Human Resource Development Strategies

This assignment delves into the realm of human resource development (HRD), examining diverse strategies employed to enhance employee skills and knowledge. It investigates the impact of e-learning, informal learning, and professional learning communities on individual and organizational performance. Drawing upon academic sources, students analyze the effectiveness of these HRD approaches in contemporary work environments.

HUMAN RESOURCE DEVELOPMENT
Table of Contents
Introduction......................................................................................................................................3
LO1..................................................................................................................................................3
AC1.1 Comparison of various learning styles.................................................................................3
AC1.2 Explanation the role of learning curve and the importance of transferring learning...........4
AC1.3 Assessing the learning styles and theories...........................................................................5
LO2..................................................................................................................................................6
AC2.1 Comparison of training needs of an organisation................................................................6
AC2.2 Assessing the advantages and the disadvantages of training methods.................................6
AC2.3 Systematic approaches for training and development..........................................................7
LO3..................................................................................................................................................8
AC3.1 Preparation of evaluation plan with the help of techniques.................................................8
AC3.2 Evaluation of training event.................................................................................................9
AC3.3 review of evaluation methods..............................................................................................9
LO4................................................................................................................................................10
AC4.1 Role of government............................................................................................................10
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AC4.2 Impact of competency movement......................................................................................11
AC4.3 Assessing the process of UK government training initiatives for HR development..........12
Conclusion.....................................................................................................................................12
Reference list.................................................................................................................................14
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Introduction
Human resource development can be considered as the substructure, which assists the employees
of the business organisations to incorporate organisational skills, knowledge and capabilities
within themselves. Numerous opportunities for training and development are included in the
human resource development of the business firms. The main concentration of the department
lies in developing the professionals in such a way that they can fulfil the targets of the ventures.
Formal training sessions or guiding the employees in the workplace can be taken as the prior
process this department to improve the skills of the employees. There should remain a friendly
and cordial atmosphere in the workplace so that human resource department can perform their
task perfectly. In order understand the topic properly; human resource development of Mark&
Spencer is discussed in the following task. Mark & Spencer is a glorifying name in the UK
fashion retail sector and served large section of people in the society. It prepares attires according
to the demand of the customers thus, maintaining a proper brand image among people.
Figure: Logo of Mark and Spencer
(Source: Marksandspencer.com, 2017)
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LO1
AC1.1 Comparison of various learning styles (compare learning styles eg.
KOLB, VARK, Honey and Mumford choose any two)
The term learning style refers to the range of conceptual framework or theories that help people
in enhancing their knowledge. All the learning theories are equally important and it plays a vital
role in making people of the organisation more effective and efficient for the work. Different
learning styles have different approaches. Behaviourism theory is one of the most important
theories that are related to human behaviour, whereas cognitive theory is completely
psychological. On the other hand, Delahaye(2015, p.200) argued that constructivism theory is the
most effective among all the learning theories because it helps people in constructing their own
observation or understanding by experiencing different things.
In Behaviourism theory, the learners can actively respond and it can help to become concern
about human behaviour rather than feeling and thinking (Sparrowet al. 2016, p.336). The main
purpose of Behaviourism theory is to focus on the main objectives of behaviour component. In
case of trainee, if the objectives are clear then it helps them to gather more knowledge and skills,
which are an important factor.
According to Storey(2014, p.552), cognitive theory is a complicated process for learning and
solving problems. It is a kind of psychological process, which helps to gather knowledge for an
individual. This theory is completely different from Behaviourism theory. According to
Armstrong and Taylor(2014, p.445), constructivism theory is one of the most active learning
processes. This is an active process of learning and it is not about gathering knowledge, so it is
different from the above two theories of Cognitive and Behaviourist theory. In behaviourism and
cognitive theory, people can gather knowledge but in Constructivism theory, the process is
completely different (Purce, 2014, p.18).Moreover, all these theories are effective enough for
making staffs and trainees efficient for business industries. In case of using learning styles, all
these three theories can be helpful.
Marks and Spencer’s in theory organisation evidently uses the support of the Kolb’s learning
studies in the organisation. The workers of the organiation have concrete information regarding
the process and the work of the organisation. They reflect upon the operation of the organisation
and then manage the opportunity of the organisation for the smooth development. The
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experiences of the workers of and the leaders are then put into test for the smooth development
of the organisation. Active experimentation is then implemented by the workers of the
organisation.
