ICT and Environment in Computer Science

This document discusses the impact of ICT on the environment in the field of Computer Science. It explores the concept of cloud computing, with a focus on Microsoft Windows Azure. The document covers different cloud service models, such as Software as a Service (SaaS), Platform as a Service (PaaS), and Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS). It also discusses the benefits and deployment models of cloud computing.

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ICT and Environment Computer Science
Name
Institution Affiliation
State/city
Date

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Abstract
Cloud computing is the storage of information and data application on remote servers and
accessing them through the internet instead of installing as well as saving it on personal
computers. With the incline in the volume of data availability, it has made it not practical to
move data on desktops for analysis. Therefore, such issues call for novel computing paradigms
such as cloud computing. Recent achievements in the cloud computing industry have provided
users with assurance to get rid of these obstacles. Microsoft has a significant significance
towards the development of data centers for public cloud infrastructure referred to as Microsoft
Windows Azure. Accordingly, Microsoft Windows Azure serves to provide users with setting up
of scientific needs for a website for documentation and discussing research results for
performing complex analysis of data in an ascending environment.
Introduction
Cloud computing is gaining popularity among organisations since it offers a range of benefits
regarding access to data and cost. Cloud computing has been projected to change the computing
environment from making us of local apps as well as software into centralised services offered to
corporations (Canali, Balzarotti, and Francillon, 2013). On the same note cloud computing is
referred to as on-demand computing which is internet-based for offering information in addition
to shared resources to computers and other devices on-demand. Therefore, cloud computing
provides on-demand services to a shared pool of configurable computing resources. Indeed, it
provides consumers with several capacities for processing and storing data in third part centers.
The primary objective of cloud computing is to maximise on the efficiency of shared resources.
Thus, cloud computing aid corporations to evade upfront expenses associated with infrastructure
and focusing on the project which make their business unique as an alternative to infrastructure.

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As a result, cloud computing has become service with high demand because of its benefit of high
computing power reasonable service costs, scalability, high performance, availability, and
accessibility. Most firms have their cloud computing providers. Microsoft Windows Azure is a
cloud computing platform that was launched in 2010 by Microsoft Company. The platform is
significant as it aids in creating, managing and deploying applications and services via
worldwide network operated by Microsoft data centers. Microsoft Windows Azure platform
consists of has exceptional capacity and services. Consequently, the platform offers both
Infrastructure as a service (IaaS) and Platform as a service (Paas) and also provide a range of
tools that support a for programming languages and framework. The platform offers both
Microsoft specific framework and third-party systems and software.
Literature Review
Through the study of a range of journals, related to the research topic, and research papers which
offers significant information. The information comprises different cloud computing services,
aspects, and contemporary issues associated with these systems that go-ahead to provide diverse
solutions to the present problems. As a result, it aids in enhancing and overcoming challenges of
the current approach in future
Voras et al. (2011) Define cloud computing as a model that allows convenient, ubiquitous and
on-demand network accessibility for sharing a pool of computing resources such as servers,
networks, services, applications and storage. Cloud computing allows fast sharing of resources
with minimal management efforts. Windows Azure platform rapidly support the computation of
huge tasks through Roundup algorithm. The roundup algorithm provides computing capacity,
and it is also cost-effective.

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Cloud computing models
Cloud computing services are classified into three principal clusters Software as a Service
(SaaS), platform as a service (PaaS) and Infrastructure as a service (IaaS).
Software as a service (SaaS) is a model through which applications are hosted like service to
users who access it through the Internet. SaaS offers users with the facilities which they have to
take care for maintaining, installing as well as implementing their virtual cluster through which
they are tasked with managing, executing and installing their software (Marinescu, 2013). IaaS
makes use of a range of tools for virtualisation and conversion of physical sources to relevant
resources which are provided and published to users on request.
Platform as a service (PaaS) supplies all the needed resources for developing applications as well
as services using the internet minus the need for downloading or software installing. The PaaS
consists of hosting, development and design applications. Furthermore, PaaS has additional
service such as web service integration, scaling, security and database integration (Smith, 2017).
Therefore, users do not need to worry about buying software and hardware or hiring experts to
manage the hardware and software. PaaS offers the flexibility for software installation on
systems, and scalability. Nonetheless, PaaS does not allow portability and interoperability among
users.
Infrastructure as a service (IaaS) is a model that is tasked with the responsibility to provide
virtual computing resources, and network resources. Therefore, IaaS users have to assemble their
virtual collection thus they have the responsibility to install, execute and maintain their virtual
stack of software. IaaS make use of different tools for converting and virtualizing physical
resources to logical resources which are provided and published to users as requested.

