Images of the Child in Early Childhood Education

This paper explores the impact of images of children in early childhood education on caregivers, parents, and society. It discusses the history of child images and compares them to current child images. The paper also analyzes the contrast of images and their effects on childhood development. The importance of valuing children's rights and providing equal opportunities for children is emphasized.

800823234

1
ECTPP302A- REFLECTIVE AND PROFESSIONAL PRACTICE
Table of content
Introduction……………………………………………………………………………………... 2
What is “Images of the child” and pedagogy?…………………………………………............2
History of child images compared to current child images:…………………………............3
Contrast of images:……………………………………………………………………………...4
Conclusion:……………………………………………………………………………................8
References: …………………………………………………………………………….................9
Harpreet Kaur 800823234

2
ECTPP302A- REFLECTIVE AND PROFESSIONAL PRACTICE
Introduction:
During their early years, children come across different experiences in life which shape
their future and the well-being (Bredekamp, 2014). According to Bredekamp (2014), the children
are capable learners who are more than just a receptor of information. However, in the previous
era, the independent capability of the child was not acknowledged leading to an experience of
disturbing childhood. At present, the independent capability of a child is taken into consideration
However, the images of children in social media, animation movies have a psychological impact
on the caregiver and parents of children (Bredekamp, 2014). The following paper will explore
the images which are used as early childhood images by educational organizations. The paper
will mainly analyze the story or the concept highlighted in the images through numerous aspects
and different point and how it affects the perspective of the society towards childhood.
What is “Images of the child” and pedagogy?
The image of a child can be described as the views of a person or people regarding the
role of children in the environment and the social content. It also includes the understanding of
child’s strengths, agency, development based on social, historical, and cultural aspects
influencing individual’s image of the child (Martalock, 2012). There is a strong relationship
between the images of the child and the early childhood pedagogies.The term pedagogy refers to
the holistic nature of early childhood educators, decision making for children, teaching, and
learning (Martalock, 2012). The decision making and judgment are the prime compounds of the
active role of caregiver towards enhancing the learning of children. In order to make the
professional decision the caregiver should have the professional skills and sound knowledge
about the children, family, and community (Spodek, & Saracho, 2014). Moreover, the educators
should focus on the certain beliefs the community have and values of the society which
Harpreet Kaur 800823234

3
ECTPP302A- REFLECTIVE AND PROFESSIONAL PRACTICE
influences the learning of a child. Subsequently, it brings the creativity to every child, build up
the intuitions of children and facilitate the imagination of every child from the early hood. The
first theory is a developmental theory that focuses on understanding the process of nurturing and
how the process of learning of child developed over the time which also refers to the
environment provided to the child and the child rearing practices in the home environment. The
second theory is a socio-cultural theory that focuses on the prime role of family and community
in developing the respectful relationship with children and structures the mentality of a child.
The third theory is a socio-behaviorist theory that illustrates how experiences of learning shape
the behavior of a child (Department of Education Employment and Workplace Relations
[DEEWR],2009). On the other hand, capturing images of childcare is guided by three principles
namely consent, dignity and security or privacy. In the domain of consent, it is the will of the
parents or the guardians of the children, which must be taken into consideration. The parents are
required to made aware about the ways in which the captured images of their child will be used
in digital or audio-visual media. According to Australian Association of National Advertisers
(AANA) (2011), the advertisers and the marketers are required to respect the integrity of the
children and young people through taking proper action
History of child images and comparison to current child images:
Reggio Emilia approach viewed children as competent, strong, capable and powerful
individuals holding rights from birth (Rinaldi, 2013).Previous studies provide a rich source of
empirical literature about the children and childhood. In the previous era, the image of children is
portrayed as the representation of a different compound of society. This subsequently robbed the
innocence of children in every aspect. Childhood was defined as a period from where children
started facing hardships of life. Before the philosophies of Jean Jacques came into action, the
Harpreet Kaur 800823234

