It is being known that bulling usually occurs in the school, then the
community members use their effective strength and skills in order to prevent the students from
the bulling. They design some t-shirt on which some slogans are written in order to prevent from
the bulling. They also reason some books regarding the bulling and then discuss with the
students. Listening the different message regarding the prevention of bulling, fill the courage
among to students and adults in order to protect themselves from the bulling.
In the contradicting view of Zhangand Bulling, (2017) parents are one who plays very
significant role in preventing their child from the bulling. There are several resources which can
be used by the parents so that they can help their child in order to fight against the bulling.
Parents need to identify the warning signs to find that whether their child have been involved in
the bulling. First of all parents need to identify that what are the behavioural and emotional
changes that are taking place in their child. Sometimes it may happens that child don't want to let
their parents know what they are going through. So it is the responsibility of the parents to
identify by their behaviour, actions, felling, changes etc. further, they should become friend of
their child and ask them in soft manner that what problems they are facing. This will help the
child to communicate with parents and let them know that they are being bulled. In such
condition parents should need to identity what kind of bulling is conducting with their child and
then collect proper information and strategies to solve their problems. The first step is to make a
plan in order to respond and prevent from the bulling. Plan should consist the different reason
that why the child is being bulling, how frequently it is happening, what are the different risk
associated and how does it effect the child.
As per the view of Zhang and Gellersen, (2017) In case of cyber bulling, there are some
other strategies, it is necessary for the child to take any lawful action against the bulling person.
Such as inform nearing police station, cyber crime station etc. So that these authorities can take
any strict action against the same. Need to keep the proper evidence of the cyber bulling, need to
record the time, date and specification of the incident when the cyber crime is being occurred.
Further, take the snapshots of emails, text message etc. and then use these evidence in order to
report for the cybercrime.
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Discussion
From the above literature review, it has been identified that bulling is very much bad
practices which can harm the physical and mental ability and willingness of the targeted person.
Other than that it can happen that a person who is facing bulling can commit suicide. With that
there are different types of cyber crimes such as verbal, physical emotional, sexual, violence,
discrimination, cyber bulling etc. When it is concerned about the verbal bulling, then it can hurt
the emotions and felling of the individual (Khamis and Bulling, 2017). It is conducted by calling
the bad names, teasing by giving title to the targeted individual. These types of activities is
generally occurred in the schools, because the child are not that much matured that they can
understand that what the targeted person is felling from their verbal bulling. There are several
ways by which it can be prevented such as letting them the people that he or she is not liking the
billing practices made by them and if it is not being stopped that any strict action can be taken,
other than that targeted person can have communication to the bulling people in order to ask
them what is their problem (Stei and Bulling, 2018).
Other than that physical bulling is also one of the bulling is very much harmful and
dangerous for the targeted people. It can cause many problems such as disability, physical issues
etc. it is way where one person show his or her power on the other individual by harming their
body. Different types of physical bulling is kicking, hitting, punching, slapping, shoving, and
other physical attacks (Zhangand Bulling, 2017). This type of bulling is very much easy for the
targeted individual to identify, this is because it has direct impact over the physical body of the
person. Other than that this type of bulling is being called as the ragging, when it is being
occurred in the schools. In order to prevent these types of bulling, school need to take some strict
action against the ragging and when the student is taking admission in the school, anti ragging
form need to be signed by every individual (Zhang and Gellersen, 2017).
With that cyber bulling is one of the dangerous bulling from all the types of bulling. This
is because it spread immediately and have very bad impact over the image of targeted individual.
This type of bulling is being conducted via phone, computers, laptop with the internet and social
media platform like Facebook, Instagram, Twitter etc. Other than that there are several others types
of cyber bulling such as sending bad emails, text to the other person (Khamis and Bulling, 2017).