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Figure1: Cloud service models
Types of cloud computing deployment models
Cloud computing systems are categorized into four main classes as public cloud, private cloud,
community cloud, and hybrid cloud.
Public clouds
Public clouds are models that are owned and operated by third party individuals. These groups
provides customers with super economies of scale since the costs of infrastructure are trenched
across a range of users. Public cloud is advantageous because it allows each user to choose a
package that they find it to be pocket-friendly which is commonly referred to as “pay-as-you-go”
(Velte et al., 2010, p. 44). In this sense all users share the same infrastructure pool with restricted
security protections, configurations and variance availability. The infrastructure pool is
controlled and managed by the cloud service provider. Buyya, Broberg, and Goscinski, (2010)

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Asserts that the public cloud is significant as it can be bigger than the enterprises cloud hence
providing the capacity for seamless scalability on request. On the same note, Rahimi et al. (2014)
state that users are regarded as authoritative by default in public cloud thus privacy and security
are major challenges. An example of a public cloud includes Google App Engine and Amazon
EC2.
Private Cloud
In accordance with Modi et al. (2013), private clouds are developed exclusively for one
organization. Private clouds intend to cater for issues concerning data security and providing
control. Therefore, private clouds fall into two categories: on-premise private cloud and
externally hosted private cloud. On-premise private clouds are also referred to as internal clouds
which is hosted inside one’s data center. This type of cloud offers a more standardized
procedures and security. Nonetheless, these procedures and safety are restricted based on the
scalability and size. As a result, the information technology department has to incur operating
costs for physical resources. On-premise private cloud is appropriate for application which have
compete configurations and control of the security and infrastructure. On the other hand,
externally hosted private cloud is a form of private cloud which is hosted externally by the cloud
provider (Chou, DeVadoss, and Erl, 2010). Therefore, it is the cloud provider who provides a
unique cloud setting with completely guaranteed confidentiality. Accordingly, this is a suitable
model as there is no public sharing of resources which interferes with the privacy of users.
Externally hosted private cloud is therefore much secure as compared to public cloud as its
clients comprise of trusted internal to the enterprise. Examples of private cloud include Microsoft
cloud, IBM cloud, and other private organizational clouds.
Community cloud

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Under the community model cloud, the infrastructure is collectively shared by various
enterprises by the same compliance and policy standards. Menascé and Ngo, (2009) Postulate
that the concept aid in minimizing on expenses as compared to the private cloud since it shared
by big groups. Community cloud model is used by government departments which have to
access similar data related to hospitals, and roads for collecting information.
Hybrid cloud
Hybrid is a combination of public and private cloud models. Through the hybrid cloud, the
service provider can make use of a third party cloud supplier either partially and completely
hence it enhances computing flexibility (Buyya, Broberg, and Goscinski, 2011). As a result, the
hybrid cloud setting has a better chance of offering on-demand external scalability provisions.
Deployment model Scope of services Managed by Level of security
Public model Large industry groups
and general public
Cloud service
provider
Low
Private model Single enterprise Single enterprise High
Community model Organizations which
share similar mission,
policy standards, and
security features
Various enterprises or
cloud service
providers
High
Hybrid model Public and
organization
Public and
organization
Medium
Table 1: Comparison between different computing deployment models