4
ECTPP302A- REFLECTIVE AND PROFESSIONAL PRACTICE
children were seen as adult, locked in small bodies who will serve the community as useful
human being (O'Hagan, 2017). Previously, the communities were more biased and they portray
the children as a replica of adults. Therefore, an inconsiderate number of children had a barbaric
childhood. They become victim of the slavery in every era long with adults. In the previous era,
society made some cave art of children and their childhood which highlights the barbaric act of
society tover children (Rousseau, 2018). Infants during the past decade were taught to make
marks on the wall of cave and childhood was not a prime priority of children. However,
philosopher Jean Jacques, first recognized the worth of development of children. He believed
that children have inherent goodness in them which will provide an opportunity for shaping their
future (Hill et.al., 2017). He wrote the importance of children’s freedom to grow without any
image of an adult. Moreover, he believed that every child needs excellent care in their early
childhood which will shape their future and this will help them to face the hardship of life
without hesitation. It is after his proposed theory that the overall approach of childcare and
treatment of childhood changed (Hill et.al., 2017).
At present, technology has the massive impact in influencing the society through the
wrong pictures of children. Even children in the recent era tend to behave like adults because of
the influence of social media and the internet. Advertisement industries manipulate the images of
infants to target a specific population and gain the profit from it. Therefore, the childhood of a
considerate number children become harsh due to the negative images. These negative images
have psychological impact on the caregiver, society and family members.
Contrast of images:
Harpreet Kaur 800823234

5
ECTPP302A- REFLECTIVE AND PROFESSIONAL PRACTICE
In the early education system, the teacher or caregiver acquire the wrong conception of
child psychology due to the adverse portray of children from the ancient era. Therefore, it has a
massive impact on the delivery of care to child. These images also influence well-being of the
children and their parents. Due to negligence and reluctance, the infants tend to become
aggressive during the later part of their life with no control over their thought processes. Innocent
infants tend to become a violent adult with negative perspective about the gender and society
(Engel et al., 2015).
(Figure: Child with poster, 2015)
The above mentioned image is posted by the United Nation University in the year 2015.
The image was used in an article, where the child is portrayed as a helpless and needy person
where people get attracted emotionally.These are the strategies that organisations use to attract
people using the children’s images (United Nation University, 2015).
Harpreet Kaur 800823234

6
ECTPP302A- REFLECTIVE AND PROFESSIONAL PRACTICE
(Figure: Children having nap, 2015) (Figure: Staying healthy, 2015)
This image shows the adult-led approach as the educator is reading the story and all
children are lying down on the bed. This is limiting the learning and is not effective for the
children as they are doing what’s been planned or according to the routine (Arthur. et al, 2018).
The article 12 of UN conventions, highlights that the children have the right to say things
independently that they think should occur and their views should get a noticeable attention
when making decisions (UNICEF, 2015).
The second image is showing the encouraging self-help skills however, two of the
children are wearing bibs which is not age- appropriate practice according to the developmental
milestones unless they are additional need children (ACECQA, 2013).
(“Constru
ction themed experience.”, n.d.)(“Playing with doll.”, 2014)
In this above highlighted image (on the right hand side), two boys are engaged in
dramatic building activity with a set-up of construction site. This image is gender biased as only
two boys have been highlighted to take part in the activity. In the second image, a girl is found to
Harpreet Kaur 800823234

7
ECTPP302A- REFLECTIVE AND PROFESSIONAL PRACTICE
play with doll. Again this image is gender biased where only the girl child is portrayed t be
delicate or one who loves to play with set up like home-making. In the modern era, this
perspective is changing to some extent but still exists (UNICEF, 2015).
(“Doll house play.” n.d.) (“Girl with doll.” 2018)
Early childhood learning environment is essential in the process of enhancing childhood
development. The environment, under which children are brought up, holds prominent
significance in their future life and their executed behavior (England et al., 2011). Children are
eager and curious about what happens around them during their early years. Their bodies and
minds develop at a swift rate with respect to the social, physical and temporal environments. As
these images are describing the factor of girls wearing pin color and playing with dolls or dolls
house. This is one of the stereotypical view in the society that pink colored toys and playing with
dolls or doll houses are just for the girls. The parents get influenced by all these stereotypical
views and make the accessibility to the environment limited by creating such things. For
instance, in the dress up corner in the child care services most of the times they are all fancy
dresses for the girls. In order to extend on that, the gender schema theory highlights the fact that
the relation between child rearing practices, child gender views, and child’s behaviour is possible
Harpreet Kaur 800823234