On the other hand the Marks and Spencer’s also implements the VARK learning g style for the
smooth understanding of the situation and the proper dealing of the operation in the organisation.
In the organisation of, Marks and Spencer’s there are situation of people who prefer the
visualisation of the workers of the organisation worked and make the charts, diagrams as the
sup[port of understanding the views. In Marks and Spencer’s there are the abundance of the
people who rely on the reading and writing opportunity for the better support of the
organisational development in the best way possible
AC1.2 Explanation the role of learning curve and the importance of
transferring learning
The learning curve can help to make relationship between the time span of learning and the level
of achievement. It helps to increase the time and efforts for a given task with fewer steps. The
learning curve has been known as cost curves and effective curves. In case of taking any
important decision, learning is relevant. The decisions for business industries including pricing,
workforce schedule, capital requirement and incentives structure in all these process learning
curves can be effective. It has positive impact on business organisations and it helps to motivate
staffs during learning process.(explain the relationship between time spent and knowledge
acquired) how can you increase the K/S in given time.
The relation between the spent knowledge and the acquired knowledge marks the need of parity
as on cannot support another soul without having proper source of knowledge and information.
Transfer learning is all about to utilise previous lessons from training and participation in new
business criteria. Transfer learning can be divided into positive and negative. At first stage of
transfer, learning is an easy process to influence the performer at new situation. Transfer learning
can help to deal with critical situation of the performer. Previous skills and experience can help
to solve any critical situation and it helps to face new criteria of given situation. The positive
effects are like people can be more expert and efficient in their job due to their previous skills
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and knowledge. Staffs can make themselves stronger than ever. It helps to understand new job
from different point of view. Moreover, it helps to update new skills.
The negative impact of transfer learning can make the situation more complicated (Renwicket al.
2013, p.2). In case of previous experience of failure to deal with any critical situation or work
could make present task less effective. On the other hand, wrong impressions can be harmful to
staffs to deal with any new situations.(add near vs. far transfer as well) and neutral transfer
The near transfer marks the transaction with the customers and the suppliers of the organization.
The far transaction marks the use of the organisation with the long terms customers and the
online suppliers and customers
AC1.3 Assessing the learning styles and theories
Different learning theories and styles can help to the managers of business industries to make
effective planning as well as designing the event of training and learning.
Behaviourism theory deals with human behaviour. Management of organisations need to identify
the different behaviour and based on behaviour of the staffs and trainee, learning or training must
be designed (Kehoe and Wright, 2013, p.370). It helps to focus on the objectives of the learning
or training of the organisations. At the beginning of training, this theory can help to understand
the entire objective of training or learning. It helps the management to conduct training more
effectively. Apart from these learners and the trainee can collect outline of the entire training.
Therefore, staffs and trainee can gather more skills and knowledge. On the other hand, this
theory helps to learners to make actively responded during training session.
Cognitive theory deals with the psychological aspect of human nature. According to Tomé and
Susabowska(2013, p.15), cognitive theory deals with the skills of problem-solving ability,
imaginations power, perception of the people as well. In an organisation, management can design
training based on perception, ability to staffs and imagination power. First management of the
organisation must identify all the psychological aspect of staffs. Therefore, it can help to make
training process and strategy more efficient.
Constructivism theory deals with active learning process where the staffs of an organisation can
learn more skill instead of collecting information and knowledge. Managers of the industries can
select those active participants, who can be active respondents for learning new skills and
knowledge. Moreover, management of companies must have the knowledge about the learning
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theory that can help to maximise the potential of learners.Therefore,those trainees can achieve
the objectives that are set by the industries.
LO2
AC2.1 Comparison of training needs of an organisation(Add headings and
subheadings)
Operational level staff
In case of operational level staff of Mark & Spencer for developing technical knowledge and
skill, it is very important to provide them with some effective training about handling
technology. At present time,usages of advanced technology are an essential part of every
business industries (Marsick and Watkins, 2015, p.458). In case of old staffs of an industry and
for new employees, it is very important to provide training so that those staffs can be efficient
enough for the company.
Top management
On the other hand,developing skills for the employees is a majorarea of concern for the top
management of the corporation. For improving communication skills of staffs, it is required to
provide them proper training so that they can deal with their customers accurately. In case of
making communication with customers, who are unable to speak, effective training must be
given to employees. Moreover, to learn about the goal and objectives of a company, an
individual need proper training and during training sessions, objectives of an organisation must
be stated (Marksandspencer.com, 2017).