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Microsoft Windows Azure
Microsoft Azure is a cloud computing service advanced by Microsoft for testing, building,
managing and deploying different applications and services across global Microsoft-managed
network data centers (Jennings, 2010). Azure offers the following services service software as a
service (SaaS), infrastructure as a service (IaaS) and platform as a service (PaaS) and also
support several frameworks, tools, and programming languages. These service consists of both
Microsoft-specific as well as third-party software and systems.
Service offered by Windows Azure
Computing: According Armbrust et al. (2010) state that through infrastructure as a service (IaaS)
Azure perform virtual computing services using virtual machines which allow consumers to
launch general-purpose Linux and Microsoft Windows virtual machines. It is also possible to
preconfigure machine images for common software packages. Other service performed by Azure
include website hosting which enable web developers to develop sites through PHP, Asp.Net,
and Python and deploy it is via Git, FTP, Team Foundation Server and Mercurial.
Storage services: Storage services offer SDK APIs and REST for data storage and accessibility
to data on the cloud. Similarly, table services allow structured text and binary programs to be
stored as blobs which can be accessed through hypertext transfer protocol (HTTP) paths. In
addition, blob services offer means of security which regulates accessibility to data.
Data management: Azure search offers text search as well as a subset of OData’s framework
filters with the help of SDK APIs.
Discussion

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Platform as a service is picked for the deployment of web service since it provides clients with
the essential tools for developing and deploying applications minus any worries regarding the
development and maintaining the complex infrastructure. While there are different cloud
computing platforms delivered by various corporations, this paper discusses about Windows
Azure which is provided by Microsoft. Azure is a flexible cloud platform for business which
allow for quick deployment, building and managing services and applications (Celesti et al.,
2010, p. 338). The advantage with Azure is that it comes with a range of services for storage,
networking, data, and computing. In other words, Azure offers services for data, networking, and
computing. In accordance to Microsoft’s info-graphic Azure plays a significant role in quick
deployment, building, and management of applications across the international network managed
by Microsoft data centers. It is also possible to construct and run application in any programming
language, framework, and tools using cloud services, virtual machines, and websites.
The application of Azure for purposes of integrating it in infrastructure as a service (IaaS) in
one’s IT setting is a suitable way of getting in motion because it paves the way for platform as a
service (PaaS) as the next logical step. Just like the name suggests PaaS is a platform which
allow users to develop and deploy software (Abuhussein, Bedi, and Shiva, 2012, p. 389). PaaS
provides a conducive surrounding for users to pay attention to development of applications
instead of worrying about the hardware infrastructure. The PaaS takes care of most of the
servers, operating systems and networking matters hence it is suitable for web services.
Creating and deploying a WCF service on Windows Azure
Steps for setting up the environment
Step 1: Installing Microsoft Visual Studio 2017

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Install Visual Studio 2017 with the following workloads:
Azure development
ASP.Net and web development
For installation that is done offload (https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/visualstudio/install/install-
vs-inconsistent-quality-network), the following steps are considered:
1. Download the Visual Studio bootstrapper
2. Run a command line for creating the local cache for “ASP.Net and Web development”
and “Azure development” workloads:
vs_community.exe --layout c:\vs2017layout --add
Microsoft.VisualStudio.Workload.NetWeb --add
Microsoft.VisualStudio.Workload.Azure --includeOptional --lang en-US
In case the software for Microsoft Visual Studio is already installed on the machine, it is
important to check and confirm if there is need to install Microsoft Azure SDK for .NET.

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To Register for Microsoft Azure Free Account
So as to register for Microsoft Azure Free Account you can used the following url link
https://azure.microsoft.com/en-gb/free/. The Azure account can be created using your university
email account. The trial version account is free and provides you with several free services for a
period of one year or even more (Belotserkovskiy, Kaufman, and Sachdeva, 2015). However, the
user will be required to provide their credit card details for purposes of verification of their
selves. There are no charges associated with provide your credit card details not unless you
overtly select and agree to use a payed service.
Step 1: Creating a WFC service
To create a web service which has the capacity to generate random numbers between [1 and 100]
you follow the following instructions:

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Open Visual studio 2017 and go to file->New->Project->Under Cloud, then select Windows
Azure Cloud Service. You will have to rename the project to “RandomNumbers” or a name of
your choice.
Once you have created the project, there is another screen that will pop up as illustrated below.
Select “WCT Service Web Role” under C# from the option list and the select on the “>” button.