8
ECTPP302A- REFLECTIVE AND PROFESSIONAL PRACTICE
to be affected by families’ gender role stereotypes. When parents have their own cultural beliefs
and traditional attitudes, there is more possibility of having gender-differentiating practices
happening in the home environment (Endendijk, Groeneveld, Pol, Berkel, Hallers, Bakermans,
Mesman, 2017).
(“a boy with the doll.”, 2018)
In today’s world, there are surprisingly good images of children can be seen easily but
some images in the negative messages are still there. Some families do encourage the equal
opportunities for all children regardless of stereotypical views. As this image depicts, a young
boy in a child care centre is playing with a doll which reflects a positive message for others.
According to the Reggio Emelia approach, children are capable and strong learners who holds
the ability to be potential since they are born (Rinaldi, 2013). Children begins their life by
exploring the world around them by making relationships through different aspects. As stated by
Martalock (2012), “A rich child is not an empty vessel waiting to be filled, but is one born
equipped to engage actively and immediately in learning”. Therefore, it is essential to take
children’s ideas with solemnity and exploring the environments with. In addition to that, the
sustained shared thinking approach is essential to have in place in the curriculums. The images
Harpreet Kaur 800823234

9
ECTPP302A- REFLECTIVE AND PROFESSIONAL PRACTICE
used of the educational institutions as mentioned above destroys child’s own self-identity and
child’s own interests of exploring things. They used such images that attract people emotionally
and gets benefit. On the other side, some images in child care still deliver the stereotypical
messages to the community as discussed above.
Conclusion:
Thus from the above discussion, it can be concluded that, it is mandatory to deliver the
worth information and practices in relation to children under child care environments. It becomes
challenging sometimes because of some controversial views in the society. However, the
educators should be valuing children’s rights while disregarding the gender stereotypical views
and should be providing equal opportunities for the children. It is essential to have reciprocal
relationships and sustained shared thinking approach in practice to stimulate the sense of
belonging in children every day. The image of a child always depicts two different point of
views- one what the observer thinks that is and the second one is the reason behind taking that
image or the hiding unwillingness of the child.
Harpreet Kaur 800823234

10
ECTPP302A- REFLECTIVE AND PROFESSIONAL PRACTICE
References:
[A boy with the doll] [image]. (2018) [Photograph]. Retrieved from http://www.fairisle-
inf.co.uk/page/?pid=43
[Child with poster][image]. (2015) [Photograph]. Retrieved from
fromhttps://gcm.unu.edu/publications/articles/the-contributions-of-refugees-lifting-
barriers-to-inclusion.html
[Children having nap] [image]. (2015). [Photograph]. Retrieved from
https://www.npr.org/2015/01/24/379530251/u-s-once-had-universal-child-care-but-
rebuilding-it-wouldnt-be-easy
[Construction themed experience] [image]. (n.d.). [Photograph]. Retrieved from
https://www.flyingstart.uk.com/flying-start-marjon-role-play-nursery-build/
[Doll house play] [image]. (n.d.) [Photograph]. Retrieved from
https://oranaplaygroup.wordpress.com/category/mondays-at-playgroup/
[Girl with doll] [image]. (2018). [Photograph]. Retrieved from
https://www.whingewhingewine.co.uk/2018/02/adventure-avenue-burgess-hill.html/-
[Staying healthy] [image]. (2015). [Photograph]. Retrieved from
https://cdn.theatlantic.com/assets/media/img/photo/2015/11/image_54/main_900.jpg
ACECQA. (2013). Developmental milestones and the early years learning framework and the
national quality standards. Retrieved from
http://files.acecqa.gov.au/files/ACECQA/2014/developmental-milestonesDevelopmental
%20Milestones%20and%20the%20EYLF%20and%20the%20NQS.pdf
Arthur, L., Beecher, B., Death, E., Dockett, S., & Farmer, S. (2018).Programming& planning in
early childhood settings (7thed.)Melbourne, Vic. Cengage Learning.
Australian Association of National Advertisers (AANA) (2011). Practice Guideline – Managing
Images Of Children & Young People. Access date: 27th October. Retrieved from:
http://aana.com.au/content/uploads/2014/05/AANA-Practice-Guideline-Managing-
Images-of-Children-Young-People.pdf
Bredekamp, S. (2014). Effective practices in early childhood education:
Building a foundation. Upper Saddle River, NJ: Pearson.
Department of Education Employment and Workplace Relations. (2009). Belonging, being and
becoming -The early years learning framework for Australia. Retrieved from
Harpreet Kaur 800823234