This is the most common type f bulling in the current time, this is the time of technology and every
individual use different technological platforms. This type of bully is very much harmful because
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one post can spoil the life of target people as it spread very easy and fast. Most of the time, this type
of bully is being done in order to take the revenge or making fun of the individual. This is because
most of the people are available on the social media pages (Steil and Bulling, 2018).
On the other hand sexual bulling is also one of the bulling which have great impact over the
emotions and felling of the targeted people. Most of the time girls are one who are being sexually
bulling by the boys (Zhang and Bulling, 2018). Boys tries to send some bad message to the girls such
as sex chatting, sex images etc. they forcefully ties to hurt the girls by doing these activities. Most of
time it happens that when the girl and boy are in the relationship, boy ask female to send her images.
But after the break up, boy use that images for wrong purpose (Alechina and Nguyen, 2017).
These all are the different type of bully which are being conducted by the people. Thus
targeted person need to have proper information about the same such as what is bully, different types
of bully, preventive actions, different strategies etc. so that targeted person can prevent himself or
herself from the different types of bullies (Sattar and Fritz, 2017). Such as parents should have
proper knowledge about the bully and different types of bully so that they can prevent their child. In
case of cyber bully, strict action should be taken with proper evidence.
Conclusion and recommendation
Conclusion
It can be concluded from the report that bully is the forceful conduct made by the
individual to in order harm the targeted person emotionally or physically with the different types
of bully. It is being known that most of the time child and disable people are being bulled by the
other person (Bulling and Schmidt, 2017). This is because one person shows his or her superior
power over the other in order to prove its superiority. When it comes to the jokes or bad names
are being cracked by the other person, targeted individual tries to ignore it. This is because, it
may leads to increase in the conflict or dispute (Müller and Bulling, 2018). This is the reason
most of the people ignore this type of activities and keep their mind state stable.
In the event of physical bully, when the individual can't secure himself or herself, at that
point is been as a rule physically pestered by the other individual. More often than not it happens
that when the kid purposefully touch the young girl in terrible way in the school, it is
additionally a physical bully (Khamis and Alt, 2017). Other than that when the youngster is
week or lack of healthy sustenance and can not ensure himself or herself to be hit by the other
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individual, all things considered it is physically bully. If there should arise an occurrence of
impair individual, he or she isn't willing to ensure, he or she can be physically hassled by the
other one. One individual tries to demonstrate his or her energy on other individual and tries to
demonstrate his or her prevalence (Sattar and Bulling, 2017). Frequently it occurs in the school
and universities that when there is some new affirmation then the present understudies give some
awful errand to them which can physically hurt the focused on individual. This is likewise a sort
of physical bulling and furthermore called as ragging.
Recommendation
It is being recommend from the report that targeted individual need to take the several
steps in order to prevent himself or herself from the different activities of bully. Other
recommendations are as follows:
 Child and disable need to have proper knowledge and understanding about the bully and
different types of bully so that he can be prevented against it.
 Other than that every child and disable individual need to have proper understand and
information about the different laws related to the bully so that he or she can take strict
action on the spot.
 Bully can not be ignored, this is because this type of behaviour is continuous, once the
individual find interest in it, he or she will not stop them. This is the reason targeted
individual need not to ignore the same and need to prevent from the bully.
 Parents need to become friends of their child so that open communication can take place
between both of the parties. This will help the parents to understand to problems of their
child. As well as it will help the child to have easy and fair communication with their
parents.
 Proper rules and expectation need to be created for the bully such as rules need to be
positive terms, it need to be made according to the age.
 All the rules need to be communicated and understand by the teachers to the child so that
they can easily prevent to bully.
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 Other than that people need to engage in the different community who are working to
reduce bully. This will serve proper knowledge and courage to the targeted people to
fight against the bully.
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REFERENCES
Books and Journal
Alechina, N and Nguyen, H.N., 2017. The virtues of idleness: A decidable fragment of resource
agent logic. Artificial Intelligence. 245. pp.56-85.