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The above figure is how the project need to look like in the solution explorers once you select the
“OK” button in the screen shown above.
There users can rename the file based on their preference such as Iservice1 interface or my
service 1 class to RandomNumbers all through the project using the “rename” command in the

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refactor menu. You should ensure that you do not forget to rename the respective files.
Renaming of the files is done for purposes of convenience of referring them back to this article.
The users can name this articles differently depending on their choice.
Once that is done it is time to create a simple function which is capable pf generating random
numbers ranging between 1 and 100. You are supposed to substitute the function with the
RandomNumber.svc.cs with the following function:
C#
public string GetNumber()
{
Random number = new Random();
return number.Next(1, 100).ToString();
}
Go to the IRandomNumbers interface and replace the operation contracts by this one:
C#
[OperationContract]
string GetNumber();
The interface describes the approach that will be visible when the WCF service is deployed. At
this point you are able to construct your solution and create packages and upload them to Azure.
When you right click on the “RandomNumbers” project and select the “Packages” option a
dialogue box similar to the one shown in the figure below will pop up.

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In order to create pancakes to be deployed in Azure, select the ‘Package’ button in the dialog box
shown in the above figure. On selecting the ‘Package’ option it creates two files in the
‘<YourProjectName>’ \bin\ bin\Realse\app.[ublish’ folder.
Step 2: Deploy a WCF web service locally for debugging
You are required to selct the WCFserviceWebRole and then selct “Start debugging”.
Note: If you debug your Azure applications for the first time, it will ask you to download and
install Azure simulation environment (based on ISS) which will take some minutes.
The debugging process takes the following steps:

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Manually attach the debugger to the hosting process on the remote computer. After the process is
running, select Debug>attach to process or press Ctl+Alt+P in Visual Studio.
Use the Attach to process dialog to attach the debugger to the process.
Screenshort for start debugging
Once the project has been launched, a default web browser will automatically be opened to
indicate that all the web site/services are running well on the local computers. The default port
80 which is most likely to change to some other port to avoid conflicts with the default http port
80.
Screen shot after debugging
To explore the service’s WSDL description you
should select the “RandomNumbers.svc”

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On clicking the top link, it works

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continuation of the code
When clicked the second time

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Continued

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Continued

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Step 3: Testing WCF Service
The local WCF service should be tested using SoapUI (Create SOAP request by giving a
refrence to the service WSDL: http//localhost: 58736/RamdomNumbers.svc? wsdl)
The process for testing WCF service include:
Start by opening soapUI by setting the following settings: Ensure the service’s wsdl path is
correct.
Once the wsdl definition is loaded, service definition will pear as shown below.

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You then double click on the request node to navigate towards the requested window to the right.
Fill the method parameters denoted by “?”.
Open the folder and ensure it is ready to capture HTTP traffic.
Submit the requested to the specified endpoint so that SOAP Response can be seen on the right
pane.

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WCF Test Client User Interface
WCF test client can be used with a single service or several services.
Service operations
The left pane of the WCF Test Client is the main window lists comprising all services available
together with their respective operations and endpoints (Nori et al., 2016). On double clicking on
an operation, you are able to see its content in the right pane in anew tab with the operations
name. In this case the operation names include addition, subtractions, multiplication and
division.

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The left pane consists of a list of client configuration files. To display the content of any of the
files you double-click any of the items and it will display the contents contained in the file in a
new tab window in the tight pane. Some of these parameters are shown by the screenshots
below:
Test addition operation

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Test division operation

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Test multiplication operation
Test subtraction operation

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Raw data in this case of addition example:

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Step 4: How to deploy WCF service on Windows Azure
The process for deploying a WCF Web service illustrated in this part is lightweight and the same
as for deploying a general ASP.NET application (see
https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/app-service/app-service-web-get-started-dotnet). The
process is dissimilar to the traditional approach used for deploying Web Service/Web API by
creating as well as uploading two files that is configuration file
ServiceConfiguration.Cloud.cscfg and a web service package <WS_Name>.cspkg. This can be
further explored later on https://blogs.msdn.microsoft.com/nishasingh/2012/12/04/creating-and-
deploying-a-wcf-service-on-windows-azure-and-consuming-it-in-windows-8-store-app/.
Right click on the WCFServiceWebRole1 project name and select Publish as shown in the figure
below.
You have to ensure that WCFServiceWebRole1 is selected and then select Publish