11
ECTPP302A- REFLECTIVE AND PROFESSIONAL PRACTICE
https://docs.education.gov.au/system/files/doc/other/belonging_being_and_becoming_
the_early_years_learning_framework_for_australia.pdf
Endendijk, J. J., Groeneveld, M. G., Pol, L. D., Berkel, S. R., Hallers, H. E. T., Bakermans, K.
M. J.,&Mesman, J. (2017). Gender differences in child aggression: relations with gender-
differentiated parenting and parents’ gender-role stereotypes. Child Development, 88(1),
299–316. https://doi.org/10.1111/cdev.12589
Engel, A., Barnett, W. S., Anders, Y., &Taguma, M. (2015). Early childhood
education and care policy review. Retrieved from
http://www.oecd.org/norway/Early-Childhood-Education-and-Care-
Policy-Review-Norway.pdf
England, D. E., Descartes, L., & Collier-Meek, M. A. (2011). Gender role portrayal and the
Disney princesses. Sex roles, 64(7-8), 555-567.
Hill, B., Cameron, M., & Stainton R. (2017). Jean-Jacques Rousseau.
Sourcebook in the History of Philosophy of Language (pp. 887-909).
Springer, Cham.Retreived from https://books.google.com.au/books?
id=LR4DDQAAQBAJ&printsec=frontcover&dq=Green,+M.+S.+(2017).
+Jean-Jacques+Rousseau.
+Sourcebook+in+the+History+of+Philosophy+of+Language+(pp.
+887-
909).&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwjvxYW84uLdAhXLaN4KHW1cCkAQ6
AEIMTAB#v=onepage&q&f=false
Martalock, P.L. (2012). “What is a wheel?” The Image of the child: traditional, project approach,
and Reggio Emilia Perspectives. Dimensions of early childhood, 40(3), 3-11
O'Hagan, T. (2017). Jean-Jacques Rousseau. Retrieved from
https://books.google.com.au/books?
id=sAskDwAAQBAJ&pg=PT42&dq=O%27Hagan,+T.+(2017).+Jean-
Harpreet Kaur 800823234

12
ECTPP302A- REFLECTIVE AND PROFESSIONAL PRACTICE
Jacques+Rousseau.
+Routledge.&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwia2IC65eLdAhWGc3AKHT4u
A-QQ6AEIKTAA#v=onepage&q=O'Hagan%2C%20T.%20(2017).
%20Jean-Jacques%20Rousseau.%20Routledge.&f=false
Playing with doll] [image]. (2014). [Photograph]. Retrieved from
https://www.learning4kids.net/2012/05/03/imaginative-play-baby-care-corner/
Publications. (n.d.). Retrieved from https://www.unicef.org/malaysia/resources_factsheets-
protection.html
Rinaldi, C., (2013). What is the image of the child and childhood? Re-
Imagining Childhood: The inspiration of Reggio Emilia education
principles in South Australia (pp. 15-17). Retrieved from
https://www.decd.sa.gov.au/sites/g/files/net691/f/reimaginingchildhood
.pdf
Rousseau, J. J. (2018). The Social Contract & Discourse on Inequality.
Retrieved from https://books.google.com.au/books?
id=XohjDwAAQBAJ&printsec=frontcover#v=onepage&q&f=false
Spodek, B., &Saracho, O. N. (2014). Handbook of research on the education
of young children. Routledge. Retrieved from
https://books.google.com.au/books?id=j7-
jtZlZTmYC&printsec=frontcover&dq=Spodek,+B.,+%26+Saracho,+O.
+N.+(2014).
+Handbook+of+research+on+the+education+of+young+children.&hl
=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwjdkoSJ5-
LdAhVCUd4KHb9aDp8Q6AEIKzAA#v=onepage&q=Spodek%2C%20B.
Harpreet Kaur 800823234

13
ECTPP302A- REFLECTIVE AND PROFESSIONAL PRACTICE
%2C%20%26%20Saracho%2C%20O.%20N.%20(2014).%20Handbook
%20of%20research%20on%20the%20education%20of%20young
%20children.&f=false
UNICEF. (2015). FACT SHEET: A summary of the rights under the Convention on the Rights of
the Child. Access date: 27th October. Retrieved from:
https://www.unicef.org/crc/files/Rights_overview.pdf
Harpreet Kaur 800823234