Middle management
Apart from these in case of middle management staffs that mainly monitor and organise the
entire organisation for them training is essential. For effective monitoring process and
organising, the task of a company staff must have the capacity and ability to perform well.
Trained staff can put their best effort in workplace (Clark and Mayer, 2016, p.478). On the other
hand, for developing skills and knowledge on job training could be included for the betterment of
an organisation.Furthermore, for senior management staffs, who mainly deal with various
strategic issues, for them developing their skill and knowledge, would be extra advantages for an
industry. It is very important to provide them training for improving their skills and knowledge.
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Training can help them more effective to deal with critical issues.Training is a vital part for all
the department of a company to become more competent in their respective task.
AC2.2 Assessing the advantages and the disadvantages of training
methods(Stick to Behavioural and cognitive methods)
According to Kolb(2014, p.526), in the business industries, there are mainly four type of training
methods such as lecture method and partial methods.Partial methods areessential part of giving
training. Apart from these case study and mixed methods of training can be included. In Mark &
Spencer, all these above-stated methods are used and the advantages and disadvantages are stated
below-
Lecture method of training is a useful process for business industries (Freemanet al. 2013,
p.132). In this process of training staffs or trainers are seated in a room where a trainer provide
lecture on a board or by PowerPoint slides. The main advantage of this process is that a larger
number of staffs can be accommodated at the same time and it saves the cost of training for the
company. On the other hand,this training is applicable for production work but there would be no
options for any laboratory demonstration, which is one of the main disadvantages of this training.
A practical method of training helps to demonstrate the technique and knowledge for trainees.
Trainees can observe the technique and can acquire knowledge. In this process of training staffs
and the tribes can make their confusions clear by making questions to the trainer. The main
advantage of this process is that it helps to motivate and encourage staffs and trainees. The main
disadvantage is that it is not applicable during decision-making time.Case study training process
is a situation that would be given to the trainers and they have to solve it (Huffman et al. 2014,
p.10). This process is applicable for each individual. The advantage of this process is that it
involves less cost and it can be applied for decisions-making process. It can assist in increasing
the capacity of the managers for enhancing their decision-making ability. The limitation of this
training is that it cannot be applied upon worker. The mixed training process is the most
interesting where different type of training methods can be included. It helped to develop the
skills of trainees. The advantage of this process of training is that it helps to provide training in a
much-uncomplicated way. The disadvantage is not at all cost-efficient and is very time-
consuming. It can make the business operation statement.
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The cognitive behaviour of psychological factors in the organisation of Marks and Spencer’s has
been in terms of better supporting the behaviour, feeling and thoughts.
AC2.3 Systematic approaches for training and development(customize to
M&S new hire training approach)
A systematic approach is an important factor for a training event. Some stages are needed to be
included in a systematic approach. A rational approach helps to identify the aim and objectives
of Mark & Spencer is systematic approach. All the stages can help to implement the training
program of the industry. Aim of the business organisations would be the first priority (Burke and
Noumair, 2015, p.126). The main aim of the organisation must dominate the market by reducing
product price and making best quality of product. For achieving this aim, the business industry
would like to make their product quality effectively as per the need and demand of customers.
Cost of the products need to be effective than other companies.
Training set up is the second level for systematic approach. Business processes of the
organisation have been identified their marketing agents and the employees for making product
must be effective enough. Therefore, the managers of the organisation have decided to give
proper training in both the department of this company. The management has clear idea that if
these two departments are not effective enough then it becomes difficult to achieve their goal.
Designing the process of training must be the third level of systematic approach. In this stage, the
organisation would demonstrate their strategy of training for the employees about cost
management and how to run successfully a product in market. In this stage, all the process of
marketing must be shown in a PowerPoint slide. In this stage, the organisation must consider the
effectiveness of budget and training events. Implementation of training event would be the final
stage. In this stage, the industry developed their training events. The new hiring method of M&S
is in terms of the situation is based on the providing of information regarding the job opportunity
and cost analysis for the operation of the organisation.
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LO3
AC3.1 Preparation of evaluation plan with the help of techniques (Week 6
slides) choose one of the models
Evaluation of training program is all about measuring the efficiency of the training. It is very
important to evaluate the conducted training. There are many ways for evaluating the training
event by Mark & Spencer. The main aim of evaluation would be whether the training process is
properly executed or not. The performance of the staff is improved or not is another concern of
evaluation. After all the assessment of the above-stated factors, it must be considered that where
new training would be needed or not for further improvement by the company.