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The process leads you to the Create App Service dialog, which aids you in creating all the
required Azure resources to run the ASP.NET web application in Azure.
After deploying to Azure
1st WSDL Link Shown

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Continued

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Sign in to Azure
In the Create App Service dialog, select Add account and sign in to your Azure subscription. If
you are already signed in, select the account with the desired subscription from the dropdown
menu.
Note: You have to make sure that you have created an Azure account befeorehand via
https://azure.microsoft.com/en-gb/free/, which means that if you have already signed in you do
not need to select create once again.
Create a resources group
A resource group is a logic container through which Azure resources such as database, web
applications and storage accounts are deployed and managed.

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The next step to Resource Group is select New
Name this resource group as myResourceGroup and select the OK button.
Creating an App Service Plan
The App Service plan indicates the location, features, and size of the web server farm hosting
your applications. It is cost effective when hosting several apps by configuring the web
applications to share a single App Service plan. The App Service plan defines the following:
Location (such as West U.S, North Asia or Central Europe)
Scale count (1 to 10 instances)
Instance size (small, medium or large)
SKU (basic, shared, standard or premium)
Adjacent to the App Service plan, select New.
In the Configure App Service Plan dialog, use the settings in the table illustrated in the following
screenshot.

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Then complete by selecting Ok option.
Creating and Publishing the web App
Under the Web App Name, you are required to type a distinct app name (valid characters include
a-z, 0-9 and -), or you can accept the automatically generated unique name. The url for the web
app is http://<app_name>.azurewebsites.net, where <app_name> is your web app name.
Select Create to begin creating the Azure resources.
After the wizard has completed, it will publish the web service to Azure and then launch the app
in the default browser.
Appearnce in Microsoft Azure

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The web app name specified in the create and publish step is used as the url prefix in the format
http://<app_name>.azurewebsites.net.
Configurations on your web service is running live in Azure App service.
To access the web service, go to http://wsfservicewebrole120171029101539.
http://.azurewebsites.net/RandomNumbers.svc
View WSDL description at http://wcfservicewebrole12017110291015339
azurewebsites.net/RandomNumbers.svc?wsdl
Note: You should use your unique name to publish so as to gain access to the service.

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Step5: Test Azure WCF Service
Development of a Web Service using Windows Azure
Once Microsoft Azure has been described and justification made the deployment of the
multiplication service can be initiated, which commence by installing Microsoft Visual Studio
(VS). This is done in case the software is not installed on the computer (Collier, and Shahan,
2015). After installing and launching VS, a new project has to be created by selecting “Windows
Azure Cloud Service” and then select the okay option. The process is illustrated in the figures
below.
Example of addition test

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Screenshot showing raw test data web service using Azure
Step 6: Creating a Web Service’s desktop client
Procedure for creating a Web Service desktop client
Open Visual Studio and go to File> New and select Project. Select a new project from the dialog
box and select “Windows Service” and click the OK button.

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Go to Visual C# > “Windows Desktop” -> “Windows Service,” provide your project with a
suitable name and then click OK and shown in the screenshot.

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After clicking the OK button, the following screen will appear, which is your service.
The screenshots below shows an illustration code for creating web service’s desktop client.
Client code
Client code tested for calculator on multiplication, division, addition and subtraction as
shown in the screenshots respectively

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To delete resources from Azure
To delete resources or groups of resources on Azure the following steps are undertaken:
Select the resource from the portal. The following window will pop up (Familiar, 2015). Azure
does not always force the client to type the name of the resource before the delete button pop up.

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Conclusion
Cloud computing has made it possible for storage data and information on remote servers.
Certainly, this has eased the way on how to access these data via the internet rather that storing it
on personal computers. As a result, Microsoft has made significant strides in cloud computing
through Microsoft Windows Azure in the development of data centers for public cloud
infrastructure. Indeed, Microsoft Azure and Visual Studio allow for creation of application which
use diverse Azure resources and running in the cloud.

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