Bulling, P. and Schmidt, G., 2017. Stepsize Control for Acoustic Feedback Cancellation Based
on the Detection of Reverberant Signal Periods and the Estimated System Distance. Proc.
Interspeech 2017. pp.176-180.
Bulling, P., Linhard, K., Wolf, A. and Schmidt, G., 2017. Approximation of the Optimum
Stepsize for Acoustic Feedback Cancellation Based on the Detection of Reverberant Signal
Periods. Deutsche Jahrestagung für Akustik (DAGA), Kiel.
Karessli, N. and Bulling, A., 2017, July. Gaze embeddings for zero-shot image classification. In
Proc. of the IEEE International Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition
(CVPR).
Khamis, M. and Alt, F., 2017, June. GTmoPass: two-factor authentication on public displays
using gaze-touch passwords and personal mobile devices. In Proceedings of the 6th ACM
International Symposium on Pervasive Displays. ACM.
Khamis, M. and Alt, F., 2017, November. GazeTouchPIN: protecting sensitive data on mobile
devices using secure multimodal authentication. In Proceedings of the 19th ACM
International Conference on Multimodal Interaction. ACM.
Khamis, M. and Bulling, A., 2017, October. EyeScout: Active Eye Tracking for Position and
Movement Independent Gaze Interaction with Large Public Displays. In Proceedings of
the 30th Annual ACM Symposium on User Interface Software and Technology. ACM.
Khamis, M. and Bulling, A., 2018. Understanding Face and Eye Visibility in Front-Facing
Cameras of Smartphones used in the Wild.
Müller, P. and Bulling, A., 2018. Detecting Low Rapport During Natural Interactions in Small
Groups from Non-Verbal Behaviour. arXiv preprint arXiv:1801.06055.
Sattar, H. and Bulling, A., 2017. Visual Decoding of Targets During Visual Search From
Human Eye Fixations. arXiv preprint arXiv:1706.05993.
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Sattar, H. and Fritz, M., 2017. Predicting the Category and Attributes of Visual Search Targets
Using Deep Gaze Pooling. In Proceedings of the IEEE Conference on Computer Vision
and Pattern Recognition.
Steil, J. and Bulling, A., 2018. Forecasting User Attention During Everyday Mobile Interactions
Using Device-Integrated and Wearable Sensors. arXiv preprint arXiv:1801.06011.
Steil, J. and Bulling, A., 2018. PrivacEye: Privacy-Preserving First-Person Vision Using Image
Features and Eye Movement Analysis. arXiv preprint arXiv:1801.04457.
Sweet, M. and Bulling, M., 2017. Designer reefs and coral probiotics: great concepts but are
they good practice?. Biodiversity. 18(1). pp.19-22.
Sweet, M. J. and Bulling, M., 2017. Evidence for rapid, tide-related shifts in the microbiome of
the coral Coelastrea aspera. Coral Reefs. 36(3). pp.815-828.
Werner, E. and Bulling, D., 2017. Identification of geometric deviations of a motion guide in a
coordinate-measuring machine or in a machine tool. U.S. Patent Application 15/477,522.
Wood, E. and Bulling, A., 2017. GazeDirector: Fully Articulated Eye Gaze Redirection in
Video. arXiv preprint arXiv:1704.08763.
Zhang, X. and Bulling, A., 2017, July. It’s written all over your face: Full-face appearance-based
gaze estimation. In Proc. IEEE International Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern
Recognition Workshops (CVPRW).
Zhang, X. and Bulling, A., 2017, October. Everyday eye contact detection using unsupervised
gaze target discovery. In Proceedings of the 30th Annual ACM Symposium on User
Interface Software and Technology. ACM.
Zhang, X. and Bulling, A., 2018. Training Person-Specific Gaze Estimators from User
Interactions with Multiple Devices.
Zhang, Y. and Gellersen, H., 2017. Look together: using gaze for assisting co-located
collaborative search. Personal and Ubiquitous Computing. 21(1). pp.173-186.
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