For making the evaluation process effectively, it needs to design an efficient plan by HR
manager of the industry for evaluating training process. As a human resource manager, the first
aim would be to observe the entire training session and it needs to gather the data about
personnel performance. Moreover, in next stage as a manager, it is vital part to observe the
staff's' performance up to two weeks and then it is an important factor to make plan for gathering
feedback from those staffs who participated in the training programme. In case of collecting
feedback as an HR manager of the Mark & Spencer, it is very important to set up a bunch of
questionnaire. In addition to this, conversation with the staffs of the firm can be done so that
their motives can be clearly understood.Now HR manager is ready to make proper evaluation
and it just needs to start the process of evaluation.
AC3.2 Evaluation of training eventthe training methods you used in AC 2.3,
you need to customise the evaluation plan for them so if it was role playing
evaluate that
This is a practical step for HR and it is taken for making evaluation. Human Resource
management of Mark & Spencer must consider all the feedbacks.
Reaction of the participants-
This process can be said an immediate assessment by the trainers of the industry. It is an
important factor to observe the reaction of the trainees. Based on reaction, it must be identified
and understood effectiveness and efficiency of training events. As a result, HR management can
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get positive response from the training session. It helps to understand the effectiveness of
training.
Acquisition of knowledge is another option for feedback. The HR team can measure about the
factor of gathering knowledge from training session by making immediate questions to the
participants. After asking questions, most of the learners have made positive response and they
have given appropriate answers. As a result, HR manager of Mark & Spencer has decided that
knowledge collectionmethod is extremely beneficial after training session.
The behavioural application is a vital part of gathering feedback from trainees of Mark &
Spencer. After training process is over it is important to identify whether the approaches of
trainees have changed or not. Here the overall process is eye catching so it can be said that
training sessions have helped to improve a lot.
Improvement measurement of Mark & Spencer can help to know the performance of the
industry. After observing up to two weeks, it has been seen that the cost of goods has been under
control. The production department of Mark & Spencer is doing their work accordingly so that
the aims of the organisation are met properly. After the training sessions are over, it has been
observed that marketing agents have increased the sales of goods. Moreover, the customer's
feedback were also changed regarding the products of Mark & Spencer. Finally, it is an
important factor to compare the result of after training and previous training standards. This
stage is the final steps for evaluation that produced impressive aftermaths.
The training plan of the organisation is based on the cumulative evaluation of the need of thre
people need in the training program of the organisation.
AC3.3 review of evaluation methods(evaluate the approaches you took in 3.2,
observation performance appraisals
The HR troupe of Mark & Spencer evaluated the training sessions of properly so that they can be
able to understand the employees’ reaction after the training. Ford (2014, p.196) opined that
training session is conducted in order to develop the interpersonal skills of the staffs. Training
tenure is directly related to the accession of the knowledge therefore, evaluation process helped
in gaining better results. The major criteria were to meet the targets of the business by
maintaining the quality of the product. M & S was able to make the alteration in the business
processes accordingly so that profit can be guaranteed at the end of the business. When the
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existing data of M & S was compared with new data, the graph showed a rise in the revenue.
Thus, it can be stated that training process helped in the enhancement of the profit of the
business. Moreover, feeling of the trainees was also understood after the completion of the
evaluation process of the training. Beadleset al.(2015, p.10) commented that training can be
considered as the most effective way of keeping competitive business among the rivalries. Mark
& Spencer was able to accomplish the same for their betterment in the global market
(Marksandspencer.com, 2017).
LO4
AC4.1 Role of government
Wilton(2016, p.556) mentioned that the government plays anindispensable role in assisting
people of the countries so that people can flourish more in the area of their career or studies. In
Mark & Spencer, presence of human resource is essential because it helps in making change in
the attitudes among the employees of the firm. Government is the premier body that contributed
to the development of the employees of the organisations. It is seen that government has
undertaken various norms that aids in generating common culture among the people. As a result,
people dfo not feel isolated from the society and they want to work eagerly for the sake of the
organisation. It is one of the major responsibilities of the government bodies that they monitor
the entire working process of the organisations (Romiszowski, 2016, p.896). This will help the
administration to understand what rules can be incorporated so that people can be benefited.
That is why; HR policy is implemented in the business firms, which ensures people that an HR
need to work hard in order to enhance the capabilities of the employees in the workplace.
Government raises large funds for the business ventures so that they can continue their working
process properly and common people can be benuefited by that. For example, New look has
taken the help of the government to implement funding in their industry for providing training to
the professionals in thye workplace. Administration has taken various steps to promote HR study
for every individual so that they can find interest in the study of human resource development
(Sessa and London, 2015, p.496). Moreover, council has made rules and regulations in order to
create an enthusiastic work environment for all the employees. It is seen that government is
providing a great helping hand to the business organisation so that they can flourish more at the
end of their business. In addition to this, enhancement in the human resource development is
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being improvised more so that they can be able to generate pcerfect quality professionals in the
workplace.
AC4.2 Impact of competency movementpublic sector and private sector
Competency can be described as the capability of the completing any task properly so that proper
competition can be maintained in the market (Snellet al. 2015, p.256). The private and public
sectors are tremendously influenced by the competency movement because they have started
sharing knowledge so that they can enhance the competency amongk the peers. In order to
eradicate the disadvantages, both these sectors are trying to improve their performances in the
business field. The organisations are trying to renovate their pattern of working so that everyone
canprovide superior service to the customers. All these business corporations are trying to
maintain friendly working atmosphere for providing immense competition in the competitive
market. They are concentrating on their performance in the market and giving huge efforts to
enhance their working procedures. Daradoumiset al.(2013, p.210) mentioned that public
companies are reforming their human resource development so that the staffs can perform much
better in their workplace.
It is seen that the public sectors have maintained many low standards than the private sectors. In
order to maintain good competition in market, public sectors are trying to make numerous
changes in their organisational structure. On the other hand, M & S has kept enormous salary
packages for their employees so that they can work with more interest for the company. The
competency movement has entirely changed the pattern of working for every business house. It
is required that the training needs to be provided in a way that will help the employees to cope up
with the high competition of the market (Fallon and Brown, 2016, p.885). That is why;
competency movement contributed greatly to the trade and commerce of the business
corporations. As the administration is helping the business sectors to expand their services for
more number of people, both private and public corporations are putting efforts in their business
in order to reach large sections of people in the society. This helped in retaining good
competition among the rivals in global market.
In terms of public sector the competency development are not taken much strongly, the strong
initialisation of the competitive changes in the organisation.
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On the other hand, the supports of the organisation change in the private organisation are of
greater use.
AC4.3 Assessing the process of UK government training initiatives for HR
development
UK government has introduced contemporary learning system so that the government can foster
development in the human resource of both private and public ventures (Sigelman and Rider,
2014, p.447). This process helped in improving the skills of the staffs and workers of the firms.
Progression in commerce and refinement in various organisational factors are smoothening with
the help of contemporary learning. The employees of Mark & Spencer have made themselves
prepared in the way such that they can adapt to the advanced changes of the company. Moreover,
the customer's expectation has also increased because of the changes in the company’s elements.
As a result, the organisation is evolving constantly in order to make good contribution to the
market competition. Salmon(2013, p.789) stated that training process conducted by the
administration helped in making the employees fit for any type of challenges that can come in
the way of success of business.
Similarly, the fashion retail is also preparing their employees so that the retailer can be able to
sustain the market competition easily. Moreover, government has offered different learning
range like qualitative and quantitative for human resource development of business organisations
of UK. This led to improving the performance of the employees in the enterprise, therefore,
attaining the goals of the enterprise. Reflexion methods that were initiated by the government are
useful for the human resource development so that they can make staffs competent (Chivaet al.
2014, p.690). This is beneficial for the company because it helped in maintaining good
opposition in the market. Thus, training initiatives contributed immensely to the human resources
of the business firm for their advancement in the fashion retail sector.
Conclusion
From the above study, it can be concluded that human resource development is very important in
the present world. The study related to human resource development made understood clearly
about the concept of training, framework and impact of that framework upon the organisations.
M & S is one of the biggest merchandisers in UK and it holds a strong position in the UK fashion
retail sector. The development of human resource of the enterprise helped in gaining huge profit
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in the global market. Moreover, the employees are very efficient in their tasks and they are more
inclined towards bringing success for the business firm. In addition to that, government
supported the human resource activities of the business firms for ensuring better performance in
their particular business sector. Training is a base for incorporating good skills within the
employees of the organisation. That is why; government tried to improve the human resource
development of the enterprises so that they can be able to bring transformation in trade and
commerce.
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